scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of emerald grass submitted to quantitative application of herbicides

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira Marques ◽  
Dagoberto Martins ◽  
Roberto Antonio Rodella ◽  
Saulo Italo Almeida Costa ◽  
Hermeson Dos Santos Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The aim of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence on Zoysia japonica Steud (Poaceae) and determine associations with the leaf anatomy of this grass. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were the application of the herbicides bentazon (720 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (50 g ha-1), halosulfuron (112.5 g ha-1), oxadiazon (875 g ha-1) and 2.4-D (698 g ha-1), plus a control treatment without herbicide application. Phytotoxicity was assessed every seven days after application (DAA) of the herbicides until the symptoms disappeared. Foliar anatomical analyses of the leaves in the collected grass were conducted until the 35th DAA. The quantitative characters of the keel and wing region of the blade of Z. japonica were assessed, as well as the biometric characters, which were submitted to an analysis of variance F test, and the averages were compared by Tukey’s test at a probability of 5%. The values of the anatomical characters of the foliar blade were tested by cluster analysis. The application of herbicides did not negatively influence the height of the plants but did reduce their dry mass. Toxic symptoms disappeared after 21 DAA, with the only symptoms of injury observed in plants treated with the herbicides oxadiazon and nicosulfuron. In addition, the cluster analysis indicated the formation of a unique discriminatory group. Thus, the results show that the herbicides applied to Z. japonica were selective for the species.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Morphological and Anatomical Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Nambo and Laroue, East Bungku, Morowali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hartono Karim ◽  
Sakka Samudin ◽  
Maemunah Maemunah
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Made In

This study aims to determine the characteristics of mango plants relied on morphological and anatomical leaf of mango plants in the villages of Nambo and Laroue,subdistrict of East Bungku, Morowali district. An observation of morphological features was conducted in Nambo and Laroue, whereas anatomical observations had been made in the laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University Tadulako, from April to July in 2016. The morphological parameters observed includedage of the plant, plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, canopy shape and color bars. The alteration of leaf anatomy consists of the size of the stomata, the size of the epidermis, and stomatal index. Moreover, the resulthighlightsmorphological and anatomical characters observed on cluster analysis, described in the form of a dendrogram.The implication of the cluster analysis for two villages resultsin four accessions, namely NM1, NM2, NM15 and LR4 that can be benefited as the planting material of quality mango seeds which will be cultivated.

scholarly journals DOSES DE POTÁSSIO E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE EUCALIPTO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
Antonio Henrique Cordeiro Ramalho ◽  
Fernanda Dalfior Maffioletti ◽  
Paulo André Trazzi ◽  
Eduardo Cordeiro Ramalho ◽  
Nilton Cesar Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Base Substrate

A produtividade florestal depende das potencialidades genéticas das matrizes, do ambiente proposto pelos substratos, frequência de irrigação, disponibilidade de luz, nutrição e das condições fitossanitárias. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar os efeitos da aplicação de potássio e de irrigação na qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla. Para tal adotou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas definindo as 2 lâminas de irrigação (10 mm e 15 mm) como parcelas e os 5 níveis de potássio (0; 1,2; 2,4; 4,8; e 9,6 g L-1) como subparcelas, em 5 repetições compostas por 9 plantas. A comparação entre os métodos foi feita através teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade. Aos 120 dias, foram avaliadas: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. O tratamento testemunha apresentou as melhores médias em todos os parâmetros, sendo considerado o mais eficiente. A lâmina de irrigação de 15 mm foi considerada a mais eficiente. Portanto, conclui-se que qualquer que seja o incremento de potássio na produção de mudas, o mesmo deve se relacionar harmonicamente com a quantidade pré-existente no substrato base e com as exigências da cultura, de maneira que haja equilíbrio entre todas as partes. Palavras-chave: manejo hídrico; rustificação; substrato; casa de sombra.   IRRIGATION AND POTASSIUM LEVELS IN THE QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS   ABSTRACT:  Forest productivity depends on the genetic potential of the matrices, the environment proposed by the substrates, frequency of irrigation, availability of light, nutrition and phytosanitary conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of potassium and irrigation on the quality of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings. For this purpose, the experimental design was adopted in subdivided plots, defining the 2 layers of irrigation (10 mm and 15 mm) as plots and the 5 levels of potassium (0; 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; and 9.6 g L-1) as subplots, in 5 repetitions composed of 8 plants. The comparison between the methods was made using the Tukey test with a 5% probability. At 120 days, the following were evaluated: height of the aerial part, diameter of the neck, dry mass of the aerial part and the root. The control treatment showed the best averages in all parameters, being considered the most efficient. The 15 mm irrigation blade was considered the most efficient. Therefore, it is concluded that whatever the potassium increase in the production of seedlings, it must be harmoniously related to the pre-existing quantity in the base substrate and to the requirements of the culture, so that there is balance between all parts. Keywords: water management; rustification; substrate; shadow house.

scholarly journals Profundidade de semeadura no desenvolvimento inicial de pseudocereais

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽  
Thais D'Avila Rosa ◽  
Jonas Albandes Gularte ◽  
Diego Cardoso de Medeiros ◽  
Lilian Vanusa Madruga de Tunes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Tukey Test

<p class="Default">O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de sementes de  amaranto e quinoa. Foram avaliados os efeitos das profundidades de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,5 cm para amaranto e de 0; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; e 4,5 cm para quinoa, obtidas por meio de anéis de pvc, com espessura equivalente a estes valores, que foram imersos no substrato para simular as profundidades de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em bandejas, massa de matéria seca e peso de mil sementes. A profundidade de semeadura para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial indicada para amaranto é de até 1,5 cm, e para quinoa até 2,5 cm.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seeding depth in the initial development of pseudocereals</em></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on emergence of amaranth and quinoa seeds seedlings. The effects of the depths of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.5 cm and amaranth 0; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; quinoa and 4.5 cm, obtained from PVC rings with a thickness equivalent to these values, which were immersed in the substrate to simulate the sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. The germination tests were carried out, first count, seedling emergence on trays, dry mass and weight of a thousand seeds. The seeding depth for the initial development best suited for Amaranthus is up to 1.5 cm, and quinoa to 2.5 cm. </p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Microbiological attributes of a cultivated Plinthosol with sugarcane on different levels of straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-313
Author(s):  
Mirya Grazielle Torres Portela ◽  
Luiz Fernando Leite ◽  
Ranyellson Pires Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Microbial Quotient ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological attributes of a Plinthossol cropped with sugar cane in straw. The experiment was installed in União (04 ° 51’09”S and 42 ° 53’10 ‘’ W, altitude 52 m), northern region of Piauí state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, and treatments corresponding to different rates of straw (Mg.ha-1) (0, 4.19, 9.54, 13.04 and 18.38). Microbiological attributes were determined at a depth of 0-10 cm. Data was submitted to analysis of variance, cluster analysis and main components. An increase of straw in the soil influenced the stocks and contents of C, Cmic, Nmic, respiration and microbial and metabolic quotients. Cluster analysis combined the treatments into three distinct groups. 9.54 Mg.ha-1 of straw treatment was isolated from other treatments, being strongly correlated to the microbial quotient. The group formed by the treatments 13.04 and 18.38 Mg.ha-1 of straw correlated with most of the evaluated attributes, being the best proportions to be used to improve soil quality.

scholarly journals Morphoanatomy and Chlorophyll of Lettuce Plants Induced by Rhizobacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Aline Figueiredo Cardoso ◽  
Marcela Cristiane Ferreira Rêgo ◽  
Telma Fátima Vieira Batista ◽  
Rafael Gomes Viana ◽  
Alba Lucia Ferreira de Almeida Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Desirable Trait

Lettuce is a consumed crop in the world, and increased yield is a desirable trait, and can be realized with the use of biopromotors, already described in many cultures. The objective of this work was to test the ability of two rhizobacterial isolates P. fluorescens (BRM-3211) and B. pyrrocinia (BRM-3213) to promote anatomical and growth changes in lettuce plants in the seedling stage. The increments promoted by B. pyrrocinia were smaller when using P. fluorescens. The BRM-32111 isolate, promoted increases in leaf area of 133%, 31% and 307% of fresh shoot and root mass, also increased 51% and 143% of aerial and root dry mass. The plants inoculated with BRM-32111 increased in 100% and 68% of the aerial part and radicular compared to the control treatment, and induced alterations in the anatomical characteristics in the root in 74% in the radicular diameter, 20% of the thickness of the cortex, 67% of the exoderme and 171% of the endoderm. In the leaf anatomy, BRM 32111 increased by 18% in the parenchyma expansion, 56% in the number of parenchyma cell layers, 122% adaxial endoderm, 23% epidermis, 174% beam expansion, 37% when compared to control. In this way the use of BRM-32111 influences the growth and morphology of lettuce seedlings.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal treatments for overcoming dormancy in seeds of Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Azenate Campos Gomes ◽  
Alecksandra Vieira de Lacerda ◽  
Riselane Lucena de Alcântara Bruno ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Carina Seixas Maia Dornelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Emergence Percentage

The efficiency in the production of seedlings is decisive for the final result of their applicability. Therefore, strategies to ensure a rapid and uniform emergence are necessary, especially when it is associated with sustainable methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different water temperatures as overcoming seed dormancy in Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth., simply and economically, in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, each one consisting of 50 seeds, which were subjected to six treatments: intact seeds (T1/control) and seeds immersed in water at 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95 °C (T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively). Sowing was performed in trays under environmental conditions and evaluations were performed daily for 28 days. The emergence percentage, emergence speed index (ESI), and length and dry mass of seedlings were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). M. ophthalmocentra has tegumentary dormancy, and its emergence was influenced by water temperature. Immersion of seeds in water at 75 ºC for 1 min provided the best result with 60% of emergence, ESI of 2.68, and seedlings with longer lengths and higher dry mass.

scholarly journals Secondary Growth Control in Garlic With Post Emergency Herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rodrigo P. de Assis ◽  
Douglas C. de Souza ◽  
Valter C. de A. Júnior ◽  
Adenilson H. Gonçalves ◽  
Rovilson J. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Medium Mass ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

This study aimed to verify the effect of the herbicides in the secondary growth control, productivity, and quality in garlic. The treatments were 5 herbicides: Glyphosate; Etoxissulfurom; 2-nicotinic acid; Halossulfurom and Metsulfurom-methyl and 5 doses (0; 10; 15; 20 and 25% of the smallest dose recommended for control of the weed). The experimental design was a randomized block, with 3 repetitions. The following evaluations were made: the total and marketable yield of bulbs, a percentage of secondary growth in bulbs, the medium mass of commercial bulbs and the number of bulbils per bulb of the commercial production. Larger productivities total and marketable was observed for the herbicide Glyphosate, 13.93 t ha-1, and 13.16 t ha-1, with doses of 10.81% and 13.12% of the commercial dose, respectively. The smallest incidence of secondary growth 4.05% was observed for Glyphosate with 15.58% of the dose. The largest medium mass of commercial bulbs 35.75 g were observed for the herbicide Glyphosate with 15.83% of the dose. The herbicides 2-nicot&iacute;nic acid and Metsulfurom-methyl reduced the total productivity in relation to the control treatment without herbicide application and they promoted little gain in commercial productivity. Some herbicides can control the secondary growth in vernalized garlic, however, are necessary appropriate doses applied 50 days after the planting.

scholarly journals Production of lettuce changes (lactuca sativa) submitted to different doses of Silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T. O. D. Gonzaga ◽  
C. Araujo ◽  
A. L. Andrade ◽  
J. M. Dos Santos ◽  
G. B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of silicon on the production of lettuce seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a 4x2 factorial scheme, totaling 8 treatments. The first factor corresponded to 4 Si doses (Ca silicate) added to the substrate for seedling production (0; 13.3; 32.3 and 53.2 g.kg-1 of Si on the substrate). The second factor corresponded to two varieties of lettuce, being Mônica SF31 (Crespa) and Rafaela (Americana). The experimental design was the completely randomized, with 4 replicates. The number of leaves (NF), fresh aerial mass (MFPA), dry shoot mass (MSPA), fresh radicular mass (MFRA) and root dry mass (MSRA) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and the means of the treatments compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The seedlings of the Mônica SF31 and Rafaela lettuce varieties do not present differences regarding the Si requirement for the production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA. The application of Si to the substrate can be a viable alternative for the production of lettuce seedlings with higher NF, MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA. Doses of 32.0 to 43.7 g.kg-1 of Si in the substrate are suitable for higher production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA of lettuce Mônica SF31. Doses of 31.5 to 39.8 g.kg-1 of Si in the substrate are suitable for higher production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA of Rafaela lettuce seedlings.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study of Scilla (Scilloideae) Section Chionodoxa and Scilla bifolia in Turkey1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. YILDIRIM ◽  
K. YETISEN ◽  
A. ÖZDEMIR ◽  
C. ÖZDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Scilla Bifolia

ABSTRACT In the present study Scilla luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis, S. siehei, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia are compared anatomically. Some differences have been found in root, scape, and leaf anatomy of the taxa, and commented. S. luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis and S. siehei have a metaxylem at the center of the root, others have 3-4 number metaxylem. Vascular bundles in two row in S. luciliae and S. forbesii in a single row in S. sardensis, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia though in three rows in S. siehei. Aerenchyma tissue is present in mesophyll of five taxa leaf except S. sardensis. The anatomical variations in the taxa have been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). By the analysis of the investigated taxa from 12 anatomy related characters, it has been also found that the results from numerical analysis of anatomy characters can provide additional evidences, which correspond to the anatomy for the recognition of the taxa.

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