scholarly journals Effect of Oxytocin on the Body Weight of Male Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Areej A. Mohammed ◽  
Aisha F. Bonaama ◽  
Souad A. M. Moftah ◽  
Ameerah T. Ramadhan ◽  
Abdulsalam M. A. Bolhaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Food Consumed

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of two different doses of oxytocin on weight. Adult male rabbits (15) were weighed and provided with food twice daily for 3 weeks to determine the amount of food consumed daily and the time spent feeding by each rabbit.  After 3 weeks the rabbits were weighed and divided randomly into 3groups: the control group, the low dose group, and the high dose group. The animals were injected daily for 3 weeks. During that time the amount of food consumed and the time spent feeding in both periods were determined. After the end of the treatment period the rabbits were weighed, and sacrificed. The results of this study showed that before treatment the rabbits consumed more food in the evening period than they did in the afternoon period. The mean time spent feeding in the evening period was slightly higher than that spent in the afternoon period; however, this difference was not statistically significant. After treatment, there was still significant difference between the means of the consumed food in the afternoon and the evening period for the control group. The mean amounts of food consumed in both periods by the treated groups were slightly reduced, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the mean time spent feeding in the evening period was slightly higher than that of the afternoon period for the 3 groups; however, these differences were not significant. The mean weight of the control group was slightly increased after treatment with the hormone; and the mean weights of the treated groups were slightly reduced after treatment. However, changes in body weighs were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tao Hong ◽  
Long-Xue Li ◽  
Xiao-ping Han ◽  
Jing-liang Shi ◽  
Cai-yun Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612094529
Author(s):  
Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka ◽  
Zainab Yaseen AlJaziri ◽  
Cereen Fahad Almulhim ◽  
Asma Saleh Aldrees ◽  
Zainab Hamzah AlShakhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4 groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg (normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg (high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could reflect in changes in body weight.

High-Dose Glucocorticoids Inhibit Proliferation of Rat Olfactory Epithelium

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 909-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Ohta ◽  
Nobuko Marino ◽  
Minako Takanosawa ◽  
Shinichi Ishimoto ◽  
Chiori Matumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly prescribed for treatment of olfactory dysfunction. However, the effects of GCs on olfactory epithelium are not well known. We investigated the effects of high-dose GCs on proliferating cells of olfactory epithelium. Five adult male rats (300 g) received a single daily subcutaneous dose of vehicle containing 0.3 mg dexamethasone (DEX) for 9 days (DEX+ group), and a control group received vehicle alone (DEX– group). We compared sections from the Two groups for numbers of Ki67-positive cells. The mean number of Ki67-positive cells per 500 olfactory epithelial cells was 9.6 for the DEX+ group and 58 for the DEX– group (significant difference). We conclude that high-dose GC suppressed proliferation of olfactory epithelium. We suggest that high-dose GC suppresses cytokines and growth factors, resulting in secondary suppression of proliferating ability.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of electrocardiographic effects of different doses of medetomidine and xylazine in calf-camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Samimi ◽  
E. Sakhaee ◽  
F. Iranmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses

This experimental, prospective, randomised, and blinded study aimed to perform comparative evaluation of electrocardiographic (ECG) effects of different doses xylazine and medetomidine in dromedary calves after intravenous (IV) administration. A total of twenty five clinically and paraclinically healthy male dromedary calves aged 15±2 weeks and weighing 95±5.5 kg were assigned randomly to five different groups (four experimental and one control). Groups XL and XH received a low (0.2 mg kg-1) and high (0.4 mg kg-1) dose of xylazine hydrochloride and groups ML and MH received a low (10 µg kg-1) and high (20 µg kg-1) dose of medetomidine hydrochloride once, IV. Finally, the control group (C) received normal saline in the same manner. ECG indices were evaluated on post treatment 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min, and 24 h. There was no significant difference in heart rate (HR) in all experimental groups at T90. HR was significantly lower after high doses than after low doses of medetomidine and xylazine at T120. HR was significantly lower in XH than in other groups of study at T24. At T90 QRS amplitude in XH was statistically lower than in control and XL groups. Analysis of P wave duration revealed that in MH and XH it was significantly longer than in ML, XL and control at T5. Duration of P wave in control group was significantly shorter than in all experimental groups from T10 to T90. RR interval duration was significantly shorter at T5 and T10 in control group compared to experimental groups. At T120, RR interval duration in MH and XH was considerably longer than that in ML, XL, and control. Compared with control group, cardiac arrhythmia scores were significantly lower than in all experimental groups from T5 to T60. At T90 and T120 in MH and XH, cardiac arrhythmia scores were significantly higher than those of XL, ML, and control. According to our findings, using low dose of medetomidine (10 µg kg-1) and xylazine (0.2 mg kg-1) was suggested in comparison with high dose of medetomidine (20 µg kg-1) and xylazine (0.4 mg kg-1) in dromedary calves with cardiac diseases in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Humoral Immunity and Interleukin 18 Receptor 1 in some Patients with Molluscum Contagiosum Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Igg Level

The molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a dermatotropic poxvirus. The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum (MC) is nonlethal, common and worldwide. Additionally, little inflammation is associated with MC papules. The present study aims to evaluate the immune status of MC patients by measuring the level of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM by using the radial immune diffusion assay (RIA) and the level of interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The study is conducted during November 2013 to April, 2014 in outpatient clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital. There are 75 patients, diagnosed with clinical lesions of MCV on different areas of the body, whose age is ranged between 2-50 years including 40(53.3%) males and 35(46.7%) females. The study includes 15 healthy persons age between 2-50 years. The level of IL 18R1 were significantly elevated in patients (677.15±874.22) compared with control (178.46±31.79 ng/ml). There is also a significant elevation in the mean level of serum IgM, where it is 1946.6±825.6 mg/dl while in control group is 140.1±68.7mg/dl. By contrast in patients with lower levels of IgG than the control, the mean serum IgG level in patient is 221.9±96.7 mg/dl while in the control is 1229.9±299.7 mg/dl. Finally, there is no significant difference between MC patients from rural area and urban area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Effect of Exercise on Body Composition in Obese and Overweight

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reshma Shireesha ◽  
Obulesu Obulesu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Aim: To assess the effect of exercise on body composition in obese and overweight. Methods: A total of seventy- two overweight subjects of either gender were enrolled for the study. Two groups were prepared. One group was experimental group (n=36) and the second group was control group (n=36). Parameter such as age, height and weight was recorded. On the basis of variables body mass Index and body fat percentage of every subject was determined. The experiment group were put on aerobic exercises spread over duration of four weeks. Results: The mean height in group I was 163.7 cm and 165.4 cm in group II. Weight was 65.2 kg and 63.5 kgs in group II, BMI (Kg/m2) was 29.4 and 29.1, body fat was 29.3% and 29.6% in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean pre- test BMI was 29.6 and 38.5 and post- test value was 26.4 and 38.9 in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Regular physical activity appears to confer a health benefit to the people. There was a positive relationship between aerobic exercises and overweight women in order to reduce the value of fat in the body.

scholarly journals PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Guo ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Xiaofang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background：Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods：Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results：Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LDand HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion：PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

Synchronization of Estrus by ‘Buck Effect’ and PGF2α Treatment in Surti Does

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chaudhary ◽  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
N. F. Chaudhari ◽  
K. K. Tyagi ◽  
V. B. Kharadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Double Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This investigation was aimed to study the influence of buck and PGF2α treatment on estrus synchronization in Surti does. Apparently healthy non-pregnant Surti does (n=18) were identified from the flock by Ultrasonography. They were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Treatment T1 group were teased with a sexually-active-apronized buck; the does of Treatment T2 group were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice, i.e. on day 0th and 11th, while the does of Control group T3 were kept without any treatment. The behavioural estrus was successfully synchronized by double injection of PGF2α at 11 days apart, as well as by buck effect in T2 and T1 groups, respectively. The induction of estrus was observed cent per cent in all the groups within one month. The mean time intervals between start of treatment and onset of estrus differed significantly between T1 (5.83±2.20 d) and T3 (14.67±2.76 d) groups. However, the mean duration of estrus was 29.83±0.91, 27.50±1.23 and 28.67±1.28 hrs and the mean number of services per conception was found 1.33±0.33, 1.50±0.50 and 1.33±0.33 for T1, T2 and T3 groups of Surti does, respectively, none differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups. There was no significant difference in conception rates at first service amongst the groups (83.33%). The 17 does among 18 does (94.44 %) from all the three groups conceived within three services, irrespective of treatment groups. It was found that the buck effect appeared to be as effective as conventional PGF2α treatment in Surti does for synchronization of estrus

Anti-Fatigue Effect of Ginseng and Acanthopanax Senticosus Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1658-1663
Author(s):  
Li Ping An ◽  
Tan Cheng Li ◽  
Yan Ju Liu ◽  
Xiao Tong Shao ◽  
Meng Chuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acanthopanax Senticosus ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of study was to optimize the extraction process of ginsenosides and investigate the anti-fatigue effect of ginseng and acanthopanax extracts. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process, loading swimming experiment was used to observe the ant-fatigue effect, and BUN, LDH, CK, glycogen, T-SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and LD were taken as the anti-fatigue indeses to be observed. The yield of ginsenoside was 3.8%. The swimming time of mice in the treatment group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the control group (P< 0.05). The hepatic glycogen storage, LDH, GSH-PX and SOD in the treatment groups were obviously increased (P<0.05). Serum MDA and LD levels in the treatment groups were decreased, but no statistical significance compared with those in the control group. The serum BUN was significantly decreased in the middle-dose group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum CK between the treatment groups and the control group.LDH levels in the middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly different from those in the control group. The ginseng and acanthopanax extracts can exert its anti-fatigue effect through increasing the amount of liver glycogen reserve and reducing the damage of negative metabolic products caused by an excessive exercise to the body.

scholarly journals The Accumulation and Metabolism Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Bing Cao ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Changlian Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Different Doses

The current study aims to investigate the influence of five rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd)) on the growth of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and to explore the accumulation characteristics of REEs in tissues and organs with different doses as well as the detoxification and elimination of high-dose REEs. Fifty healthy male SD rats (140~160 g) were randomly divided into five groups and four of them were given gavage of sodium citrate solution with REEs in different doses, one of which was the control group. Hair, blood, and bone samples along with specific viscera tissue samples from the spleen and the liver were collected for detection of REEs by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Treated rats expressed higher concentrations of REEs in the bones, the liver, and spleen samples than the control group (P < 0.05). Few differences were found in relative abundance of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd in the hair and the liver samples, although different administration doses were given. The relative abundance of Ce in bone samples was significantly lower in the low-dose group and control group, whereas the relative abundance of La and Pr in the bone samples were highest among all groups. Although in the REEs solution, which was given to rats in high-dose group, the La element had a higher relative abundance than Ce element, it ended up with higher Ce element relative abundance than La element in the spleen samples. REEs had a hormetic effect on body weight gain of SD rats. The accumulation of the measured REEs were reversible to low concentrations in the blood and hair, but non-reversible in the bones, the spleen, and the liver. Different tissues and organs can selectively absorb and accumulate REEs. Further inter-disciplinary studies about REEs are urgently needed to identify their toxic effects on both ecosystems and organisms.

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