Macroanalysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Jockers
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Literary Interpretation ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
The Individual

This book introduces readers to large-scale literary computing and the revolutionary potential of macroanalysis—a new approach to the study of the literary record designed for probing the digital-textual world as it exists today, in digital form and in large quantities. Using computational analysis to retrieve key words, phrases, and linguistic patterns across thousands of texts in digital libraries, researchers can draw conclusions based on quantifiable evidence regarding how literary trends are employed over time, across periods, within regions, or within demographic groups, as well as how cultural, historical, and societal linkages may bind individual authors, texts, and genres into an aggregate literary culture. Moving beyond the limitations of literary interpretation based on the “close-reading” of individual works, the book describes how this new method of studying large collections of digital material can help us to better understand and contextualize the individual works within those collections.

Loosely-Specified Query Processing in Large-Scale Information Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 241-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisoara Nica ◽  
Elke A. Rundensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Query Processing ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Query Planning

Challenging issues for processing queries specified over large-scale information spaces (for example, Digital Libraries or the World Wide Web) include the diversity of the information sources in terms of their structures, query interfaces and search capabilities, as well as the dynamics of sources continuously being added, removed or upgraded. In this paper, we give an innovative solution for query planning in such environments. The foundation of our solution is the Dynamic Information Integration Model (DIIM) which supports the specification of not only content but also capabilities of resources without requiring the establishment of a uniform integration schema. Besides the development of the DIIM model, contributions of this paper include: (1) the introduction of the notion of fully specified queries that are semantically equivalent to a loosely-specified query; (2) a translation algorithm of a loosely-specified query into a set of semantically equivalent feasible query plans that are consistent with the binding patterns of query templates of the individual sources (capability descriptions in DIIM) and with interrelationships between information sources (expressed as join constraints in DIIM); and (3) a search restriction algorithm for optimizing query processing by pruning the search space into the relevant subspace of a query. The plans obtained by the proposed query planning process which is composed of the search restriction and translation algorithms can be shown to correspond to query plans semantically equivalent to the initial loosely-specified input query.

ACLAS — A method to define geologically significant lineaments from potential-field data

Geophysics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. G87-G100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cascone ◽  
Chris Green ◽  
Simon Campbell ◽  
Ahmed Salem ◽  
Derek Fairhead
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Potential Field Data ◽  
North West ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Lineament Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic Data

Geologic features, such as faults, dikes, and contacts appear as lineaments in gravity and magnetic data. The automated coherent lineament analysis and selection (ACLAS) method is a new approach to automatically compare and combine sets of lineaments or edges derived from two or more existing enhancement techniques applied to the same gravity or magnetic data set. ACLAS can be applied to the results of any edge-detection algorithms and overcomes discrepancies between techniques to generate a coherent set of detected lineaments, which can be more reliably incorporated into geologic interpretation. We have determined that the method increases spatial accuracy, removes artifacts not related to real edges, increases stability, and is quick to implement and execute. The direction of lower density or susceptibility can also be automatically determined, representing, for example, the downthrown side of a fault. We have evaluated ACLAS on magnetic anomalies calculated from a simple slab model and from a synthetic continental margin model with noise added to the result. The approach helps us to identify and discount artifacts of the different techniques, although the success of the combination is limited by the appropriateness of the individual techniques and their inherent assumptions. ACLAS has been applied separately to gravity and magnetic data from the Australian North West Shelf; displaying results from the two data sets together helps in the appreciation of similarities and differences between gravity and magnetic results and indicates the application of the new approach to large-scale structural mapping. Future developments could include refinement of depth estimates for ACLAS lineaments.

LOOSELY-SPECIFIED QUERY PROCESSING IN LARGE-SCALE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANISOARA NICA ◽  
ELKE A. RUNDENSTEINER
Keyword(s):  
Query Processing ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Query Planning

Challenging issues for processing queries specified over large-scale information spaces (e.g., Digital Libraries or the World Wide Web) include the diversity of the information sources in terms of their structures, query interfaces and search capabilities, as well as the dynamics of sources continuously being added, removed or upgraded. In this paper, we give an innovative solution for query planning in such environments. The foundation of our solution is the Dynamic Information Integration Model (DIIM) which supports the specification of not only content but also capabilities of resources without requiring the establishment of a uniform integration schema. Besides the development of the DIIM model, contributions of this paper include: (1) the introduction of the notion of fully specified queries that are semantically equivalent to a loosely-specified query; (2) a translation algorithm of a loosely-specified query into a set of semantically equivalent feasible query plans that are consistent with the binding patterns of query templates of the individual sources (capability descriptions in DIIM) and with interrelationships between informations sources (expressed as join constraints in DIIM); and (3) a search restriction algorithm for optimizing query processing by pruning the search space into the relevant subspace of a query. The plans obtained by the proposed query planning process which is composed of the search restriction and translation algorithms can be shown to correspond to query plans semantically equivalent to the initial loosely-specified input query.

Models, Practices and Methods of Reading: Evolution in Time and Space

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yulia P. Melentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Program ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Individual

In recent years as public in general and specialist have been showing big interest to the matters of reading. According to discussion and launch of the “Support and Development of Reading National Program”, many Russian libraries are organizing the large-scale events like marathons, lecture cycles, bibliographic trainings etc. which should draw attention of different social groups to reading. The individual forms of attraction to reading are used much rare. To author’s mind the main reason of such an issue has to be the lack of information about forms and methods of attraction to reading.

Scientific-methodological approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of using combine harvesters by large-scale agricultural producers

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
V. Skibchyk ◽  
V. Dnes ◽  
R. Kudrynetskyi ◽  
O. Krypuch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Аnnotation Purpose. To increase the efficiency of technological processes of grain harvesting by large-scale agricultural producers due to the rational use of combine harvesters available on the farm. Methods. In the course of the research the methods of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic method were used. Results. Characteristic events that occur during the harvesting of grain crops, both within a single production unit and the entire agricultural producer are identified. A method for predicting time intervals of use and downtime of combine harvesters of production units has been developed. The roadmap of substantiation the rational seasonal scenario of the use of grain harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers is developed, which allows estimating the efficiency of each of the scenarios of multivariate placement of grain harvesters on fields taking into account influence of natural production and agrometeorological factors on the efficiency of technological cultures. Conclusions 1. Known scientific and methodological approaches to optimization of machine used in agriculture do not take into account the risks of losses of crops due to late harvesting, as well as seasonal natural and agrometeorological conditions of each production unit of the farmer, which requires a new approach to the rational use of rational seasonal combines of large agricultural producers. 2. The developed new approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of the use of combined harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers allows taking into account the costs of harvesting of grain and the cost of the lost crop because of the lateness of harvesting at optimum variants of attraction of additional free combine harvesters. provides more profit. 3. The practical application of the developed road map will allow large-scale agricultural producers to use combine harvesters more efficiently and reduce harvesting costs. Keywords: combine harvesters, use, production divisions, risk, seasonal scenario, large-scale agricultural producers.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
S. Pragati ◽  
S. Kuldeep ◽  
S. Ashok ◽  
M. Satheesh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solid Lipid

One of the situations in the treatment of disease is the delivery of efficacious medication of appropriate concentration to the site of action in a controlled and continual manner. Nanoparticle represents an important particulate carrier system, developed accordingly. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and composed of macromolecular material. Nanoparticles could be polymeric or lipidic (SLNs). Industry estimates suggest that approximately 40% of lipophilic drug candidates fail due to solubility and formulation stability issues, prompting significant research activity in advanced lipophile delivery technologies. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology represents a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are important advancement in this area. The bioacceptable and biodegradable nature of SLNs makes them less toxic as compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Supplemented with small size which prolongs the circulation time in blood, feasible scale up for large scale production and absence of burst effect makes them interesting candidates for study. In this present review this new approach is discussed in terms of their preparation, advantages, characterization and special features.

In silico modeling of cellular probabilistic nanoparticle radiosensitization in head and neck cancers

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 2837-2850
Author(s):  
Myxuan Huynh ◽  
Ivan Kempson ◽  
Eva Bezak ◽  
Wendy Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Deposition ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Background: The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as radiosensitizers may offer a new approach in the treatment of head and neck cancers; minimizing treatment-associated toxicities and improving patient outcomes. AuNPs promote localized dose deposition; permitting improved local control and/or dose reduction. Aim: This work aimed to address the theoretical optimization of radiation doses, fractionation and nanoparticle injection schedules to maximize therapeutic benefits. Materials & methods: Probabilistic nanoparticle sensitization factors were incorporated into the individual cell-based HYP-RT computer model of tumor growth and radiotherapy. Results: Total dose outcomes across all radiation therapy treatment regimens were found to be significantly reduced with the presence of AuNPs, with bi-weekly injections showing the most decrease. Conclusion: Outcomes suggest the need for regular AuNP administration to permit effective radiosensitization.

Modeling Extinction

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Newman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Mass Extinction Events

Developed after a meeting at the Santa Fe Institute on extinction modeling, this book comments critically on the various modeling approaches. In the last decade or so, scientists have started to examine a new approach to the patterns of evolution and extinction in the fossil record. This approach may be called "statistical paleontology," since it looks at large-scale patterns in the record and attempts to understand and model their average statistical features, rather than their detailed structure. Examples of the patterns these studies examine are the distribution of the sizes of mass extinction events over time, the distribution of species lifetimes, or the apparent increase in the number of species alive over the last half a billion years. In attempting to model these patterns, researchers have drawn on ideas not only from paleontology, but from evolutionary biology, ecology, physics, and applied mathematics, including fitness landscapes, competitive exclusion, interaction matrices, and self-organized criticality. A self-contained review of work in this field.

scholarly journals Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angel Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Rural Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rural Restructuring ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Rurality

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.

scholarly journals Individualized Hemodynamic Management in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Marcell Virág ◽  
Tamas Leiner ◽  
Mate Rottler ◽  
Klementina Ocskay ◽  
Zsolt Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Hemodynamic Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hemodynamic Optimization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Insight Into

Hemodynamic optimization remains the cornerstone of resuscitation in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. Delay or inadequate management will inevitably lead to hypoperfusion, tissue hypoxia or edema, and fluid overload, leading eventually to multiple organ failure, seriously affecting outcomes. According to a large international survey (FENICE study), physicians frequently use inadequate indices to guide fluid management in intensive care units. Goal-directed and “restrictive” infusion strategies have been recommended by guidelines over “liberal” approaches for several years. Unfortunately, these “fixed regimen” treatment protocols neglect the patient’s individual needs, and what is shown to be beneficial for a given population may not be so for the individual patient. However, applying multimodal, contextualized, and personalized management could potentially overcome this problem. The aim of this review was to give an insight into the pathophysiological rationale and clinical application of this relatively new approach in the hemodynamic management of septic patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document