scholarly journals A possible case of Gigantism and/or Acromegaly in a 15th-17th century woman from Đurine Ćelije, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Maja Miljević Đajić
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Organ Systems

Endocrine disorders during growth and development that occur due to the secretion of excessive growth hormones are very rare in archaeological and modern populations. The human skeletal remains analyzed in this paper belong to an unusually tall woman, approximately 35-40 years of age, buried at the Đurine ćelije site (15th-17th century) in Serbia, who may have suffered from overgrowth syndrome. Individuals with this condition have an unusually tall stature and accompanying pathological changes related to organ systems and joint diseases. The aim of this paper is to show how the aforementioneddisorder affected the health status of an individual (grave No. 7a) and the performance of daily activities, but also the attitude of the community towards deformities during life and after death. Differential diagnosis was performed since otherdiseases tend to lead to similar skeletal changes. During the analysis, changes in growth were noticed, and her stature was determined to be 186.42 cm. Compared to the documented stature of post-medieval population from this period, theskeletal remains show a significant deviation from the average, especially when it comes to female individuals. Other pathological changes observed in this woman are osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathy, and periosteal new bone formation.

scholarly journals The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvie Loufouma Mbouaka ◽  
Michelle Gamble ◽  
Christina Wurst ◽  
Heidi Yoko Jäger ◽  
Frank Maixner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
Capture Sequencing

AbstractAlthough malaria is one of the oldest and most widely distributed diseases affecting humans, identifying and characterizing its presence in ancient human remains continue to challenge researchers. We attempted to establish a reliable approach to detecting malaria in human skeletons using multiple avenues of analysis: macroscopic observations, rapid diagnostic tests, and shotgun-capture sequencing techniques, to identify pathological changes, Plasmodium antigens, and Plasmodium DNA, respectively. Bone and tooth samples from ten individuals who displayed skeletal lesions associated with anaemia, from a site in southern Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD), were selected. Plasmodium antigens were detected in five of the ten bone samples, and traces of Plasmodium aDNA were detected in six of the twenty bone and tooth samples. There was relatively good synchronicity between the biomolecular findings, despite not being able to authenticate the results. This study highlights the complexity and limitations in the conclusive identification of the Plasmodium parasite in ancient human skeletons. Limitations regarding antigen and aDNA preservation and the importance of sample selection are at the forefront of the search for malaria in the past. We confirm that, currently, palaeopathological changes such as cribra orbitalia are not enough to be certain of the presence of malaria. While biomolecular methods are likely the best chance for conclusive identification, we were unable to obtain results which correspond to the current authentication criteria of biomolecules. This study represents an important contribution in the refinement of biomolecular techniques used; also, it raises new insight regarding the consistency of combining several approaches in the identification of malaria in past populations.

Obesity

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-252
Author(s):  
Gary Butler ◽  
Jeremy Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Monogenic Disorders ◽  
Dysmorphic Features ◽  
Significant Impairment

• Obesity is defined as: ‘An excess of body fat frequently resulting in a significant impairment of health and longevity’. • In most cases obesity is not due to an underlying endocrine disorder, although it may produce endocrine morbidity such as type 2 diabetes. • Although there are a number of different methods to assess overweight and obesity, the most common is body mass index (BMI): weight (kg)/height (m)2. • Classification is: • primary: exogenous or ‘simple’ obesity • secondary: ■ identified genetic syndromes, e.g. Prader–Willi, Bardet–Biedl, pseudohypoparathyroidism ■ monogenic disorders, e.g. leptin deficiency, leptin/melanocortin receptor defects ■ CNS disease, e.g. hypothalamic obesity ■ endocrine disorders, e.g. hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, precocious puberty ■ immobility, e.g. cerebral palsy ■ iatrogenic. • Generally, children with obesity which is: • primary often have a family history, tall stature, advanced bone age, and no dysmorphic features • secondary often have short stature, delayed bone age, dysmorphic features, and developmental delay. • Complications of obesity are multisystem: metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal/hepatic, orthopaedic, neurological, dermatological, gynaecological, and psychological. • Therapy is aimed at modifiable factors restoring the balance between energy intake (e.g. dietary) and expenditure (e.g. exercise), and preferably a combination of both along with counselling and behaviour modification. There is currently only limited data on the benefits of pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery.

Rheumatological manifestations of endocrine disorders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Gerry Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rheumatological Manifestations

There is considerable overlap of musculoskeletal manifestations of both rheumatological and endocrine disorders. Apart for the well-described autoimmune basis governing the aetiopathogenesis of clinical states pertaining to specific conditions affecting both systems, there is more recent evidence on the overlapping biology and genetics of these organ systems. Not uncommonly, endocrine manifestations can herald the initial presentation of rheumatological illnesses and the converse holds true for endocrinopathies. Rheumatologists and physicians alike need to be astutely aware of this overlap of symptomatology and also the physiology linking both groups of clinical conditions. This review discusses the common endocrine presentations associated with rheumatic illnesses in relation to newer information gleaned from population studies, genetic studies, and clinical presentations. A comprehensive list of rheumatological conditions found in endocrine states is also tabulated at the end.

Microscopical Focal Destruction (Tunnels) in Exhumed Human Bones

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Physico Chemical

This is a survey of microscopical focal destruction in exhumed human bones from several countries and burial times. The single change (destruction) seen in these bones contrasts with the sequence of changes in pathological processes (destruction, cellular infiltration, new bone formation and healing). The absence of cells stresses the importance of size and shape, in three dimensions, and contents of the destructive foci. Focal mineral redeposition (e.g. cuffing) is characteristic of most forms of tunnels, and is usually associated with focal loss of mineral and bone matrix, partial or whole. In one kind of foci/tunnels (Wedl's) redeposition is restricted to packed osteons. The accumulation of the waste products of the invading organism in the surrounding tissue may hinder or stop the growth of the organism and consequential bone destruction. Later the redeposited mineral may be leached out and the bone thus ‘returned to normal’ will allow further growth of the invader and renewed destruction. Desiccation after exhumation soon ‘fixes’ the redeposited mineral. Mineral redeposition is never found in pathological changes. Examination of transverse and longitudinal sections together with the comparison of the changes in the mid-zone of cortical bone with those in the inner and outer zones is helpful in understanding the progress of the changes. No invasion by organisms of the lamellar tissue from the osteon canals was seen although this must be the rule. The tunnels in bones and teeth are compared, and show that the contents are, with one exception, not related to any anatomical structure. There is only destruction, and no new bone can be laid down in these postmortem changes. One kind of focus/tunnel does not change into or overlap another. The results of experimental burials in garden soils were indecisive. Four kinds of such well-defined changes are described, but the examination of specimens from a wider range of provenances will almost certainly reveal others and may call for modifications of the conclusions of this paper. The cause of these changes is yet to be established; it is not physico-chemical, but is probably bacterial or fungal. Although the invasion must proceed from the cortical surfaces via the osteon canals, these canals persist in even the oldest specimens. These foci/tunnels probably occur in buried bones throughout the world where the inhumation environment is favourable. They have been reported from early geological periods, and in this study were found in pterodactyl bones from the Jurassic period about 190 million years ago. Complete packing of exhumed bone tissue with microscopical destructive foci/tunnels can completely obscure the pattern of pathological changes. The application of more sophisticated techniques would contribute to the fuller understanding of these changes and their causes.

scholarly journals Over 20 years of research on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of WULS-SGGW in Warsaw

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 606-612
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zygner ◽  
Olga Gójska-Zygner ◽  
Paweł Górski ◽  
Justyna Bartosik
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia. During over 20 years of studies on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, the researchers have identified the species of the parasite and its vector in Poland, determined the cause of azotemia and observed other pathological changes, such as endocrine disorders, changes in the de Ritis quotient, as well as biochemical and hematological changes. It was shown that the tick Dermacentor reticulatus is the only vector of canine babesiosis in Poland and the disease is caused by Babesia canis (formerly known as Babesia canis canis). The first studies of pathological changes confirmed the results of previous research in other countries, in which the most prevalent changes in canine babesiosis were thrombocytopenia, anemia leucopenia, increased activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Research on azotemia in dogs infected with B. canis showed the contribution of TNF-α overproduction to hypotension and its influence on renal ischemia, hypoxia and the development of azotemia. Moreover, in research on endocrine disorders in canine babesiosis, it was shown that IL-6 overproduction leads to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis resulting in euthyroid sick syndrome, and that secondary hyperaldosteronism results from decreased renal blood flow and leads to hypokalemia. The results of the research were published in 27 original papers, 6 case reports and many review articles in veterinary journals. These studies provided veterinary surgeons in Poland with improved procedures for diagnosing canine babesiosis, as well as allowed them to better understand some pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and to develop more efficacious therapies..

scholarly journals Histo-pathological changes in kidneys in autopsies of flame burns at a tertiary care center in North Western India: an autopsy based study at SMS medical college Jaipur (2015-2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3659
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Mangare ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Punia
Keyword(s):  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Western India ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Organ Systems

Background: Burn injury is associated with an intricate patho-physiological response with rapid involvement of various organ systems and which in turn impact the patient with multisystem disruption. These damages can be attributed to the alteration occurring at the tissue and cellular level leading to the histological changes in the renal tissue.Methods: The main aim of this study was to document the histo-pathological changes in kidneys of fatal cases of flame burns. This study was hospital based observational descriptive study carried out at mortuary of SMS medical college and attached hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India to study and document the histo-pathological changes in the fatal cases due to flame burns.Results: In this study, most common histo-pathological finding in kidneys was cloudy degeneration followed by congestion. Acute tubular necrosis of proximal convoluted necrosis was most commonly observed during 3 to 7 days of mortality (18 cases) followed by mortality during 0 to 48 hours. Acute tubular necrosis of distal convoluted tubules was most commonly observed during 3 to 7 days followed by mortality during 0 to 48 hours.Conclusions: This study revealed that cloudy degeneration and acute tubular necrosis were the hallmark changes in burn patients which were most prominent at 3-7 days after sustaining burn injuries. This reflects the role of immediate management provided to the patient during this period with timely and effective fluid restoration and it possibly will change the prognosis of patients.

Rheumatological manifestations of endocrine disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 1457-1465
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Gerry Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rheumatological Manifestations

There is considerable overlap of musculoskeletal manifestations of both rheumatological and endocrine disorders. Apart for the well-described autoimmune basis governing the aetiopathogenesis of clinical states pertaining to specific conditions affecting both systems, there is more recent evidence on the overlapping biology and genetics of these organ systems. Not uncommonly, endocrine manifestations can herald the initial presentation of rheumatological illnesses and the converse holds true for endocrinopathies. Rheumatologists and physicians alike need to be astutely aware of this overlap of symptomatology and also the physiology linking both groups of clinical conditions. This review discusses the common endocrine presentations associated with rheumatic illnesses in relation to newer information gleaned from population studies, genetic studies, and clinical presentations. A comprehensive list of rheumatological conditions found in endocrine states is also tabulated at the end.

scholarly journals Endocrine and metabolic consequences of surgical interventions in uterine myoma: pathogenetic characteristic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Lali. I. Chaava ◽  
Ekaterina I. Kakhiani ◽  
Vasiliy N. Tsygan ◽  
Alexey N. Drygin ◽  
Maria A. Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uterine Myoma ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Uterine Myomas ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Organ Systems

This paper presents analysis results of the research on endocrine and metabolic disorders in women who underwent surgery interventions for uterine myomas. Uterine myoma is one of the most common gynecological diseases. Main types of surgical interventions to treat uterine myomas are: hysterectomy, which is an organ-removing operation with various volume of surgical intervention: supravaginal amputation or extirpation of the uterus. Another type is myomectomy — an organ-preserving operation — when myoma nodes are removed, but the uterus and ovaries are preserved if they have no pathology. Removal of the uterus with appendages or without ovaries results in a decreasing production of estrogens, which play a key role in regulation of metabolism and various functions of the body systems. Estrogen deficiency, occurring after hysterectomy, deprives patients of a comprehensive protective effect of female sex hormones in all types of metabolism and normal functioning of organ systems. Hypoestrogenemia leads to development of a post-hysterectomy syndrome that comes out in early development of atherosclerosis, circulatory diseases, osteoporosis, psychological status disorders and urogenital disorders. Hypoestrogenemia is a key link in the pathogenesis of endocrine and metabolic disorders after hysterectomy. Endocrine disorders can be found at almost all levels of the regulatory and executive axis of the endocrine system. So far, hormonal function of the peripheral endocrine glands after myomectomy has been poorly studied. Currently available publications give no data on endocrine and metabolic disorders in patients after the myomectomy.

scholarly journals Paleopathological analysis of changes on animal bones originating from archaeological sites Caricin Grad and Studenica Monastery

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Nemanja Markovic ◽  
Oliver Stevanovic ◽  
Darko Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This work presents the estimation of incidence and analysis of paleopathological changes on skeletal remains of the animals from archaeological sites Caricin Grad and Studenica Monastery. Moreover, there has been carried out the assessment of the skeletal elements, as well as taxonomic and age determination. The total of 2595 bones or bone fragments were examined. In 22 specimens there were noticed various abnormal skeletal changes in following animal species: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, donkeys and camels. Pathological changes were noticed on the teeth, mandibles, joints of long bones and phalanxes. By macroscopic analysis of these acquired pathological changes on bones of the animals, there was determined that the observed lesions had had proliferative, hypertrophic and chronic character. Proliferative changes on the bones of the cattle, horses, donkeys and camels point out to the fact that these animals were used for towing and/or load carrying. Identified diseases of oral cavity in small ruminants point out to improper and inadequate nutrition of these animals in the past.

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