scholarly journals Liderazgos interculturales en América Latina: desigualdades persistentes y resistencias comunitarias, como alternativas durante la pandemia de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-87
Author(s):  
Teodora De Sousa ◽  
Juan Paillafil Calfulen ◽  
Rossana Mejía ◽  
Jeiser Suárez ◽  
Serafina Espinoza ◽  
...  

La desigualdad socioeconómica en América Latina ha modelado múltiples dinámicas de la vida social en la región. Actualmente, estas se han visto intensificadas en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19, generando graves consecuencias sociales, económicas y sanitarias, con efectos diferenciados para las mujeres, las comunidades étnicas y los territorios rurales a lo largo de la región. Frente a ello, se relatan en el presente artículo cinco experiencias de liderazgo en comunidades étnicas de distintos países de América Latina; experiencias que, desde propuestas alternativas de resistencia comunitaria, han formulado iniciativas para la contención del virus y la crisis socioeconómica que sus comunidades han padecido en este contexto. Intercultural leaderships in Latin America: durable inequalities and alternative community resistances during the pandemic of COVID-19 Abstract: Socioeconomical inequality in Latin America, has shaped multiple dynamics of the social life in the region. Nowadays, these have been intensified in the frame of the pandemic of COVID-19, generating severe social, economic, and sanitary consequences, with differentiated effects for women, ethnic communities, and rural territories in the region. As a result, in this article, there will be related five leadership experiences among ethnic communities of diverse Latin American countries; from where there has been constructed alternative solutions of community resistance, to contain the virus and the socioeconomical crisis that their communities have hold within the present context. Key words: inequality, interculturality, community leadership, social resistance, pandemic.

1969 ◽  
pp. 89-128
Author(s):  
Carlos Agudelo

Este trabajo quiere hacer una contribución a los estudios sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los afrodescendientes. Contiene una revisión no exhaustiva de documentación de dos fuentes fundamentales: organismos multilaterales y organizaciones afrodescendientes. Esta problemática está inserta en una crisis estructural anterior a la pandemia. Finalmente, se llama la atención sobre una especie de consenso en los diagnósticos acerca de los impactos negativos de la pandemia y de sus raíces en problemas estructurales de desigualdad, racismo y exclusión. La paradoja es la brecha entre la justeza de estos discursos y la implementación práctica de soluciones. Alternativas esbozadas por movimientos afrodescendientes se ubican en el terreno de la lucha política y de la confluencia con otros sectores que plantean un necesario cambio de modelo de sociedad. Intercultural leaderships in Latin America: durable inequalities and alternative community resistances during the pandemic of COVID-19. Abstract: Socioeconomical inequality in Latin America, has shaped multiple dynamics of the social life in the region. Nowadays, these have been intensified in the frame of the pandemic of COVID-19, generating severe social, economic, and sanitary consequences, with differentiated effects for women, ethnic communities, and rural territories in the region. As a result, in this article, there will be related five leadership experiences among ethnic communities of diverse Latin American countries; from where there has been constructed alternative solutions of community resistance, to contain the virus and the socioeconomical crisis that their communities have hold within the present context. Key words: inequality, interculturality, community leadership, social resistance, pandemic.  


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śniadecka-Kotarska

The article was originally published without an abstract, short summary by Michal Gilewski The article studies what is causing women to join guerillas in Latin America. The participation of women in such militant groups started with the leftist guerillas of the second half of the 20th century. The article describes different backgrounds and different reasons for the women to join armed struggle groups. It also describes how women functioned in the social, ideological and biological dimensions of guerillas. Śniadecka-Kotarska suggests that, although the guerilla movement failed to achieve its goals of socio-political transformation of Latin American societies, it made an important contribution to the emancipation of women in these societies.  


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Roberto Álvarez San Martín

Resumen: A partir de cifras y hechos planteados por PNUD, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW sobre la participación política de las mujeres, se realiza una revisión de los debates, aplicaciones y efectos de las cuotas electorales de género en América latina. Se toman en cuenta las diferentes barreras que deben sortear las mujeres en la arena política, y se analizan la definición, alcances y argumentos en pro y en contra de las cuotas electorales de género. Se analiza este mecanismo a partir de los casos de Argentina y Costa Rica, los más exitosos en términos de resultados; mientras México evidencia el impacto incremental de las cuotas en la representación femenina, Perú pone en evidencia la influencia de la fuerte tradición presidencialista. Brasil es un caso paradigmático, que representaría el fracaso de las cuotas de género. Se concluye que, salvo Argentina, las otras democracias sólo han podido acelerar el proceso de inclusión real de mujeres en los procesos eleccionarios, pero sin que los resultados sean realmente compatibles con lo esperado. Las mujeres latinoamericanas, con cuotas o sin ellas, siguen estando sub-representadas en los espacios de participación política.Palabras clave: Participación política femenina, cuotas electorales de género, mecanismos de representación política.Abstract: On the basis of data and facts put forth by UN, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW about the political participation of women, this article analyzes the debates about the application and effects of electoral gender quotas in Latin America. The barriers to women’s political participation are taken into account, analyzing the definition, reach and arguments for and against gender quotas. The cases of Argentina and Costa Rica, the most successful in results, are analyzed. While Mexico shows the increased impact of quotas, Peru makes evident the influence of the strong presidential tradition. Brazil is a paradigmatic case, representing the failure of gender quotes. In conclusion, save for Argentina, other democracies have only accelerated the process of women’s inclusion in election processes, but without results compatible with expectations. Latin American women, with out without quotas, are underrepresented in the spaces of political participation.Key words: feminine political participation, electoral gender quotas, mechanisms of political representation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Ramos

El tema del aborto en la región latinoamericana ha venido ocupando un lugar importante y creciente en el quehacer académico, el debate público y, en particular, en las agendas y políticas públicas desde hace más de dos décadas. La excelente y reciente publicación del Consorcio Latinoamericano contra el Aborto Inseguro (clacai), Investigación sobre aborto en América Latina y el Caribe. Una agenda renovada para informar políticas públicas e incidencia, cuyo resumen ejecutivo se presenta a continuación, nos ofrece un conocimiento riguroso y sólido de la evidencia científica de que se dispone en la región sobre este tema en el periodo de 2009 al 2014; con base en éste, nos propone los ejes temáticos prioritarios que deben ser indagados en el futuro inmediato. Sin duda esta publicación representa un insumo altamente valorizado que contribuye a comprender y difundir la situación del aborto en la región, sus causas, las consecuencias y los obstáculos que las mujeres enfrentan en su decisión de interrumpir su embarazo, así como las posturas de los diversos actores sociales que están a favor o en contra de la despenalización del aborto y las acciones que en los ámbitos institucionales, privados y públicos, influyen y participan en este proceso; dichos aspectos también están presentes en el debate público en numerosos países de otras regiones.AbstractThe issue of abortion in Latin America has occupied an increasingly important place in academic work and public debate, particularly in agendas and public policies, for over two decades. The recent excellent publication by the Latin American Consortium against Unsafe Abortion (clacai), Investigación sobre aborto en América Latina y el Caribe. Una agenda renovada para informar políticas públicas e incidencia, whose executive summary is presented below, provides a detailed account of the scientific evidence available in the region on this topic in the period from 2009 to 2014. On the basis of the latter, it proposes thematic priorities that should be investigated in the near future. This publication is an extremely valuable input that contributes to understanding and disseminating the status of abortion in the region, its causes and consequences and the obstacles women face in their decision to terminate their pregnancies. It also details the positions of the various stakeholders for or against the legalization of abortion and actions in the institutional, private and public spheres that influence and participate in this process. These aspects are also present in the public debate in many countries in other regions. 


KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Roberto Viciano Pastor ◽  
Rubén Martínez Dalmau

Crisis del Estado Social en Europa: efectos en la generación del constitucionalismo social en América Latina Resumen: En Europa el Estado social se está erosionando frente a una sociedad que por un lado está perdiendo la motivación, mientras que por otro intenta resistir. Fruto de la debilidad de las disposiciones del constitucionalismo social, el modelo europeo de Estado social experimenta un proceso de transformación del que puede salir absolutamente erosionado, o puede superarse a sí mismo a través de más democracia, una Constitución más normativa y la plena exigibilidad de los derechos sociales. En América Latina, la falta histórica de experimentación plena del Estado social ha sido determinante en la aparición desde finales del siglo XX de nuevas Constituciones democráticas. Estas tienen ante sí el reto, nada fácil, de construir un modelo propio de Estado social adecuado a las necesidades de las sociedades latinoamericanas. En este contexto, el objeto del presente trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la construcción constitucional y evolución del Estado social en Europa y en América Latina, y explicar por qué en Europa podemos referirnos a una crisis del Estado social, mientras que en América Latina asistimos a diversos intentos de generación de un modelo propio de Estado social basado, en algunos países, en nuevos textos constitucionales que tienden hacia la superación de los modelos comparados de constitucionalismo social. En el primer apartado se analizan las razones de la crisis del Estado social en Europa y los retos hacia su superación. En el segundo apartado desarrollamos la problemática latinoamericana en la construcción de su propio modelo de constitucionalismo social, para concluir con el análisis conjunto de las dos experiencias. Palabras clave: Constitucionalismo democrático. Derechos sociales; Estado social; Normatividad constitucional. Nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Crisis of welfare state in Europe: effects on the generation of the social constitutionalism in Latin America Abstract: The European Welfare State is falling; a part of the society is losing motivation, while the other part tries to resist. As a result of the weakness of the provisions of social constitutionalism, the European model of welfare state undergoes a transformation process with two alternatives: be finished, or be strengthened with more democracy, a more normative Constitution, and full guarantees for social rights. In Latin America, the historical lack of full experience of the Welfare state has been decisive in the appearance of new democratic Constitutions since the end of the 20th century. These Constitutions have the challenge, not easy, to construct a model of social state adequate to the needs of Latin American societies. In this context, the object of the present work is to analyze the differences in the constitutional construction and evolution of the social State in Europe and Latin America, and to explain why in Europe we can refer to a crisis of the social State, while in Latin America we attend to various attempts to generate a model of social state based, in some countries, on new constitutional texts that tend towards overcoming the comparative models of social constitutionalism. In the first section we analyze the reasons for the crisis of the social State in Europe and the challenges to overcome it. In the second section we develop the Latin American problematic in the construction of its own model of social constitutionalism, to conclude with the joint analysis of the two experiences. Keywords: Constitutional normativity. Democratic constitutionalism. New Latin American constitutionalism. Social rights. Welfare State.


2018 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mariana Alvarado

Junturas teóricas para los feminismos del SurTheoretical junctures for the Southern feminismsJunções teóricas para os feminismos do Sul Resumen:El escrito invita a transitar las formas en las que el feminismo ha sido historiado, para detenerse en las aportaciones dispersas y discontinuas del feminismo  latinoamericano como teoría política y filosofía práctica. Situadas las mujeres en el sur, es posible advertir los recorridos díscolos del movimiento de mujeres/feministas en Latinoamérica, en ese borde impreciso que presenta la juntura academia/activismo, institucionales/autónomas, técnicas del género/militantes, lugares de indagación en los que mujeres desobedientes han gestado epistemologías alteradoras. ¿Cuáles han sido los desplazamientos caminados por las teóricas feministas de Nuestra América? ¿Cómo se traman esos re-comienzos? ¿Han sido las mismas nuestras precariedades, nuestras afecciones condicionantes? ¿De qué luchas hemos sido eco? ¿Cómo acoplan modernidad/ilustración/emancipación en nuestras coordenadas? ¿Subalternas y marginadas en las mismas opresiones? ¿Qué mujeres en cuáles territorios? Lo que sigue en este artículo es apenas un mapa para reconocer –al modo de un estado de situación– las trazas en el territorio y disponer de una red de sentidos y categorías que configuren el campo de la teoría para los feminismos del sur. Abstract:This paper invites to go through the ways in which feminism has been historized, to observe the dispersed and discontinuous contributions of Latin American feminism as political theory and practical philosophy. With women located in the South, it is possible to see the unruly paths of women/feminist movement in Latin America, in that vague edge presented by the relations between academic/activism, institutional/autonomous, gender/militant techniques, places of inquiry in which Disobedient women have developed altering epistemologies. What have been the paths made by the feminist theorists of Our America? How are these new beginnings plotted? Our precariousness, our conditions have been the same? What struggles have we echoed? How do modernity/illustration/ emancipation couple in our coordinates? Subaltern and marginalized in the same oppressions? What women in which territories? What follows in this article is just a map to recognize traces in the territory -as a state of affairs- and to have a network of meanings and categories configuring the theory field for Southern feminisms. Resumo:O escrito convida a transitar as formas nas que o feminismo tem sido historiado, para deter-se nas contribuições dispersas e descontínuas do feminismo latino-americano como teoria política e filosofia prática. Situadas as mulheres no sul, é possível advertir os percursos díscolos do movimento de mulheres/feministas na América Latina, nessa margem imprecisa que apresenta a junção academia/ativismo, institucionais/autônomas, técnicas do gênero/militantes, lugares de indagação no que mulheres desobedientes têm gestado epistemologias alteradoras. Quais têm sido os deslocamentos caminhados pelas teóricas feministas de Nossa América? Como se tramam esses recomeços? Têm sido as mesmas nossas precariedades, nossas afeições condicionantes? De que lutas temos sido eco? Como acoplam modernidade/ilustração/emancipação em nossas coordenadas? Subalternas e marginadas nas mesmas opressões? Que mulheres em quais territórios? O que se segue neste artigo é apenas um mapa para reconhecer –ao modo de um estado de situação–as linhas no território e dispor de uma rede de sentidos e categorias que configurem o campo da teoria para os feminismos do sul.


Author(s):  
Luísa Lagoeiro Ferreira

A mulher, através dos séculos, foi privada da construção de um discurso próprio e submetida a gerações e gerações de discursos distorcidos e sexistas. À medida que a mulher passa a conquistar seu espaço e seu direito à expressão, ela se desloca dentro do ambiente social e se retira do lugar de passividade e submissão. Considerando que a presença da mulher na dramaturgia faz parte desse processo, nossa pesquisa se propôs a analisar como a temática feminina é apresentada dentro da dramaturgia latino-americana na década de 1990, a partir do lugar de enunciação da própria mulher. Para tal, propusemo-nos a analisar seis textos dramáticos escritos por mulheres na América Latina. As autoras escolhidas foram: a argentina, Griselda Gambaro; a chilena Inés Margarita Stranger; e a portuguesa, radicada no Brasil, Maria Adelaide Amaral.Abstract Women, over the centuries, have been denied the construction of their own speech and submitted to generations and generations of distorted and sexists speeches. As they conquest their space and their right of expression, they move inside of the social environment and gets out of the passivity and submission place. Considering the female presence in the dramaturgy as a part of this process, our research proposes to analyze how the female thematic is presented inside the dramaturgy in Latin America in the 1990’s, from the women point of view. For this intent, we propose to analyze six dramatics texts written by three Latin American women. The chosen writers are the Argentinean Griselda Gambaro; the Chilean Inés Margarita Stranger; and the Portuguese one, rooted in Brazil, Maria Adelaide Amaral.


Author(s):  
Rubén Sánchez-Perdomo ◽  
Marinelsy Rosario-Sierra ◽  
Darlenis Herrera-Vallejera ◽  
Yaniris Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Humberto Carrillo-Calvet

La bibliometría se ha utilizado para la evaluación de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento, con el objetivo de definir políticas de evaluación a los investigadores, así como definir líneas de investigación. Las ciencias aplicadas generalmente han sido las más estudiadas, no obstante, se conoce que el caso de las ciencias sociales tiene un comportamiento diferente. Por ello esta investigación describe el comportamiento bibliométrico de la temática Ciencias de la Información en América Latina y el Caribe; teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones de la producción científica, el impacto, la colaboración y la evaluación bibliométrica a nivel individual. Se utilizó para el análisis bibliométrico de los artículos científicos elaborados en la base de datos Scopus; en el periodo 2008-2012 en relación con la materia de Ciencias de la Información. Para el procesamiento y visualización de los datos, se utilizaron los programas Ucinet y Bibexcel, respectivamente. Se determinó que los investigadores de América Latina tienen el hábito de publicar sus resultados de investigación en revistas regionales. Aunque la colaboración nacional es predominante, Europa es el continente que estableció una cooperación más estrecha con América Latina. Brasil se destacó en las dimensiones de la producción, el impacto y la colaboración. La mayor influencia en la comunidad científica se obtuvo con las revistas de alto factor de impacto. Se concluye que se debe fortalecer la cultura de la publicación por parte de los investigadores de la región en revistas internacionales.AbstractBibliometrics was used to evaluate the different areas of knowledge, with the aim of defining policies for evaluation researchers and define lines of research. The applied sciences have generally been the most studied, however it is known that the case of the social sciences have a different behavior. That is why this research describes the behavior of the subject bibliometric Information Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean; taking into account the dimensions of scientific production, impact, collaboration and bibliometric assessment at the individual level. Bibliometric analysis from scientific papers processed in the Scopus database; in the period 2008 to 2012 related to the subject area of Information Sciences were used as techniques. For processing and displaying was used the Bibexcel and the Ucinet programs. It was determined that Latin American researchers have the habit of publishing their research results in regional magazines. Although national collaboration is predominantly, Europe is the continent which established closer cooperation with Latin America. Brazil stood out in the dimensions of production, impact and collaboration. The greatest influence on the scientific community was obtained with the journals of high impact factor. It is concluded that should strengthen the culture of publication by researchers from the region in international journals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aparecida Leite Toffanetto Seabra Eiras ◽  
Maria Carmelita Yazbek ◽  
Cláudia Mônica dos Santos

Resumo − Este artigo constitui-se como parte da pesquisa O Movimento de Reconceituação do Serviço Social na América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Colômbia): determinantes históricos, interlocuções internacionais e memória. Nossa ênfase circunscreve-se a Portugal, Espanha, EUA e Canadá (1960-1980). Desse modo, pretendemos identificar as referências teórico-metodológicas do Serviço Social nesse período, em seus nexos com os “movimentos contestatórios” e com o “movimento de reconceituação latino-americano” (MRLA).  Indagamos acerca da relação entre o MRLA e o Serviço Social crítico e/ou radical, considerando suas particularidades, antecedentes, expressões e desdobramentos. Apresentamos, assim, um panorama econômico, político, social e cultural da conjuntura desses países à época. Apresentamos, ainda, os movimentos do Serviço Social crítico e/ou radical e suas referências ético-políticas e teórico-metodológicas, as quais os distinguem do Serviço Social tradicional. Por fim, indicamos, quando pertinente, as interlocuções desses movimentos/produções com o MRLA. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; Movimento de Reconceituação latino-americano; movimentos contestatórios na Europa ibera e na América do Norte.  Abstract − This article is part of the research “The Movement of Reconceptualization of Social Work in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia): historical determinants, international interlocutions and memory.” Our emphasis is limited to Portugal, Spain, USA and Canada (1960-1980). In this research we intend to identify the theoretical-methodological references of social work in this period, in its links with the social contestation movements and with the Latin American reconceptualization movement (MRLA). We inquire about the relationship between the MRLA and the critical and radical social work, considering its particularities, antecedents, expressions and aftereffects. In this article, we present an economic, political, social and cultural panorama of the conjuncture of these countries at the time. We also present the movements of critical and radical social work and both their ethical-political and theoretical-methodological references, which distinguish them from traditional social work and indicate, when pertinent, the interlocutions of these movements and productions with the MRLA.Keywords: social work; Latin American reconceptualization movement; social contestation in Iberian Europe and North America.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carênina Albuquerque Ximenes ◽  
Helena Maria Albuquerque Ximenes ◽  
Ana Angélica Mathias Macedo ◽  
Fernando Mendes

Abstract Background The pandemic drove the women to domestic tasks overload added by unpaid care activities that must be conciliated with their paid job. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the degree of the Objectives for Sustainable Development (ODS) Goal 5 performance that deals with gender inequality in the European Union (EU) and Latin America & Caribbean (LAC), due to their contrasts in the pandemic combat public policies and the social wealth constraints. Methods The study used a qualitative and exploratory methodology. The data were obtained from the European Institute for Gender Equality, UN Women, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Social Science Latin-American Conseil. Results In LAC women work three times more than men per day, considering the domestic tasks and the unpaid care activities, they also account for 72.8% of the health professionals receiving 25% less than men. The primary health assistance increase for women as well as the recording of domestic violence cases. In the EU the majority of health and care workers are also women, 76% and 86%, respectively. There, these women also receive less than men (6.5%), presenting excessive workload and life risk. Conclusions Impacting differences were observed on the gender inequality worsening in both studied regions after the pandemic beginning. It is urgent the establishment of proper public policies to minimize the excess of obligations on the women during the pandemic and to realign the ODS goal n° 5 in these regions.


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