scholarly journals Automatic Conductance Estimation Methods for Anisotropic Diffusion ITK Filters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos da Silva Senra Filho
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Fitting In

The anisotropic diffusion algorithm has been intensively studied in the past decades, which could be considered as a very efficient image denoising procedure in many biomedical applications. Several authors contributed many clever solutions for diffusion parameters fitting in specific imaging modalities. Furthermore, besides improvements regarding the image denoising quality, one important variable that must be carefully set is the conductance, which regulates the structural edges preservation among the objects presented in the image. The conductance value is strongly dependent on image noise level and an appropriate parameter setting is, usually, difficult to find for different images databases and modalities. Fortunately, thanks to many efforts from the scientific community, a few automatic methods have been proposed in order to set the conductance value automatically. Here, it is presented an ITK class which offers a simple collection of the most common automatic conductance setting approaches in order to assist researchers in image denoising procedures using anisotropic-based filtering methods (such as well described in the AnisotropicDiffusionFunction class).

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

Improved anisotropic diffusion ultrasound image denoising method based on logarithmic compression

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218-3220
Author(s):  
Jin YANG ◽  
Zhi-qin LIU ◽  
Yao-bin WANG ◽  
Xiao-ming GAO
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Denoising Method

Evaluation methods of the daylight performance and potential energy saving of tubular daylight guide systems: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2199241
Author(s):  
Hanlin Li ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yanping Yuan ◽  
Lijun Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Energy Saving ◽  
Daylight Performance

In the past 30 years, tubular daylight guide systems (TDGSs) have become one of the most popular ways to transport outdoor natural light into the inner space in building design. However, tubular daylight guide systems are not widely used because of the lack of methods to evaluate methods on the suitability of the TDGSs. This study therefore summarizes the daylight performance metrics of TDGSs and presents the estimation methods in terms of field measurements, simulation and empirical formulae. This study focuses on the daylight performance and potential energy savings of TDGSs. Moreover, this study will be helpful for building designers to build healthy, comfortable and energy-saving indoor environment.

scholarly journals Oxygen Permeability of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels and Their Use as Materials for Contact Lenses: A Purposeful Analysis

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Traian V. Chirila
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Silk Moth ◽  
Bombyx Mori Silk

Fibroin is a fibrous protein that can be conveniently isolated from the silk cocoons produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori silk moth. In its form as a hydrogel, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. When used as substrates for biomaterial-cells constructs in tissue engineering, the oxygen transport characteristics of the BMSF membranes have proved so far to be adequate. However, over the past three decades the BMSF hydrogels have been proposed episodically as materials for the manufacture of contact lenses, an application that depends on substantially elevated oxygen permeability. This review will show that the literature published on the oxygen permeability of BMSF is both limited and controversial. Additionally, there is no evidence that contact lenses made from BMSF have ever reached commercialization. The existing literature is discussed critically, leading to the conclusion that BMSF hydrogels are unsuitable as materials for contact lenses, while also attempting to explain the scarcity of data regarding the oxygen permeability of BMSF. To the author’s knowledge, this review covers all publications related to the topic.

scholarly journals Recent Studies on Common Ownership, Firm Behavior, and Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-38
Author(s):  
Martin C. Schmalz
Keyword(s):  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
Meaningful Research

The literature on competitive effects of common ownership has grown at a fast rate in the past two years. Anticompetitive effects have been confirmed with alternative reduced-form and structural estimation methods, in different industries, geographies, and jurisdictions. Multiple independent studies have disproven early critiques of the literature. Other papers document the heterogeneity of common ownership effects on competition across markets and industries. Important advances were made on the study of the economic mechanisms and governance channels that implement anti-competitive incentives. New theory refines the interpretation of existing empirical work. Access to high-quality ownership and product-market data remains a bottleneck for meaningful research in the area.

Automated Image Denoising Model: Contribution Towards Optimized Internal and External Basis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
S. Elavaar Kuzhali ◽  
D. S. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Image Patch ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Means ◽  
Hybrid Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Chicken Swarm Optimization ◽  
Selection Of

For handling digital images for various applications, image denoising is considered as a fundamental pre-processing step. Diverse image denoising algorithms have been introduced in the past few decades. The main intent of this proposal is to develop an effective image denoising model on the basis of internal and external patches. This model adopts Non-local means (NLM) for performing the denoising, which uses redundant information of the image in pixel or spatial domain to reduce the noise. While performing the image denoising using NLM, “denoising an image patch using the other noisy patches within the noisy image is done for internal denoising and denoising a patch using the external clean natural patches is done for external denoising”. Here, the selection of optimal block from the entire datasets including internal noisy images and external clean natural images is decided by a new hybrid optimization algorithm. The two renowned optimization algorithms Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO), and Dragon Fly Algorithm (DA) are merged, and the new hybrid algorithm Rooster-based Levy Updated DA (RLU-DA) is adopted. The experimental results in terms of some relevant performance measures show the promising results of the proposed model with remarkable stability and high accuracy.

scholarly journals The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Leading Journals

Power is the most important variable in world politics, but scholars and policy analysts systematically mismeasure it. Most studies evaluate countries’ power using broad indicators of economic and military resources, such as gross domestic product and military spending, that tally their wealth and military assets without deducting the costs they pay to police, protect, and serve their people. As a result, standard indicators exaggerate the wealth and military power of poor, populous countries, such as China and India. A sounder approach accounts for these costs by measuring power in net rather than gross terms. This approach predicts war and dispute outcomes involving great powers over the past 200 years more accurately than those that use gross indicators of power. In addition, it improves the in-sample goodness-of-fit in the majority of studies published in leading journals over the past five years. Applying this improved framework to the current balance of power suggests that the United States’ economic and military lead over other countries is much larger than typically assumed, and that the trends are mostly in America's favor.

scholarly journals Image denoising using anisotropic second and fourth order diffusions based on gradient vector convolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaibin Wang ◽  
Yuanquan Wang ◽  
Wenqi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Numerical Stability ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Gradient Vector ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Robustness To Noise ◽  
Fourth Order Model ◽  
Low Computational Cost

In this paper, novel second order and fourth order diffusion models are proposed for image denoising. Both models are based on the gradient vector convolution (GVC) model. The second model is coined by incorporating the GVC model into the anisotropic diffusion model and the fourth order one is by introducing the GVC to the You-Kaveh fourth order model. Since the GVC model can be implemented in real time using the FFT and possesses high robustness to noise, both proposed models have many advantages over traditional ones, such as low computational cost, high numerical stability and remarkable denoising effect. Moreover, the proposed fourth order model is an anisotropic filter, so it can obviously improve the ability of edge and texture preserving except for further improvement of denoising. Some experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Preparation, Property, and Biomedical Application

Gels ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Sihang Liu ◽  
Jingyi Tang ◽  
Fangqin Ji ◽  
Weifeng Lin ◽  
Shengfu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nonspecific Protein Adsorption ◽  
Anionic Groups

Nonspecific protein adsorption impedes the sustainability of materials in biologically related applications. Such adsorption activates the immune system by quick identification of allogeneic materials and triggers a rejection, resulting in the rapid failure of implant materials and drugs. Antifouling materials have been rapidly developed in the past 20 years, from natural polysaccharides (such as dextran) to synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene glycol, PEG). However, recent studies have shown that traditional antifouling materials, including PEG, still fail to overcome the challenges of a complex human environment. Zwitterionic materials are a class of materials that contain both cationic and anionic groups, with their overall charge being neutral. Compared with PEG materials, zwitterionic materials have much stronger hydration, which is considered the most important factor for antifouling. Among zwitterionic materials, zwitterionic hydrogels have excellent structural stability and controllable regulation capabilities for various biomedical scenarios. Here, we first describe the mechanism and structure of zwitterionic materials. Following the preparation and property of zwitterionic hydrogels, recent advances in zwitterionic hydrogels in various biomedical applications are reviewed.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle for Antibacterial Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa Khan ◽  
Aliza Zahoor ◽  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Abdul Majid ◽  
Mohsin Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

  Recently, different researchers find nanoparticles as an auspicious alternative to antibacterial agents due to their antibacterial behaviour. This antibacterial behaviour contributes in many biomedical applications including; tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery and, imaging. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticle gains much importance due to their magnetic characteristics and wide range of application. Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have exhibits great potential against bacteria. During the past decade, various routes were developed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticle with suitable size and composition. This article reviews the recent iron oxide nanoparticle obtained by green synthesis with a focus on their response to antibacterial activities. The iron nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis method has accumulated a vital attention over the last couple of years due to their unique characteristic as it makes sure environmental friendly, nontoxic and safe reagents.

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