scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR. Results Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 18 (75%) farms, and the level of resistance was high in four (22%) of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 13 (54%) herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. Eight (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Eleven (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on dual AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively. Conclusions The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 18 (75%) farms, and the level of resistance was high in four (22%) of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 13 (54%) herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. Eight (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Eleven (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on dual AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

scholarly journals Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vadlejch ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Marián Várady ◽  
Johannes Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 75% of the farms, and the level of resistance was high in 22% of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 54% of the herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. More than half (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Almost half (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on multiple AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. Multiple AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy goats under extensive management conditions in southwestern France

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chartier ◽  
F. Soubirac ◽  
I. Pors ◽  
A. Silvestre ◽  
J. Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Benzimidazole Resistance ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

The occurrence of benzimidazole (BZ) and levamisole resistance was investigated in 18 randomly selected dairy goat herds located in southwestern France and characterized by extensive management. On each of the 18 farms, 45 adult goats were randomly allocated into three groups of 15 animals each: an untreated control group, a group that was orally administered fenbendazole (10 mg kg-1 body weight) and a group that received orally a levamisole drench (12 mg kg-1 body weight). Individual faecal egg counts and pooled larval cultures were done 10 days after anthelmintic treatment. Naive lambs were infected with larvae obtained from control and fenbendazole treated groups and were necropsied 35 days after infection for worm recovery. Faecal egg count reductions (FERC) were calculated for fenbendazole and levamisole and, when less than 95 per 100, were considered as indicative of anthelmintic resistance. An in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) was conducted with thiabendazole on eggs isolated from pooled faeces of fenbendazole treated goats in nine farms. Faecal egg count reductions indicated the occurrence of benzimidazole resistance in 15 out of 18 farms. Among these farms, nine had EHT values above 0.1 μg thiabendazole ml-1 confirming the benzimidazole resistance status. Levamisole resistance was detected in two farms through FECR. Based on necropsy results, the prevalence of benzimidazole resistance was higher in Trichostrongylus colubriformis, medium in Haemonchus contortus and lower in Teladorsagia circumcincta. In nine farms the benzimidazole resistance was monospecific whereas multispecific resistance was found in the six remaining farms. A negative relationship was found between FECR for fenbendazole and the average number of anthelmintic treatments given per year on the farm. Despite extensive management including a low number of treatments, the prevalence of benzimidazole resistance was very high suggesting that the repeated and sometimes exclusive use of benzimidazole drugs, even at low frequency, is probably the main cause in developing nematode resistance in dairy goat herds. The importance of other factors such as under-dosing or buying animals already carrying resistant nematodes are discussed.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance in parasites of small ruminants: sheep versus goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Várady ◽  
E. Papadopoulos ◽  
M. Dolinská ◽  
A. Königová
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Correct Dose

AbstractAnthelmintic resistance among parasites of sheep and goats has been known to occur for at least four decades. Both species of host have similar genera of nematodes, but the nematodes in goat herds usually develop anthelmintic resistance more rapidly. In vitro tests show higher ED50 values in goats than in flocks of sheep. Sheep and goats differ in many ways; for example, goats have a higher metabolic rate and require higher dose rates for drugs. The immune system of goats is also different. Additionally, these animals are reared under different management systems, i.e. sheep graze pastures and goats browse bushes, and lambing/kidding periods are different. Most anthelmintics used in goats have not been licensed for this animal species, and correct dose rates have rarely been experimentally determined. Possible explanations for such differences are discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of experience and confidence on the health man-agement of dairy goat (Case study: “Simpay Tampomas Farmer Group” Village Cilengkrang, Cimalaka District of Sumedang, West Java-Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Tyagita Hartady ◽  
Rini Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Village ◽  
Sick Animal

Dairy goat is profitable object since the productivity is relatively brief, easy in maintenance and does not require much investment. Dairy goat become one of the important commodity for farmers in the village Cilengkrang, Cimalaka District of Sumedang. This study used a qualitative approach where 18 farmers who become interviewees. Collected data were observed and compared with the evaluation on the participants’ routine. The majority farmers are depending on individual experiences and conclusions without related guidance and supported references of diseases and procedures in nurturing dairy goats (61.1%), while the rest are consulting the problem to the vet or the group (83,3%). Some of them used the conventional treatment. However, when the condition of sick animal never improved, only 83,3% of farmers who contact veterinarian and the rest would prefer sell the animal in the market. It can be concluded that the majority farmers in the village, has experienced to overcome certain diseases of dairy goats. Nevertheless, the knowledge and sources of supporting references are still limited that affect to the use of inappropriate traditional herbs or regular human medicines from nearby stalls is still relatively high<em>, </em>so the awareness and knowledge of breeders about health management of dairy goat of breeders needs to be improved.

CircRNA-9119 regulates the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) by sponging miR-26a in the endometrial epithelial cells of dairy goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaorui Liu ◽  
Sicheng Che ◽  
Jiuzeng Cui ◽  
Yuexia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to play important functional roles in epigenetic regulation under certain physiological and pathological conditions. However, knowledge of circRNAs during the development of receptive endometrium (RE) from pre-RE is limited. In the RE of dairy goats, higher circRNA-9119 levels, with lower miR-26a and higher prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) levels, were detected. Further study showed that circRNA-9119 decreased levels of miR-26a by acting as a microRNA sponge, and that miR-26a downregulated the expression of PTGS2 via the predicted target site in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) of dairy goats in vitro. In this way, circRNA-9119 functioned as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) that sequestered miR-26a, thereby protecting PTGS2 transcripts from miR-26a-mediated suppression in dairy goat EECs in vitro. Furthermore, PTGS2 participated in the regulation of some protein markers for endometrial receptivity in dairy goat EECs in vitro. Thus, a circRNA-9119–miR-26a–PTGS2 pathway in the endometrium was identified, and modulation of circRNA-9119–miR-26a–PTGS2 expression in EECs may emerge as a potential target to regulate the development of RE.

scholarly journals Survey on Endoparasites of Dairy Goats in North-Eastern Italy Using a Farm-Tailored Monitoring Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Anna Maurizio ◽  
Laura Stancampiano ◽  
Cinzia Tessarin ◽  
Alice Pertile ◽  
Giulia Pedrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
North Eastern

With the spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), endoparasite monitoring consolidates its role for a more sustainable targeting of treatments. A survey on endoparasites in dairy goat farms of north-eastern Italy was conducted to test a monitoring approach based on a farm-tailored sample size. Farm management and parasites control practices were investigated in 20 farms through a questionnaire survey. Further, fecal samples were collected (November 2018–September 2019) from 264 animals from 13 farms and were analyzed individually with a modified McMaster method and subsequently pooled to perform a coproculture. Coccidia (78.4%), gastrointestinal strongyles (37.9%), Strongyloides (28.4%), Skrjabinema (18.9%), Trichuris (8.0%) and Nematodirus/Marshallagia (0.4%) were identified. Abundances were higher for coccidia and gastrointestinal strongyles. Haemonchus (71%) was the dominant gastrointestinal nematode. Pasture and age class resulted in the main risk factors at the multivariable analysis through a negative binomial regression model. Results from farm monitoring indicate that our approach can be a cost-effective decision tool to target treatments more effectively, but farmers need to be educated about the importance of parasitological testing, which is currently scarcely implemented, against the risk of AR.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Anthelmintic Medication Used in Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Mihai CERNEA ◽  
Roxana FILIP ◽  
Raul CĂTANĂ ◽  
Laura CĂTANĂ
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Post Therapy

Our research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic treatments in sheep, as well as the resistance occurrence risk for the most commonly used substances. Anthelmintic medication efficacy was evaluated on 30 animals from a private farm, located in Sânmihaiu Almaşului, Sălaj County. In vivo studies were performed by using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and testing an albendazole-based (ABZ) product. In vitro, we used Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA) for albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) (only for LDA). FECRT showed that intestinal nematodes developed resistance phenomena against the ABZ-based product, with an extensivity of 80% at seven days post therapy, an egg reduction percentage of 41.89% at seven days post-therapy and 43.9% at 14 days post-therapy. The in vitro EHA highlighted a superior efficacy of TBZ (egg hatch percentage at reference concentration being 51.21) compared to ABZ (71.89%), MBZ (84.46%) and FBZ (79.22%), with a minimum risk of anthelmintic resistance. The LDA test revealed the superior efficacy of FBZ (MIC 0.59 mcg/ml) and IVM (MIC 0.078 mcg/ml), with a minimal risk of inducing parasitic resistance. All in vivo and in vitro tests revealed a limited ABZ efficacy, recommending avoiding the therapy with this substance.

scholarly journals Infectious and non-infectious factors affecting somatic cells count and new diagnostic approaches of intramammary infections in dairy goats: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Margatho ◽  
Hélder Quintas ◽  
Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez ◽  
João Simões
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Mastitis Control

Background: Intramammary infections constitute a major animal health and economic problem in commercial dairy goat farms, being responsible for decreases in milk yield, for alter milk composition, and lower milk quality. Objectives: This paper reviews the published literature during last three decades, highlighting the multiplicity of non-infectious and infectious factors that influence somatic cells count (SCC). Besides that, it intends to contributes to understand the conventional diagnostic methods and its limitations, and supports the implementation of new technologies for an efficient mastitis control, including the use of infrared thermography and ultrasonography. Methods: A search on Medline, ScienceDirect and University Institutional Repositories databases was performed using “goats AND mastitis OR intramammary infections OR somatic cells count” for publications from 1990 to present (2020). Results: A total of 144 publications were selected. The SCC is the most important criteria to evaluate the inflammatory status of the mammary glands in goats, but several non-infectious factors (e.g., phenotypic, reproductive, lactational factors) should be taken in consideration for it interpretation. Bacteria and fungi as well lentivirus are commonly responsive for intramammary infections. Intermittent secretion or environmental contamination of milk pathogens, costs and time delay pose challenges using conventional diagnosis methods. Ultrasonographic and thermographic techniques applied to the udder seems to be diagnostic value in acute and chronic mastitis. Conclusions: Unlike other ruminants species, non-infectious factors have a major impact on SCC which should be taken in account for mastitis diagnosis, and according to milk pathogens detection. Further research in imagological techniques is need to accurately contributes to implant new mastitis control strategies.

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