scholarly journals Emergence and morphophysiology of Sunki mandarin and other citrus genotypes seedlings under saline stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Lauriane A. A. Soares ◽  
Walter S. Soares Filho ◽  
Pedro D. Fernandes ◽  
Elaine C. B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The scarcity of good quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in arid and semiarid regions, where water sources generally contain high concentrations of ions. In such conditions, it is essential to cultivate genotypes with economic potential and tolerance to salinity. Considering the importance of citrus and the need to identify genetic materials that adapt to saline stress, this study evaluates the salinity tolerance of 10 genotypes with rootstock potential. For the irrigation water, five levels of electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 dS/m at 25 °C) were used in a randomized block design with three replications, and seed germination and growth variables, as well as physiological plant parameters, were evaluated. The germination rate of the hybrid TSKC × CTARG – 019 was the best under salt conditions, as it was the genotype with the highest tolerance to salinity in the germination stage. Salinity reduced the growth of the citrus genotypes, with the possibility of using water with EC of up to 1.6 dS/m in the rootstock formation stage. Salt stress affected the photosynthetic rate of the genotypes ‘San Diego’ citrandarin and TSKC × CTSW – 018 by reducing the stomatal conductance, restricting the diffusion of CO2 into the substomatal camera. The genotypes TSKC × CTARG – 019, TSKC × CTTR – 012 and TSKC × TRBK – 007 have the greatest potential for growth and photosynthetic apparatus efficiency when subjected to salinity.

scholarly journals Screening of citrus scion-rootstock combinations for tolerance to water salinity during seedling formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e48163
Author(s):  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
Pedro Dantas Fernandes ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Walter dos Santos Soares Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Arid and semiarid regions are vulnerable to water deficits and salinity. Citrus plants are sensitive to saline stress and require the use of tolerant scion-rootstock combinations. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and classify citrus scion-rootstock combinations with respect to their tolerance to salinity during seedling formation in a protected environment. An experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a 5 x 12 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of water salinity (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 dS m-1) applied in 12 citrus rootstocks grafted with two scion varieties: ‘Tahiti’ acid lime and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. The scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated for accumulated dry matter and survival index at 330 days after sowing the rootstocks. Salinity exerted different effects on the dry matter formation of scion-rootstock combinations. ‘Star Ruby’ was less sensitive to salinity, particularly when the rootstocks were the hybrids from ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL) with ‘Troyer’ citrange (CTTR) – 013 (TSKFL x CTTR – 013), common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) with ‘Argentina’ citrange (CTARG) – 019 (TSKC x CTARG – 019), TSKC with ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) – 031 (TSKC x CTSW – 031), and the trifoliate hybrid (HTR) - 069, as well as the varieties Volkamer lemon and Santa Cruz Rangpur lime. When grafted with ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, the rootstocks displaying the less sensitive to salinity were TSKFL x CTTR - 013 and TSKC x CTARG - 019.

scholarly journals Physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Caciana Cavalcanti Costa ◽  
Genilson Lima Diniz ◽  
João Batista dos Santos ◽  
Marinês Pereira Bomfim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

ABSTRACT Melon is one of the most important vegetables for the Brazilian foreign trade. However, in semi-arid areas, the irregular rainfall, excessive use of fertilizers and, especially, poor quality water contribute to the soil salinization, becoming a limiting factor and damaging the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as affecting yield. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity. For that, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the first factor related to melon cultivars (Iracema, Goldex and Natal) and the second one related to soil salinity levels (0.3 dS m-1, 1.3 dS m-1, 2.3 dS m-1, 3.3 dS m-1 and 4.3 dS m-1 of electrical conductivity), with four replications. For soil salinization, a saturation extract with initial soil salinity of 0.3 dS m-1 was obtained, while the other levels were prepared by adding NaCl to the soil. The physiology of melon plants is negatively affected by the increased salinity in the soil. The evaluated cultivars do not show differences in tolerance for the physiological response to soil saline stress.

scholarly journals Phytomass and production components of colored cotton under salt stress in different phenological stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽  
Pedro D. Fernandes ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Saulo S. da Silva ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton

ABSTRACT Scarcity of good quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, which induces the use of waters with high salt concentration in crop irrigation. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass accumulation and production components of colored cotton genotypes during the different development stages, under conditions of high salinity, with plants grown in lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, at the Center for Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Three cotton genotypes (‘BRS Rubi’, ‘BRS Topázio’ and ‘BRS Safira’) irrigated with salinized water (9 dS m-1) during the three stages of crop development (vegetative, flowering and fruiting) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three repetitions and three plants per plot, in drainage lysimeters filled with 24.5 kg of an Oxisol, with sandy loam texture. Irrigation with salinized water during the vegetative stage promoted greater phytomass accumulation in the genotypes of naturally colored cotton. In the initial stages of the cotton development, irrigation with saline water can be used with the lowest losses in production components, which are negatively affected when saline water is applied in the fruiting stage. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Topázio’ is the most tolerant to irrigation water salinity in terms of seed cotton weight and lint cotton weight, regardless of the development stage.

scholarly journals SALINE STRESS AND EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF PROLINE IN CASHEW ROOTSTCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 488-498
Author(s):  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reynaldo Teodoro de Fatima ◽  
Joicy Lima Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Different Levels

The scarcity of good quality water and the occurrence of long dry periods are limiting factors for irrigated agriculture, especially in semiarid regions, which induces the use of saline water and technologies that enable its use in agriculture. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of proline on growth and phytomass of BRS 226 Planalto precocious dwarf cashew rootstock irrigated with water of different levels of salinity. The study was performed in a greenhouse, in the municipality of Pombal - PB, in a protected environment, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of different levels of electrical conductivities of irrigation water – ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) associated with foliar application of proline - P (0, 4, 8 and 12 mM), with three repetitions and two plants per plot. The irrigation with saline water of up to 0.85 dS m-1 can be used for the production of BRS 266 cashew rootstck. Proline concentration of 8 mM promoted largest dry phytomass of the BRS 226 Planalto cashew rootstock. The increase in proline concentration up to 12 mM applied via leaf does not attenuate the deleterious effects of salinity on the absolute growth rate of plant height and on the fresh and dry leaf phytomass of the BRS 226 Planalto cashew rootstock.

scholarly journals Growth and Gas Exchange of Cucurbita pepo L. Under Nitrogen and Silicon Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jackson de M. Alves ◽  
Alex S. de Lima ◽  
Cesenildo de F. Suassuna ◽  
Francisco R. A. Figueiredo ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a horticultural crop of great socioeconomic importance in Brazil and in the world. However, inappropriate fertilization management, such as over-fertilization of soils, may become a limiting factor for its development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-physiological behavior of zucchini submitted to nitrogen (N) doses applied via soil and foliar application of silicon (Si). The treatments were distributed in split-plot scheme in a randomized block design, with three replications. The plot was formed by silicon levels (0.0 and 6.0 g plant-1) and the subplots constituted by five nitrogen levels (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), adding up to 30 experimental units. Gas exchanges and growth parameters were assessed at 35 days after planting. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and in the cases of significance was performed a polynomial regression analysis for the nitrogen factor and Tukey test for the silicon factor. The supply of Si positively enhances the effects of N on growth characteristics and gas exchanges of zucchini. The simultaneous application of Si and N does not influence the leaf area of zucchini. The N dose of 93.9 kg ha-1 provides greater assimilation of CO2 in zucchini plants under the conditions in which the experiment was performed.

scholarly journals Initial growth and tolerance of melon cultivars under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Erbia Bressia Gonçalves Araujo ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Fernanda Andrade de Oliveira ◽  
Lauter Silva Souto ◽  
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The melon crop is normally developed in semiarid regions, where water resources are limited. This scarcity of water is a strong stressor on the crops, and requires the supplementation of existing water supplies with poor quality water, especially saline water. This can impede the growth and production of plants; however, the use of tolerant genotypes may minimize this problem. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was developed at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal Campus, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to study the emergence, initial growth, and tolerance of melon cultivars irrigated with waters of different salt content. We studied three melon cultivars (Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo) irrigated with five levels of saline water (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; and 3.0 dS m-1), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The plants seeds were monitored for 30 days after sowing, and at 30 days the growth and salinity tolerance index was evaluated. Cultivar Halles Best Jumbo was the most tolerant to saline water during initial stage of growth, while the Gaucho Redondo was more sensitive to salinity. It was found that saline waters up to 1.8 dS m-1 were suitable for irrigation of melon plants round Gaucho and waters up to 2.4 dS m-1 could be used for irrigation of Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo crops during the initial growth phase.

scholarly journals Germination and morphophysiology of passion fruit seedlings under salt water irrigation1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Aldair de Sousa Medeiros ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
Leila de Paula Rezende ◽  
João Correia de Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Two Stages

ABSTRACT The use of salt water in irrigation can reduce the growth and yield of agricultural crops. This study aimed to assess the germination, emergence, physiology and growth of passion fruit seedlings of two varieties under salt water irrigation. The study was conducted in two stages: the first carried out in a laboratory and the second in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two passion fruit varieties (BRS RC and BRS GA1) and four levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.2 dS m-1, 2.2 dS m-1, 4.2 dS m-1 and 6.2 dS m-1), with four replications. The BRS GA1 variety exhibited the highest germination index and rate, in the germination stage, despite being more sensitive to salinity than the BRS RC. There was no damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in the BRS GA1 seedlings during growth, as demonstrated by the higher leaf biomass, when compared to the BRS RC variety.

scholarly journals Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia da Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Biomass

Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics of the Pennisetum glaucum submitted to water and saline stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50468
Author(s):  
Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
Vicente José Laamon Pinto Simões ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Four Levels

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.

scholarly journals Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rizal Sukarno ◽  
Sigit Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Planting System ◽  
Better Than

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5.

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