Life Forms and Biological Spectra of the Vegetation of Tarai Region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Anjali Mathur ◽  
Hema Joshi

A study on floristic analysis and ecological assessment of the angiosperm plants in Tarai Region of Kumaun (Uttarakhand) was conducted during the period 2008 to 2011. The study site included Lalkuan (Nainital district) and Kichha tehsil (covering Pantnagar) of district Udham Singh Nagar as these occupy major part of Central Tarai. Total 429 angiospermic plant species were recorded for floristic and ecological analysis during study period. The plant species collected through extensive and intensive explorations were under taken in the study area during different seasons (i.e., summer, rainy, winter and spring) of the year in different ecosystem habitats viz., natural forests, plantations, agro-ecosystem, grassland, savanna, amphibious sites (marsh-meadow), wasteland and road sides. Collected species were classified in different life-forms following Raunkiaer and the biological spectrum for different ecological habitats, viz. natural forest, plantation(s) agro-ecosystem, grassland and for the entire study areas as a whole has been developed.

Topola ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Verica Vasić ◽  
Milan Drekić ◽  
Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik ◽  
Sreten Vasić ◽  
Lazar Kesić ◽  
...  

The paper presents the three years results of ground flora at plot II of cross-border monitoring at Fruška gora. The floristic analysis determined 14 plant species that were classified into 11 families. The most numerous family by number of species is Poaceae. The hemicryptophytic character of the ground flora was determined by the analysis of the biological spectrum. The results of phytogeographic analysis showed the largest share of species from the sub-Mediterranean group of floral elements.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorica Đelic ◽  
◽  
Milan Stankovic ◽  
Biljana Bojovic ◽  
Milica Pavlovic

The paper presents the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of allergenic plants in the urban area of the Kragujevac city. The ecological characteristics of these plants were determined through ecological index and life forms. During the conducted floristic study, the presence of 78 allergenic plants was determined. Half of the recorded allergenic plant species are woody ornamental plant species. Floristic analysis shows that the allergenic plants are from the Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta divisions from 19 families, most commonly conifers and grasses.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514
Author(s):  
B. Adeela ◽  
I. Zafar ◽  
M. S. Ghulam ◽  
H. Manzoor ◽  
U. R. R. Inayat

Field surveys were carried out to evaluate the floristic diversity and biological spectrum of Lower Tanawal, District Abbottabad in different seasons during 2016-2018. This study area was divided into 80 stands on the basis of physiognomy of the vegetation. Life form classes and leaf spectra were classified following Raunkiers methodology. In total, 286 plant species belonging to 86 families were recorded, out of which herbaceous growth form dominated the study area with 187 species, followed by shrub with 54 species. Among all 86 families, Asteraceae was found to be the most dominant family with 25 species, followed by Fabaceae with 24 species and Rosaceae with 20 species. Based on life form classes, Therophytic life form was the leading class with 113 species (39.5104%), followed by Nanophanerophytes with 45 species (15.7342%). In leaf size spectra, Microphylls dominated the flora with 88 species (30.7692%), followed by Mesophyll with 81 species (28.3216%). This study shows the complete floristic composition that may be important as reference work for future ethnobotanical, ecological and conservational studies.


2017 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
ASGHAR KHAN

The plant species of Hazarnoe Forest of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, were evaluated floristically from April 2016 to November 2017. Of the total 240 reported plant species, 38 were monocots, 196 dicots which belongs to 85 families and 188 genera respectively. Poaceae was the leading family contributed 20 species. Family Asteraceae contributed (14 spp.), Lamiaceae (13 spp.) while Papilionaceae and Solanaceae each with 10 species. Of the total plant taxa perennials were 161 species compared to annuals (73 spp.) and biennials (06 spp.). The dominant growth form was herbs that contributed (108 spp.) followed by trees (50spp.) and shrubs (45 spp.) respectively. Phanerophytes were the dominant life-form (92 spp.) whereas leaf size spectrum of microphyll was reported as abundant in the overall floristic. Phanerophytes and microphyll leaf size was the dominant life forms which show typical climate of subtropical region governing the area. Conclusion of study was that the vegetation of the area is under heavy biotic pressure and need proper conservation.


Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. Jha

Nine hundred and forty seven species of vascular plants under 661 genera and 172 families were recorded from Morang district and adjoining areas of Nepal. The genus-species ratio of the vascular plants in general and angiosperms in particular was 1:1.43 and 1:1.44, respectively; and 498 genera of vascular plants were represented by a single species only. On the basis of number of species, Polypodiaceae (11) was the largest family of pteridophytes, and Pinaceae (3) of gymnosperms. Among the angiosperms ten largest families were: Leguminosae (91)>Poaceae (80)> Asteraceae (57)>Euphorbiaceae (31)> Cyperaceae (28)> Rubiaceae(26) > Lamiaceae and Solanaceae (22 each) > Acanthaceae (21)> Orchidaceae (20) > Convolvulaceae (16). The biological spectrum of the study area was phanerotherophytic type. Key words: Conservation, Exotic weeds, Floristic analysis, Life forms, Reproductive seasonsdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.336Our Nature (2005) 3: 63-68


Etnobotanika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Mirjana Smiljić ◽  
◽  
Olivera Papović ◽  
Mrđan Đokić ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
...  

Djavolja Varoš, one of the most atractive natural geological formations of errosive origin in Serbia, is situated in the south of the country, and protected by national legislation as a Natural Monument. The taxonomic and ecological analysis of flora in this area has not been processed yet, so we performed a survey of flora in this locality. Plant species were collected, herbarized, and taxonomic and biological spectrum analyses were conducted. This field study revealed that the vascular flora of the study area was made up of 130 constituent species, which belonged to 81 genera and 41 families. The biological spectrum of the flora is characterised by high presence of hemicryphytes (38%) and geophytes (20%).


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sri Utami ◽  
Agus Ismanto

Defoliator Pest Attack on Monoculture and Agroforestry Planting Patterns of Jabon        Jabon (Anthocephalus spp.) is one of the local plant species in Indonesia that have the potential to be developed in forest plantation as well as for other purposes, such as mined-land reclamation, reforestation and tree shade, because growth is very fast, the ability adaptation on various site conditions and silvicultural treatment is relatively easy. This species is also expected to become increasingly important to the timber industry in the future, especially when the raw material for construction timber from natural forests is to be on the wane. This plant has long time cultivated by society in almost all parts of Indonesia either by monoculture and mixture such as agroforestry. One of the obstacles of this type is their defoliator pests. This study aimed to identify the type of pest defoliator which attacking red Jabon (A. macrophyllus Roxb. Havil) and white Jabon (A. cadamba Miq.) 8 months aged were planted in monoculture or agroforestry (paddy-rice plants). The study was conducted on August to December 2014 in Sumber Mekar Mukti and Sukatani Village, Tanjung Lago Subdistrict, Banyuasin County, South Sumatera Province. The results showed that the types of pests that attack plant red Jabon was Moduza procris Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with an attack percentage of 45.5%. While on the plant, namely white Jabon was Arthroschista hilaralis Walk with an attack percentage of 86%. As for the pattern of agroforestry between red Jabon, white Jabon and rice found only pests of A. hilaralis with an attack percentage of 5%. This shows that agroforestry cropping pattern could suppress pest attack in the plant of Jabon.Key words: pest, red Jabon, white Jabon  ABSTRAK         Jabon (Anthocephalus spp.) merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan lokal Indonesia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam pembangunan hutan tanaman maupun untuk tujuan lainnya, seperti reklamasi lahan bekas tambang, penghijauan dan pohon peneduh, karena pertumbuhannya yang sangat cepat, kemampuan beradaptasinya pada berbagai kondisi tempat tumbuh, serta perlakuan silvikulturnya yang relatif mudah. Jenis ini juga diharapkan menjadi semakin penting bagi industri perkayuan di masa mendatang, terutama ketika bahan baku kayu pertukangan dari hutan alam diperkirakan akan semakin berkurang. Tanaman ini sudah lama dibudidayakan masyarakat hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia baik dengan pola tanam monokultur maupun campuran seperti agroforestri. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya jenis ini yaitu adanya serangan hama defoliator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama defoliator yang menyerang tegakan jabon merah (A. macrophyllus Roxb. Havil) dan jabon putih (A. cadamba Miq.) umur 8 bulan yang ditanam secara monokultur maupun agroforestri (dengan tanaman padi). Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2014 di Desa Sumber Mekar Mukti dan Desa Sukatani, Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis hama defoliator yang menyerang tegakan jabon merah yaitu Moduza procris Cramer (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) dengan persentase serangan sebesar 45,5%. Sedangkan pada tegakan jabon putih yaitu Arthroschista hilaralis Walk dengan persentase serangan sebesar 86%. Adapun pada pola agroforestri antara jabon merah, jabon putih dan padi hanya dijumpai serangan hama A. hilaralis dengan persentase serangan sebesar 5%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pola tanam agroforestri mampu menekan serangan hama pada tegakan jabon.Kata kunci : hama, jabon merah, jabon putih


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-155
Author(s):  
Snežana Jarić ◽  
Zorana Mataruga ◽  
Dimitrije Sekulić ◽  
Marija Pavlović ◽  
Dragana Pavlović ◽  
...  

The main aim of the conducted research was to determine the presence of allochthonous plants in the area of the protected natural reserve - The Great War Island. The research was conducted during the vegetation season of 2020. Thirty four allochthonous plant species were recorded and classified into 19 families. Asteraceae (8 species), Fabaceae Poaceae and Sapindaceae (3 species each) had the highest species diversity. Phytogeographic analysis of their primary distribution areas has shown that most belong to the category of floral elements of the "adventitious" areal type. The chorological spectrum is dominated by species of North American origin (58.8%), while in the biological spectrum the most common are therophytes (38.2%). Chronological spectrum analysis has shown the highest prevalence of neophytes (64.7%). Seventeen species have the status of invasive, 16 naturalized, while one species (Morus alba) is characterized as ephemerophyte. The most frequent neophytes on the Great War Island are Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima, Amorpha fruticosa, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, while among neotophytes, Echinocystis lobata and Symphyotrichum lanceolatus stand out in terms of frequency of occurrence. The geographical position of the Great War Island, due to which it is exposed to periodic floods, high levels of groundwater, strong influence of anthropogenic factors and the biological characteristics of allochthonous species are the main factors enabling them to inhabit this area. Results of this research should be the basis for the development of a strategy for monitoring the condition and planning control measures for the unwanted plant species, in order to protect the indigenous flora. Only careful and responsible management of landscapes of outstanding features such as The Great War Island and taking appropriate preventive measures can prevent the settlement, domestification and further spread of allochthonous plants.


Author(s):  
Jiratchaya Wisetkomolmat ◽  
Pongsakorn Suppakittpaisarn ◽  
Sarana Rose Sommano

The natural forests of Northern Thailand are the mother source of many utilisable natural products because of their diverse flora and fauna. Among many plant species found within Northern Thai forests, detergent plants are known for its distinctive cleansing properties. Several local species of detergent plants in Thailand are traditionally used by the locals and indigenous people. However, these plants may become extinct because their habitats have been replaced by industrial agriculture, and their uses have been replaced by chemically synthesised detergents. Researchers need to study and communicate the biology, phytochemistry, and the importance of these plants to conserve natural biodiversity of Northern Thailand. Of many utilisable detergent phytochemicals, natural saponins are known as bio-surfactant and foaming agents. Their physiochemical and biological properties feature structural diversity, which leads to many industrial applications.  In this review, we explained the term “detergent” from the physiological mechanism perspective and the detergent effects of saponin.  We also compiled a list of Thai local plants with cleansing properties focusing on the saponin-containing plants. Future studies should investigate information relative to plant environment, ethnobotanical data and bioactive compound content of these plants. The knowledge acquired from this study will promote the maintenance of the local biodiversity and the conservation of the detergent plant species found in Thailand.


2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Awasthi ◽  
S. K. Bhandari ◽  
Y. Khanal

Scientific forest management is an emerging need for managing existing natural forests of Nepal on the basis of silvicultural intervention. The study was carried out in Lumbini Collaborative Forest at Rupandehi District of Nepal, where Sal (Shorea robusta) forests are being managed under Irregular Shelterwood System with eighty years of cutting cycle since 2011–2012. The study was purposed to find out the intial effects of silvicultural intervention on plant species diversity and regeneration of Sal forest. The vegetative sampling was done using quadrate method based on the principle of simple random sampling both in the managed as well as the unmanaged parts of forest. The study found out remarkable increase in regeneration as well as decrease in plant diversity in the managed first and second-year stands (Block I and Block II respectively) as compared to the unmanaged stand (Block III) at its initial level of implementation. The mean value of diversity, richness, evenness, dominance index and regeneration of S. robusta varied significantly (p?0.05) between the managed blocks (stands). The seedling density of S. robusta was found higher in the managed blocks (Block I and Block II) as compared to the unmanaged one (Block III) in terms of height class. The study recommends implementation of Irregular Shelterwood System for managing the existing degraded Sal forests of the Terai region of Nepal, however, its long term effects on plant species diversity should be further studied in detail.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 20-29


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