scholarly journals Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan Gallanagh ◽  
Terry J. Quinn ◽  
Jen Alexander ◽  
Matthew R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Current Guidelines

The role of physical activity in the prevention of stroke is of great interest due to the high mortality and significant impact of stroke-related morbidity on the individual and on healthcare resources. The use of physical activity as a therapeutic strategy to maximise functional recovery in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors has a growing evidence base. This narrative review examines the existing literature surrounding the use of exercise and physical therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. It explores the effect of gender, exercise intensities and the duration of observed benefit. It details the most recent evidence for physical activity in improving functional outcome in stroke patients. The review summaries the current guidelines and recommendations for exercise therapy and highlights areas in which further research and investigation would be useful to determine optimal exercise prescription for effective prevention and rehabilitation in stroke.

Physical activity and exercise

2020 ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Bearne ◽  
Christina H. Opava
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

This chapter provides an overview of the role of physical activity and exercise in the management of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It defines the concepts of physical activity, exercise, and sedentary behaviour and considers how these are measured objectively and subjectively in research studies and clinical practice. The symptoms and disabilities targeted by appropriately prescribed interventions are discussed and the growing evidence base for the effects of exercise in people with RA is highlighted. The recommendations and guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity and exercise prescription are reviewed and the factors that influence adherence to these are acknowledged. Suggestions of how clinicians may adapt their management approach to facilitate the uptake and maintenance of health-enhancing physical activity and exercise are considered.

scholarly journals Interventions for challenging behaviour in intellectual disability

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afia Ali ◽  
Jessica Blickwedel ◽  
Angela Hassiotis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Individual

SummaryChallenging behaviour is common in intellectual disability but it is difficult to diagnose and manage. It can adversely affect the quality of life of the individual and cause the breakdown of community placements, resulting in hospital admission. This article discusses the aetiology of challenging behaviour (including the complex relationship with mental illness), diagnostic problems, the current evidence base in relation to psychosocial and pharmacological treatments, and service delivery.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the aetiological basis of challenging behaviour.•Understand the role of functional analysis.•Appreciate the evidence base in relation to the psychological and pharmacological treatment of challenging behaviour.

Affect and Clinical Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Heyhoe ◽  
Rebecca Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
The Individual

In the chapter “Affect and Clinical Decision-Making,” theoretical and empirical literature from within and outside healthcare are drawn on to understand the role of affect in clinical decision-making at the individual and team level. Theories of individual decision-making are summarized and psychological models of decision-making and current knowledge of thought processes are presented to explain the role of affect in judgment and behavior in healthcare settings. Three types of affect: anticipatory affect, incidental affect, and anticipated affect are discussed in detail and used to illustrate how affective states may play a role in different clinical contexts and settings. Gaps in the existing evidence base are identified, and suggestions are made for interventions that might support health professionals to make better decisions.

Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Obessity and Metabolic Syndrom in Child

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Viktorovna Tyrtova ◽  
Natalja Vladimirovna Parshina ◽  
Kristina Vladimirovna Skobeleva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
The Individual

In a review article analyzes the role of heredity in the occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Debut of hyperphagia and severe obesity from early childhood are typical for monogenic forms and syndromes. Many nonspecific candidate-genes in combination form a polygenic basis for the accumulation of excess body fat, especially under the influence of irrational diet and low physical activity. Examined the role of epigenetic factors in the individual genetic variants in fetus, predisposing to obesity and metabolic syndrome after birth. Discuss the possibilities of early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Bare Below the Elbows: Professionalism vs Infection Risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Baxter ◽  
O Dale ◽  
A Morritt ◽  
JC Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Individual

In September 2007 the Department of Health (DH) published a document entitled Uniforms and workwear: An evidence base for developing local policy. This report tackled the issues of wearing and appropriately laundering workwear in an effort to advise employers when creating their local policy. It was based on two literature reviews carried out by Thames Valley University known as TVU1 and TVU2. These studies looked at the evidence surrounding the role of uniforms in the transmission of infection (TVU1), the efficacy of laundry practices in removing contamination (TVU1) and how public perception of both the individual and the organisation is altered by uniforms (TVU2).

Level of Participation and Knowledge of Physical Activity in Hong Kong Chinese Adults and Their Association with Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Sai Chuen Hui ◽  
James R. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Physically Active

In this study, a questionnaire translated from a national survey on physical activity of 2,002 U.S. adults (Morrow, Jackson. Bazzarre. Milne, & Blair, 1999) was adopted to survey a random sample of 812 Chinese adults through a city wide telephone interview. The respondents demonstrated poor awareness of the role of physical activity in disease prevention. Older adults possessed poorer knowledge of physical activity but higher activity levels than their younger counterparts did. Results indicated that the level and knowledge of physical activity of Chinese adults are related to age. The perceived importance of physical activity was the lowest among other health behaviors. Age, educational level, and knowledge of appropriate exercise prescription to achieve health benefits were factors used to discriminate among sedentary, somewhat active, and physically active groups. The importance of intervention programs to raise the physical activity level and knowledge of Chinese adults was demonstrated by this study.

scholarly journals General practitioners’ views on the role of pedometers in health promotion

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmita Patel ◽  
Gregory Kolt ◽  
Grant Schofield ◽  
Justin Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Primary Care Practices ◽  
Active Patients

INTRODUCTION: Regular pedometer use can help initiate and maintain regular walking activity that can lead to a number of health-related benefits. The primary health care setting has been found to be an ideal venue in which to counsel low-active individuals for physical activity. AIM: To examine general practitioners’ (GPs) views on the role of pedometers in health promotion. METHODS: Fifteen GPs working in urban, primary care practices in Auckland, New Zealand were individually interviewed. The interview schedule focused on physical activity counselling and the Green Prescription programme. For this sub-study, the focus was on questions relating to pedometer use. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS: Four main themes were identified. Pedometers were viewed as motivational devices that could be used to encourage low-active patients to become more active, as they provided feedback on step counts. A pedometer was also viewed as a self-management tool, whereby the individual could set daily step count goals, which in turn could help increase their physical activity engagement. GPs who currently wore a pedometer discussed the practicalities of being able to show a patient how to use a pedometer. Also discussed was how cost could restrict pedometer access for some patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pedometers were viewed by GPs as being helpful devices that could help motivate and support low-active patients in becoming more active. Information regarding step counts was seen as important because it could make people aware how little physical activity they were engaging in. KEYWORDS: General practitioners; health promotion; sedentary lifestyle; walking

Stroke survivors’ experiences and perceptions of post-stroke fatigue education in the subacute phase of stroke. The FASE qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262096374
Author(s):  
Julie Elizabeth Tremayne ◽  
Jennifer Freeman ◽  
Ali Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Stroke Services ◽  
The Individual

Introduction Post-stroke fatigue significantly impacts stroke survivors’ rehabilitation, morbidity and quality of life. The evidence-base of post-stroke fatigue education is scarce and inconsistently translated to practice. Research is necessary to understand the current provision, impact and perceptions of post-stroke fatigue education from the stroke survivor’s perspective. The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of stroke survivors’ current experiences and perceptions of fatigue and the role of post-stroke fatigue education in subacute stroke. Methods A United Kingdom-based qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews involving 10 participants who had experienced subacute stroke was conducted using thematic data analysis. Findings The overarching theme of acceptance and adaptation reflected possible mechanisms in how stroke survivors manage post-stroke fatigue. Theme one highlighted the individual and diverse nature of post-stroke fatigue. Theme two, the variability of stroke survivors’ current experiences, reflected variability in content and context of post-stroke fatigue education. Theme three, the role of stroke services, described perceived responsibility and ability of stroke services to provide post-stroke fatigue education. Conclusions Post-stroke fatigue education is variable in practice. The results suggest further investigation of a stroke pathway approach for post-stroke fatigue education, involving core aspects suitable for a spectrum of stroke survivors with additional components tailored to individual needs.

scholarly journals ACEs: Evidence, Gaps, Evaluation and Future Priorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Theresa Marteau ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Kathryn Abel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

There is strong evidence linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor outcomes in adulthood both in terms of mental and physical health. Gaps in both the evidence base and research priorities still exist. These include understanding how to identify and assess risk in children who have experienced ACEs, and also the development and, importantly, the evaluation of interventions. Outstanding gaps include whether there are sensitive periods during childhood, the role of resilience/protective factors, the causal relationships, biological mechanisms and relative risk of ACEs for particular negative outcomes. ACEs affect individual children differently and chronic exposure appears to increase the risk of poor outcomes in adulthood, meaning interventions should also be tailored to the individual children, families and communities. Generally, there needs to be better evaluation of interventions and dissemination of this information to ensure that their use is evidence based. More input from affected communities, clinicians, funding bodies and Government departments is required to identify research priorities and ensure gaps in the evidence base are addressed.

scholarly journals Prescription of physical activity: knowledge and needs among general practitioners of Ile-de-France

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Astruc ◽  
J C Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Specific Skill ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attending Physician

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. The concept of medical prescription of physical activity (PA) adapted now appears in a law, which specifies the central role of the family physician. The needs of the general practitioners (GP) about prescription of PA have not been studied. Aim To assess the knowledge and needs of GPs regarding the medical prescription of PA. Methods This is a transversal observational epidemiological study of GPs working in the departments of Hauts-de-Seine (92) and Val-de-Marne (94) near Paris. A questionnaire was sent by mail or email. Results One hundred and fifty-eight physicians were included. A total of 72.2% of GPs rated their knowledge in PA as average to very poor. The initial training in PA is estimated as unsatisfactory by 84.2% of GPs. A total of 81.6% haven't done a postgraduate additional training in PA. A specific skill in sports medicine, the individual practice of PA as well as the speaking about PA in more than 50% of consultations are significantly associated with a feeling of competence in PA prescription (P < 0.01). Among the measures favoring the prescription of PA, GPs told that they need information brochures to give to the patient (60.8%), a website of help to the prescription of PA which can be used in consultation (60.1%), or the organization of a specific training on the medical prescription of AP (50.6%). Conclusions The lack of training seems to be the major obstacle to the generalization of prescription of PA. The organization of training or the creation of specific tools for the attending physician seems to be promising solutions. Key messages The lack of training seems to be the major obstacle to the generalization of prescription of PA. Organization of training or the creation of specific tools for the attending physician seems to be promising solutions.

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