A Study of the Principles of Three Major Sects for Creating Buddhist Sacred Places

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Punjaphut Thirathamrongwee ◽  
Wonchai Mongkolpradit
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Creation

This article aims to establish the principles for the creation of Buddhist sacred places based on primary sources of the three major sects, namely, Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna, and studied architecture based on promising secondary sources through case studies. The stated research question is to understand the interaction among Buddhist principles, human activities, and Buddhist architecture in order to develop the criteria for creating Buddhist sacred places in the context of the modern world. The results indicate that criteria should be considered in two aspects.  First, a method is required to characterize the context and environment that promotes the practice of virtues such as concentration and wisdom, resulting in mental development.  Second, and a method is needed for characterization of the context and activities performed that are appropriate for spiritual cultivation. The proposed criteria offer appropriate methods for developing sacred places in various societies, and contexts comprising any circumstances. 

Makna Simbolis dan Filosofis Kuliner Tradisional pada Upacara Tradisi di Kudus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Sri Indrahti ◽  
Siti Maziyah ◽  
Alamsyah Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Kudus is an area rich in historical and cultural sites related to the spread of Islam. In several tombs of religious leaders in Kudus, there are still traditional ceremonies which are always complemented by various culinary traditions. What are the symbolic and philosophical meanings of each of the traditional culinary traditions in some ways related to the five prominent figures of Islam in Kudus? In writing this article the research begins with collecting data which includes the collection of primary and secondary sources such as literature, observation, participatory, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with informants from various elements. All data that has been collected through the various approaches above will then be classified, connected or accumulated between data from one another, linked between primary sources and library sources or secondary sources, as a form of interpretation and synthesized in order to obtain research results . The results of the study show that the symbolic and philosophical meanings of each culinary tradition in some traditional ceremonies relating to the characterization of Islamization in Kudus are closely related to the greatness of the figure itself. Based on the culinary tradition, it can be seen that the beliefs of the Kudus community still have a relationship with previous beliefs (pre-Islam).

scholarly journals The Invention of Sacred Places and Rituals: A Comparative Study of Pilgrimage

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
John Eade
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

During the last twenty years around the world there has been a rapid increase in the number of people visiting long established religious shrines as well as the creation of new sites by those operating outside the boundaries of institutional religion. This increase is intimately associated with the revival of traditional routes, the creation of new ones and the invention of new rituals (religious, spiritual and secular). To examine this process, I will focus on the European region and two contrasting destinations in particular—the Catholic shrine of Lourdes, France, and the pre-Christian shrine of Avebury, England—drawing on my personal involvement in travelling to both destinations and being involved in ritual activities along the route and at the two destinations. In the discussion section of the paper, I will explore the relevance of these two case studies to the analysis of power, agency and performance and the ways in which they expose (a) the role of institutions and entrepreneurs in creating rituals and sacred places and (b) the relationship between people and the domesticated landscape.

scholarly journals The Faroese Path to a Comprehensive Education System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Nina Volckmar
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Comprehensive Education

This article traces the Faroese path to a comprehensive education system, following the winding road from Norwegian heritage to Danish rule and an increasing degree of autonomy. The main research question explores the extent to which the Faroese themselves have determined the development of their education system, and the extent to which Norwegian and most of all Danish influences have been crucial in this process. Previous research on the development of Faroese education is insufficient and few secondary sources are available. Therefore, this article is largely based on primary sources, such as legislation, curricula, circulars, official reports and interviews. The analysis shows that changes in governance structures and economic conditions are determinant factors that have had impact on the extent to which the Faroese have been responsible for their own educational development. Strong economic growth in recent years has allowed the Faroe Islands to adopt what is considered to be “global education” and “international standards.”

scholarly journals Causes, Manifestations and Nature of Indigenous Wars in Upper Bakweri Land, 1880-1939

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rose Frii-Manyi Anjoh ◽  
Adolf Ngundu Lyonga
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ritualized Combat ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Unpublished Works

The pursuit to control the villages of Upper Bakweri Land (UBL) by the villages of Soppo Mokongo (Great Soppo) and Gbea (Buea Town) led to a series of wars which erupted in the area between 1880 and 1939. The desire for domination resulted to the formation of two main groups which aligned the other villages of UBL under the leadership of either Soppo Mokongo or Gbea. The creation of competing blocs culminated to the upsurge of indigenous wars among the villages of UBL that dragged the two lead villages to support one side or the other. This paper examines the reasons for, the manifestation and the nature of indigenous wars in UBL between 1880 and 1939.  To attain the goals of the paper, the chronological and thematic methods were employed in analyzing and synthesizing data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Information from primary sources came from the National Archives Buea (NAB) and oral interviews. Material gotten from secondary sources was from both published and unpublished works. The findings show that political, economic and socio-cultural factors were the driving force behind indigenous wars in the area. That ritualized combat, the cutting of the head of the leader illustrated the nature of warfare. That the weapons of war used were dane guns, cutlasses and clubs. Although, the wars were classified as either “just” or “unjust’; they never succeeded in establishing a lead village in UBL.

scholarly journals INCORPORATING ARTICLE 31bis FLEXIBILITIES ON TRIPS PUBLIC HEALTH INTO DOMESTIC PATENT SYSTEM: THE INESCAPABLE WAY FORWARD FOR MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Mohsin Hingun ◽  
Rahamatthunnisa Mohamed Nizamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology

The purpose of this study is to highlight the absence of specific provisions on public health under Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, that were not incorporated into the Patents Act 1983 in Malaysia. The main research question of this study is; why should Malaysia immediately amend its Patents Act 1983 to incorporate these flexibilities? Malaysia must develop effective strategies to implement policies, law and governance in managing the country’s public health system. This is to ensure a balance of rights between intellectual property owners and the public, at all times. This study employs a qualitative research methodology that is based on primary sources such as the TRIPS Agreement and the Patents Act 1983, and is further supported by secondary sources such as journals and the contents of authorities’ websites. This study is limited to the issues related to public health and patents. This study includes a discussion on the provisions related to patents and public health, proposed amendments to the Patents Act 1983 that should incorporate the provisions from Article 31bis, and a conclusion on the importance of immediately amending the Patent Act 1983 to incorporate these provisions, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic. This study proposes that the amendments be made to Section 84 of the Patents Act 1983 in relation to Rights of Government, and not through the compulsory licence mechanism under Part X of the Patents Act 1983. Thus, this study concludes that currently, Malaysia is unable to implement the provisions under Article 31bis, unless the Patents Act 1983 is amended.

scholarly journals A Study into the Wealth of Successful Technology Entrepreneurs in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Alun Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Successful Technology

This paper has undertaken an up-to-date and academically grounded study into the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom. Here we are concerned with the dimensions of wealth in terms of its measurement. The methodology used involved three stages to determine the nature of the wealth involved. Primary sources (literature) and secondary sources (business information) were investigated in the first stage to understand the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs. Analysis and synthesis of information undertaken in the second stage determined the net wealth for technology entrepreneurs in different areas of activity. The nature and importance of the measurement of the wealth of technology entrepreneurs were examined in the third stage to formulate conclusions. The research question addressed ‘what is the average net wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom?’ The contribution of the paper is to bring together findings of the study in terms of the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals The Invention of Sacred Places and Rituals: A Comparative Study of Pilgrimage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Eade
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

During the last twenty years around the world there has been a rapid increase in the number of people visiting long established religious shrines as well as the creation of new sites by those operating outside the boundaries of institutional religion. This increase is intimately associated with the revival of traditional routes, the creation of new ones and the invention of new rituals (religious, spiritual and secular). To examine this process I will focus on the European region and two contrasting destinations in particular – the Catholic shrine of Lourdes, France, and the pre-Christian shrine of Avebury, England – drawing on my personal involvement in travelling to both destinations and being involved in ritual activities along the route and at the two destinations. In the discussion section of the paper I will explore the relevance of these two case studies to the analysis of power, agency and performance and the ways in which they expose (a) the role of institutions and entrepreneurs in creating rituals and sacred places and (b) the relationship between people and the domesticated landscape.

Co-evoluzione tra la destinazione turistica e le imprese turistiche

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Valeri ◽  
Leslie Fadlon
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Question

Obiettivo del paper è verificare se il rapporto tra la destinazione turistica e le imprese turistiche, che di essa fanno parte, può essere definito di natura co-evolutiva.Il paper è il frutto della prosecuzione di precedenti nostre ricerche sul tema del destination management e destination governance. La research question su cui si fonda l'impianto teorico del paper è: nello scenario turistico nazionale esistono modelli di ospitalità turistica concepiti come esempi di co-evoluzione tra la destinazione turistica ed il territorio? In un contesto turistico, divenuto da tempo complesso, le imprese si trovano a relazionarsi sempre più con turisti, sia italiani sia stranieri, attenti alla qualità del proprio tempo libero da dedicare all'esperienza turistica ed a riscoprire le autenticità del territorio che visitano. La necessità disoddisfare le esigenze più disparate ha favorito l'affermazione e lo sviluppo di particolariformule imprenditoriali turistiche sostenibili e coerenti con le evoluzioni delle esigenze dei turisti. A tal proposito, per intercettare e governare le dinamiche emergenti nel settore turistico, è necessario partire da una analisi delle problematiche di governance e di management della destinazione e dell'impresa turistica. Nel paper la prospettiva di analisi che risulta essere più appropriata per qualificare meglio la natura del rapporto tra la destinazione turistica e le imprese turistiche è la prospettiva co-evolutiva. Secondo tale prospettiva le imprese turistiche co-evolvono con le destinazioni turistiche nella ricerca di vantaggi competitivi duraturi nel tempo: le imprese turistiche sono considerate risorse critiche per lo sviluppo del territorio e viceversa. Il processo di co-evoluzione presuppone l'individuazione di un organo di governo capace di valorizzare le componenti di dotazione e sistemiche di cui dispone il territorio e di stimolare i comportamenti organizzativi delle diverse imprese turistiche. L'assenza di case studies costituisce un limite del paper. Pertanto in una prospettiva di ricerca futura si intenderà proseguire l'analisi proposta arricchendola di evidenze empiriche, ritenute utili per alimentare il dibattito sulla tematica affrontata e per le conseguenti implicazioni imprenditoriali e manageriali.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RELIGIOUS STYLE AS A FUNCTIONAL STYLE IN LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Barnokhon Kushakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the conditions, reasons and factors of characterization of religious style as a functional style in the field of linguistics. In addition, religious style and its main peculiarities, its importance in the social life, and the functional features of religious style are highlighted in the article. As a result of our investigation, the following results were obtained: a) the increase in the need for the creation and significance of religious language, particularly religious texts has been scientifically proved; b) the possibility of religious texts to represent the thoughts of the people, culture and world outlook has been verified; c) the specificity of religious language, religious texts has been revealed; d) the development of religious style as a functional style has been grounded.

ART STUDIOS – A WAY TO DEVELOPE CHILDREN’S IMAGINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Liuba Zlatkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Complete Product ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Role Of Parents

The report describes the steps for creating a musical tale by children in the art studios of „Art Workshop“, Shumen. These studios are led by students volunteers related to the arts from pedagogical department of Shumen University, and are realized in time for optional activities in the school where the child studies. The stages of creating a complete product with the help of different arts are traced – from the birth of the idea; the creation of a fairy tale plot by the children; the characterization of the fairy-tale characters; dressing them in movement, song and speech; creating sets and costumes and creating a finished product to present on stage. The role of parents as a link and a necessary helper for children and leaders is also considered, as well as the positive psychological effects that this cooperation creates.

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