scholarly journals Active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements for improved tillage and tractive performance: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e02R01-e02R01
Author(s):  
Pranay Sarkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Engine Power

Proper selection of energy-efficient agricultural machinery helps to reduce drudgery, increase cropping intensity and reduce time required for field preparation. With conventional tillage implements, multiple passes are required to obtain desired seedbed which increase soil compaction due to repeated movement of tractor in field. With combined tillage implements two or more tillage implements are combined to reduce time and fuel energy required for seedbed preparation. In this paper, various researches on active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements have been discussed along with their working principles. It was found that these were associated with less draft, specific energy, and tire slippage compared to conventional implements which provides a sound basis for using them with suitable engine power to improve the power utilization of tractors. Hence, use of these implements could help to reduce soil compaction, labour, fuel cost as well as save time in preparing seedbed. More analytical studies and classical approaches are needed to predict energy requirements of these implements from the knowledge of individual energy requirements of conventional implements to help in proper matching of tractor-implement and also to develop decision support systems. Considering their promising outcomes, they will emerge as effective tools to improve agricultural mechanization.

scholarly journals Review of manufacturers'recommendations on technological capabilities of ejectable excavator vibroplates assessment during soil compaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-573
Author(s):  
I. S. Tiuremnov ◽  
D. V. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Ace Model ◽  
Compaction Factor ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Add-on compactors for excavators (ACE hereinafter) are replaceable working equipment for excavators. They are used for soil compaction after the backfill of trenches, wells, foundation cavities and other “narrow spaces” of construction, as well as soil compaction at slopes of embankments and excavations.In practical use of ACE, builders face two challenges:to justify the choice of an ACE for soil compaction under given conditions determined by the soil type and moisture, layer thickness, and the required compaction factor; to determine the time required to compact soil with an ACE at a single point positional compaction to ensure the required compaction factor of a given type of soil in a layer of required thickness.The problems above require the information regarding technological capabilities of ACEs in different technological situations of soil compaction. The assessment of such technological capabilities of ACEs, at the same time, should take into account the ongoing transition to a new regulatory framework in Russia in the field of assessment indicators for the results of soil compaction in construction.Materials and methods. ACE technological capabilities review was conducted based on the information provided on the official websites of the largest Russian and foreign ACE manufacturers and suppliers.Conclusion. The analysis of information provided by ACE manufacturers and suppliers showed that most of that information is technical specifications of ACEs and excavators. There is almost no information on technological capabilities of ACEs. At the same time, ACE manufacturers and suppliers use ambiguous terminology (for example, “compaction volume”) in the assessment of technological capabilities.Practical value. Lack of information on technological capabilities of ACEs in various technological situations of soil compaction leads to errors in selection of an ACE model and its operation time during single point positional soil compaction, which increases the risk of under compaction and reduced service life of constructed objects. To solve this problem, the Construction and Road-Building Machinery Department of Yaroslavl State Technical University is developing a methodology for calculating the results of soil compaction with an ACE in different technological situations.

Verification Test of Energy-Efficient Driving by Selection of Braking Notches

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Ogawa ◽  
Kazumasa Kumazawa ◽  
Noriaki Sugita ◽  
Yoichi Imamura ◽  
Shingo Minobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Low enthalpy geothermal energy: borehole heat exchangers (BHE). Geological and geothermal supervision during active construction in support of the energy certification of buildings - ESBE certification plan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cadrobbi ◽  
Fioroni Daniele ◽  
Alessandro Bozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Borehole Heat Exchangers ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

This article draws on the experience matured while working with low-enthalpy geothermic installations both in the design and executive phase as well as ongoing monitoring, within the scope of energy conservation as it relates to building and construction. The goal is to illustrate the feasibility of adopting the ESBE certification protocol (Certification of Energy Efficient Low-Enthalpy Probes) aimed at optimizing the harnessing of local geothermic resources to satisfy the energy requirements of a building, measured against the initial investment. It is often the case, in fact, that during the course of a construction project for a given low-enthalpy installation, we verify incompa tibilities with the local geologic and geothermic models, which, if inadequate during construction, can compromise the proper functioning of the installation and its subsequent operation. To this end, the ESBE method, which adheres to the governing environmental regulations, and which takes its cue from technical statutes within the sector, permits us to validate via verification, simulations and tests, the geothermic field probes used in construction in an objective and standardized manner, thereby joining and supporting the most recent protocols for energy certification of buildings (LEED 2010, CASACLIMA 2011, UE 20120/31 Directive). ESBE certification operates through a dedicated Certifying Entity represented by the REET unit (Renewable Energies and Environmental Technologies) of FBK (Bruno Kessler Foundation) of Trento. The results obtained by applying the ESBE method to two concrete cases, relative to two complex geothermic systems, demonstrate how this protocol is able to guarantee, beyond the correct execution in the field of geothermic probes, an effective coverage of the energy requirements of the building during construction adopting the best optimization measures for the probes in keeping with the local geological and geothermic model.

scholarly journals Conventional and Conservation Seedbed Preparation Systems for Wheat Planting in Silty-Clay Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Pieranna Servadio
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

scholarly journals Assessment of reproductive potential in patients after myomectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Yan Van ◽  
Yuliya A. Romadanova ◽  
Alla A. Bakhvalova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Fedina ◽  
Aleksandr A. Zinov’yev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Abdominal Myomectomy ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study is to assess the restoration of anatomical and functional integrity of the uterus and identify changes in hormonal profile in women after laparoscopic and abdominal myomectomy. Material and methods. 58 patients aged 36,2 5,9 years old with uterine myoma underwent myomectomy: 31 patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and 27 patients underwent abdominal myomectomy. The selection of surgical approach didnt depend on the size, the number and localization of uterine myomas and the patients concomitant pathology. The hormonal profile of the patients including AMH level was assessed befor myomectomy and in the 6 months after the operation. Postoperative assessment was performed on day 5th8th after surgery and in 1 and 6 months after myomectomy. Results. No significant differences were found in the processes of reparation of the uterus and in hormonal profile of the patients after laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy. The time required for the patients reabilitation and for the restoration of the ovarian function and uterine morphological structure was similar in both groups. Conclusion. The hormonal profile of the patients and the anatomical and functional restoration of myometrium after myomectomy doesnt depend on the surgical approach if myomectomy is performed by an experienced surgeon after the correct assessment of the clinical situation.

scholarly journals Critical appraisal of speech in noise tests: a systematic review and survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhani Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Tripathy ◽  
Udit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Instrument Bias ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

Speech in noise tests that measure the perception of speech in presence of noise are now an important part of audiologic tests battery and hearing research as well. There are various tests available to estimate the perception of speech in presence of noise, for example, connected sentence test, hearing in noise test, words in noise, quick speech-in-noise test, bamford-kowal-bench speech-in-noise test, and listening in spatialized noise-sentences. All these tests are different in terms of target age, measure, procedure, speech material, noise, normative, etc. Because of the variety of tests available to estimate speech-in-noise abilities, audiologists often select tests based on their availability, ease to administer the test, time required in running the test, age of the patient, hearing status, type of hearing disorder and type of amplification device if using. A critical appraisal of these speech-in-noise tests is required for the evidence based selection and to be used in audiology clinics. In this article speech-in-noise tests were critically appraised for their conceptual model, measurement model, normatives, reliability, validity, responsiveness, item/instrument bias, respondent burden and administrative burden. Selection of a standard speech-in-noise test based on this critical appraisal will also allow an easy comparison of speech-in-noise ability of any hearing impaired individual or group across audiology clinics and research centers. This article also describes the survey which was done to grade the speech in noise tests on the various appraisal characteristics.

scholarly journals Examination of the physical state of the soil under conventional and reduced tillage systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems

he effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil compaction and moisture content in two years with extreme weather conditions is introduced in this paper. The investigations were carried out in a long-term soil cultivation experiment set on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil at the Karcag Research Institute. In 2010 the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat was 623.3 mm, 2.2 times higher than the 50-year average, while in 2011 this value was 188.7 mm giving only 65% of the average. The examinations were made after harvest on stubbles on 4 test plots in 5 replications in the case of each tillage system. Soil compaction was characterised by penetration resistance values, while the actual soil moisture contents were determined by gravimetry. The values of penetration resistance and soil moisture content of the cultivated soil layer were better in the case of reduced tillage under extreme precipitation conditions. It could be established that regular application of deep soil loosening is essential due to the formation of the unfavourable compact soil layer under 30 cm. Conventional tillage resulted in enhanced compaction under the depth of ploughing, the penetration resistance can reach the value of 4 MPa under wet, while even 8 MPa under dry soil status.

Can intubation be improved with endotracheal tubes marked with a color scale? Randomized controlled study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Berazategui ◽  
Ramon Pio Larcade ◽  
Nestor Vain ◽  
Adriana Andrea Castro ◽  
Rose Mari Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Color Scale ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: To assess if a color scale in the endotracheal tube (ETT) helps operators to correctly select the size and depth of placement of the ETT and decrease the time required, compared with the usual numeric ETT scale, in a mannequin model. Design/Methods: The study was conducted in 8 centers. Each size of the ETT was identified with different color by size. All experimental ETT had two painted zones: the mouthpiece and an area of 1 cm marked with the same color (to identify where the ETT should be taped above the lip). The operators were trained as part of the protocol using a video. Four clinical scenarios requiring endotracheal intubation were designed and randomly assigned. Each operator had to select the size and depth of ETT based on the BW, and then had to perform 4 intubation procedures. Results: 108 operators performed 432 intubations. No difference were found in the correct placement and selection of the ETT. Median time (in seconds) required for intubation using numeric vs. experimental tube was: for ETT Ø 2.5, 11.5 vs. 8 (p<0.001), ETTØ3,12 vs. 10 (p<0.001), ETT Ø 3.5, 15.5 vs.12 (p 0.003), ETT Ø4 12 vs.11 (p 0.019). Conclusions: No significant difference was observed in the selection and correct placement of the ETT. However, the intubation time was significantly shorter using the experimental ETT. This device could improve the effectiveness of intubation by reducing the time needed to properly place the ETT at mid trachea.

Proficient Normalised Fuzzy K-Means With Initial Centroids Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Deepali Virmani ◽  
Nikita Jain ◽  
Ketan Parikh ◽  
Shefali Upadhyaya ◽  
Abhishek Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Clustering Problem ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

This article describes how data is relevant and if it can be organized, linked with other data and grouped into a cluster. Clustering is the process of organizing a given set of objects into a set of disjoint groups called clusters. There are a number of clustering algorithms like k-means, k-medoids, normalized k-means, etc. So, the focus remains on efficiency and accuracy of algorithms. The focus is also on the time it takes for clustering and reducing overlapping between clusters. K-means is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solves the well-known clustering problem. The k-means algorithm partitions data into K clusters and the centroids are randomly chosen resulting numeric values prohibits it from being used to cluster real world data containing categorical values. Poor selection of initial centroids can result in poor clustering. This article deals with a proposed algorithm which is a variant of k-means with some modifications resulting in better clustering, reduced overlapping and lesser time required for clustering by selecting initial centres in k-means and normalizing the data.

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