scholarly journals Organic and conventional management in a Parda Alpina dairy goat production system in northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Wilma Emanuela Silva ◽  
João Paulo Guimarães Soares ◽  
Jenevaldo Barbosa Silva ◽  
Débora Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha ◽  
Luiz Januário Magalhães Aroeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Hormones

<p>In this study, we compared organic and conventional management in a dairy goat production system in Angicos, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Twenty-six Parda Alpina dairy goats were used: 13 in organic management (OM) and 13 in conventional management (CM). The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and 13 repetitions. OM practices included estrus synchronization with the “male effect,” an herbal-based treatment against endoparasitoses (an extract of lemon [<em>Citrus limonum</em>] and garlic [<em>Allium sativum</em>]) and the control of mastitis using the Embrapa Kit for manual milking with a rosemary pepper (<em>Lippia sidoides</em>) tincture. CM animals received synthetic hormones (Promone®, Prolise®, and Novormon®) for synchronization of estrus, ivermectin for endoparasitoses, and iodized alcohol for mastitis prevention aided by the Embrapa Kit for manual milking. No significant differences were observed between the management types in the pregnancy rate, FEC, FAMACHA© (Faffa Malan Chart) scores, physico-chemical composition of the milk, or somatic cell count (SCC). Both OM and MC had pregnancy rates of 61.54%. The mean values of the egg counts observed in the OM and CM were 24 and 35 eggs g-1, respectively. The FAMACHA© scores were 1 or 2 and 2, 3, or 4 in OM and CM, respectively. The goats had average weights in OM of 48.53 kg and in CM of 55.92 kg. Milk production, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and nonfat solids in OM (0.971 kg/day, 2,210, 2,322, 3,306, 7,866, 5,566, respectively) were slightly higher than those in CM (0.946 kg/day, 1,812, 1,812, 2.868, 6.74, 4.928). OM (904,860 cells/mL) and CM (1.02052 million cells/mL) SCC values were similar, with the OM within the acceptable range for milk goats. Organic management was equivalent to conventional management for weight gain, maintenance of animal health standards, reproductive and sanitary control, and milk quantity and quality, and is technically suitable for a dairy goat production system in semiarid conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Parameters of Honey From Melipona mondury Smith, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Marcos de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Jacqueline Lemos Viana ◽  
Henrique de Abreu Cerqueira Sousa ◽  
Ana Maria Waldschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

The physico-chemical properties of honey produced by the stingless bee Melipona mondury from Atlantic Forest in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil were evaluated. The evaluated characteristics included: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, acidity, water activity, ashes, diastase, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), reducing sugars and saccharose values. The honey samples showed mean values of 29.18% for moisture; 391.5 μS for electrical conductivity; pH of 4.06; 34.3 meq kg-1 for acidity; 0.73 for water activity; 0.18% for ashes; 4.05 (Goethe unit) for diastase; 1.60% for HMF; 65.42% for reducing sugars; and 2.14% of saccharose. Only the diastase activity was above the limits accepted by the Technical Regulation for Identity and Quality of Honey (Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Supplies). Most parameters are according to those reported in honeys from other species of stingless bees in Brazil.

scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 18 (75%) farms, and the level of resistance was high in four (22%) of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 13 (54%) herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. Eight (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Eleven (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on dual AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

Energy use and efficiency in two Canadian organic and conventional crop production systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Hoeppner ◽  
M.H. Entz ◽  
B.G. McConkey ◽  
R.P. Zentner ◽  
C.N. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Rotation Energy

AbstractA goal in sustainable agriculture is to use fossil fuel energy more efficiently in crop production. This 12-year study investigated effects of two crop rotations and two crop production systems (organic versus conventional management) on energy use, energy output and energy-use efficiency. The grain-based rotation included wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)–pea (Pisum sativumL.)–wheat–flax (Linum usitatissimumL.), while the integrated rotation included wheat–alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)–alfalfa–flax. Energy use was 50% lower with organic than with conventional management, and approximately 40% lower with integrated than with the grain-based rotation. Energy use across all treatments averaged 3420 MJ ha−1yr−1. Energy output (grain and alfalfa herbage only) across treatments averaged 49,947 MJ ha−1yr−1and was affected independently by production system and crop rotation. Energy output in the integrated rotation was three times that of the grain-based rotation; however, this difference was largely due to differences in crop type (whole plant alfalfa compared with grain seed). Energy output was 30% lower with organic than with conventional management. Energy efficiency (output energy/input energy) averaged to 17.4 and was highest in the organic and integrated rotations. A significant rotation by production system interaction (P<0.05) indicated that energy efficiency increases due to crop input reduction (i.e., shift from conventional to organic management) were greater in the integrated than in the grain-based rotation. Greater energy efficiency in the integrated rotation under organic management was attributed to the fact that the forage component was less sensitive to chemical input removal than grain crops.

scholarly journals Infectious and non-infectious factors affecting somatic cells count and new diagnostic approaches of intramammary infections in dairy goats: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Margatho ◽  
Hélder Quintas ◽  
Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez ◽  
João Simões
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Mastitis Control

Background: Intramammary infections constitute a major animal health and economic problem in commercial dairy goat farms, being responsible for decreases in milk yield, for alter milk composition, and lower milk quality. Objectives: This paper reviews the published literature during last three decades, highlighting the multiplicity of non-infectious and infectious factors that influence somatic cells count (SCC). Besides that, it intends to contributes to understand the conventional diagnostic methods and its limitations, and supports the implementation of new technologies for an efficient mastitis control, including the use of infrared thermography and ultrasonography. Methods: A search on Medline, ScienceDirect and University Institutional Repositories databases was performed using “goats AND mastitis OR intramammary infections OR somatic cells count” for publications from 1990 to present (2020). Results: A total of 144 publications were selected. The SCC is the most important criteria to evaluate the inflammatory status of the mammary glands in goats, but several non-infectious factors (e.g., phenotypic, reproductive, lactational factors) should be taken in consideration for it interpretation. Bacteria and fungi as well lentivirus are commonly responsive for intramammary infections. Intermittent secretion or environmental contamination of milk pathogens, costs and time delay pose challenges using conventional diagnosis methods. Ultrasonographic and thermographic techniques applied to the udder seems to be diagnostic value in acute and chronic mastitis. Conclusions: Unlike other ruminants species, non-infectious factors have a major impact on SCC which should be taken in account for mastitis diagnosis, and according to milk pathogens detection. Further research in imagological techniques is need to accurately contributes to implant new mastitis control strategies.

scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR. Results Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 18 (75%) farms, and the level of resistance was high in four (22%) of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 13 (54%) herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. Eight (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Eleven (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on dual AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively. Conclusions The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

Influence of organic cocoa agroforestry on soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields of smallholders’ cocoa farms, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael Asigbaase ◽  
Barry H. Lomax ◽  
Evans Dawoe ◽  
Sofie Sjogersten
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The success of sustainable Theobroma cacao (cocoa) production depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soils on which they are established but these are possibly moderated by the management approach that farmers adopt. We assessed and compared soil physico-chemical properties of young, mature and old organic and conventional cocoa agroforestry systems at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and evaluated the production of cocoa pods, banana and plantain in the two farm types. Cocoa farms under organic management had 20, 81, 88 and 323% higher stocks of soil organic carbon, P, Mn and Cu, respectively, compared to those under conventional management. Higher soil moisture content, electrical conductivity and pH were found on organic systems than the conventional farms. Annual cocoa pod production per tree was similar in both cocoa systems (Org. 10.1 ± 1.1 vs Con. 10.1 ± 0.6 pods per tree). The annual production of banana and plantain was higher on organic farms (186.3 ± 34.70 kg ha−1 yr−1) than conventional systems (31.6 ± 9.58 kg ha−1 yr−1). We concluded that organic management of cocoa agroforestry systems result in soils with the greater overall quality for cocoa production than conventional management and it increases the yield of co-products. Studies focusing on the impact of organic management on cocoa agroforestry systems at the landscape and regional scales are urgently needed to further deepen our understanding and support policy.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in goats in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista Santos ◽  
Sérgio Santos de Azevedo ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Severino Silvano dos Santos Higino ◽  
Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Seropositive Animal

A cross-sectional study based on planned sampling was carried out to determine flock-level risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in dairy goat flocks in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 975 adult dairy goats from 110 flocks were examined by indirect immonufluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off point at 1:64 dilution. From the 110 flocks, 77 presented at least one seropositive animal, corresponding to a prevalence of 70% (95% CI: 60.5-78.4%). Out of the 975 animals, 177 (18.1%; 95% CI = 15.8-20.7%) tested positive. The presence of toxic plants (OR = 5.11; P = 0.045) and the fact that goat breeding is not the main activity on the farm (OR = 3.34; P = 0.014) were identified as risk factors. The results of the present study showed evidence of the presence of T. gondii infection in dairy goats from a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil using planned sampling. Further studies are needed to elucidate the importance of the identified risk factors in the epidemiology of the infection.

scholarly journals Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with Broccoli By-Product and Artichoke Plant Silages: Milk Yield, Quality and Composition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Paula Monllor ◽  
Raquel Muelas ◽  
Amparo Roca ◽  
Alberto Atzori ◽  
José Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of a 40% inclusion of broccoli by-product (BB) and artichoke plant (AP) silages in dairy goat diets on the milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation. Feed consumption was lower in AP and BB animals due to their composition and higher moisture content, and BB animals showed a significant reduction in body weight. Milk from the BB treatment had the highest fat content, total solids and useful dry matter content (5.02, 13.9 and 8.39%, respectively). The Se level was slightly lower in AP and BB animals; however, the milk of these treatments was the lowest in Na and, in the case of BB animals, the richest in Ca (1267 mg/kg). Control and AP milk showed a similar fatty acid profile, although AP had a more beneficial aptitude for human health (lower ratio of n6/n3, 12.5). Plasma components, as metabolic parameters, were adequate for goats. It was concluded that a 40% inclusion of AP is an adequate solution to reduce the cost of feeding without harming the animals’ health or performance and to improve the nutritional milk quality. It is necessary to lower the BB level of inclusion to increase feed consumption.

scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 75% of the farms, and the level of resistance was high in 22% of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 54% of the herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. More than half (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Almost half (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on multiple AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. Multiple AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

Appraisal and Monitoring of Small-Scale Dairy Goat Production System

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Y. Mena ◽  
F.A. Ruiz ◽  
R. Gutiérrez ◽  
J.M. Castel
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Dairy
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