Fractionation of carbohydrates and nitrogenous constituents of late-crop corn silages ensiled with different specific masses

The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of carbohydrates and nitrogenous fractions of late-crop corn silages with different specific masses (SM; 90, 134, 172, and 214 kg dry matter m-3). The silage was held in 20-L mini-silos, and the experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications (mini-silos) per treatment. Fractionation was performed according to The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPSv5.0). The SM of the silage significantly affected the contents of ether extract ( ? = 1.718 + 0.0041?SM; P = 0.009; R2 = 39.2), soluble sugars ( ? = 0.9502 - 0.003445?SM; P < 0.001; R2 = 59.9), and soluble fiber ( ? = -0.4731 + 0.01158?SM; P = 0.025; R2 = 31.2). In addition, SM also affected carbohydrate fraction B1 in a linear manner ( ? = 14.88 + 0.2566?SM; P = 0.043; R2 = 38.4), whereas the remaining fractions were unaffected. Furthermore, no change was observed in total N ( ? = 2.003 - 0.01065?SM + 0.000036?SM2; P = 0.041; R2 = 38.8), non-protein N ( ? = 1.436 - 0.01103?SM + 0.000036?SM2; P = 0.060; R2 = 35.1), soluble N ( ? = 1.715 - 0.01450?SM + 0.00005?SM2; P = 0.024; R2 = 43.8), or neutral detergent insoluble N ( ? = 0.4979 - 0.001057?SM; P < 0.001; R2 = 70.6). The results also contributed to the differences in fractions A ( ? = 66.47- 0.5291?SM + 0.00174?SM2; P = 0.095; R2 = 30.4), B2 ( ? = 6.78 + 0.05857?SM; P = 0.076; R2 = 20.8), and B3 (? = 19.03 - 0.05565?SM; P = 0.018, R2 = 34,1) of the Cornell model. In the present study, differences in the compression (i.e., SM) of corn silages caused changes in the contents of soluble sugar and nitrogenous constituents; however, SM alone did not explain the entire preservation of the ensiled material.

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The Effect of Cultivar and Biostimulant Treatment on the Carrot Yield and its Quality

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-012-0014-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aneta Grabowska ◽

Edward Kunicki ◽

Agnieszka Sękara ◽

Andrzej Kalisz ◽

Renata Wojciechowska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Matter Content ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Dry Matter Content

Summary Modifications in growing techniques can affect the yield and nutritional quality of various cultivated plants. Among them, the use of biostimulants is environmental friendly method of stimulating crop productivity, stress resistance, and affecting yield or chemical composition of the plants. The aim of the investigation was determining of the effect of biostimulant treatment on yield and its quality of carrot grown for summer harvest. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2011 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, south Poland. Two experimental factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: Nandrin F1 and Napoli F1 (2) dose of Aminoplant (foliar application): 1.5 and 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 and control (without Aminoplant). Total and marketable yield, root length, its diameter, leaf mass and leaf : root mass ratio were assessed. The dry matter, soluble sugar, carotenoids and nitrate ions contents were analyzed as main determinants of carrot nutritional quality. Aminoplant influenced not only carrot productivity, but mainly chemical composition of the roots. The present results also suggest that carrot reaction to biostimulant treatment was depended on a cultivar more than on environmental conditions in particular growing seasons. The significant effect of Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1 on the yield of roots and leaf rosette mass of ‘Nandrin F1’ appeared only in the first year of the experiment. Spraying with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 significantly increased the soluble sugars content in carrot roots of both cultivars but only in 2011. Dry matter content was also affected by biostimulant treatment mainly for ‘Napoli F1’, which showed the lowest dry matter content when sprayed with Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1. In 2010 control plants contained the greater amount of carotenoids, while in next year roots of plants treated with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 had more these compounds. The significant effect of Aminoplant on nitrates content in carrot roots was observed but were not repeatable in the experimental years, so different climatic conditions modified carrot reaction on biostimulant spraying.

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Some factors influencing the chemical composition of mixed rumen bacteria

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19740005 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

R. H. Smith ◽

A. B. Mcallan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Bacteria ◽

Host Animal ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Total N ◽

Adult Sheep ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Mixed Bacteria ◽

Ciliate Protozoa

1. Sheep, cows and calves fitted with rumen cannulas were given diets mostly containing 10–16 g nitrogen/kg dry matter and consisting of roughage and cereals. Mixed bacteria were separated from samples of their rumen contents.2. Bacteria taken 4–6 h after a feed from calves which were kept in an experimental calf-house with no contact with adult animals (environment A) contained more α-dextran, less total N and higher nucleic acid:total N ratios than similar bacteria from calves reared in contact with adult sheep (environment C) but otherwise treated in an identical way.3. Mixed bacteria taken 4–6 h after a feed from sheep and cows were similar in composition, with respect to nitrogenous components, to those from the ‘environment C’ calves. This composition did not vary significantly when diets containing differing proportions of roughage were given.4. The ‘environment A’ calves were free of ciliate protozoa. When they were placed in contact with, and were inoculated with rumen contents from, adult cattle (environment B), they rapidly developed a normal protozoal population and the chemical composition of their rumen bacteria became like that of the bacteria from the ‘environment C’ calves.5. Mixed bacteria taken just before a feed, from either cows or ‘environment A’ calves, showed significantly lower RNA-N:total N ratios and slightly (but not usually significantly) higher DNA-N:total N ratios than bacteria taken 4–6 h after feeding. Total N contents of the bacteria did not change consistently with time after feeding.6. The possible significance of these differences in relation to the nutrition of the host animal is discussed.

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Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.3126/njbs.v4i1.41682 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

T. N. Mandal ◽

T. P. Gautam

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Local Information ◽

Slight Variation ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

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Preliminary Study on Effect of Early Defoliation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Storage of Reserves on ‘Abbé Fétel’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14465-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 2169-2177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Mesa ◽

Sara Serra ◽

Andrea Masia ◽

Federico Gagliardi ◽

Daniele Bucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Pear Trees

Annual accumulation of starch is affected by carbon reserves stored in the organs during the growing season and is controlled mainly by sink strength gradients within the tree. However, unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., hail events) or application of management practices (e.g., defoliation to enhance overcolor in bicolor apple) could influence the allocation of storage carbohydrates. This preliminary research was conducted to determine the effects of early defoliation on the dry matter, starch, and soluble carbohydrate dynamics in woody organs, roots, and mixed buds classified by age and two levels of crop-load for one growing season in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees (Oct. 2012 to mid-Jan. 2013 in the northern hemisphere). Regardless of the organs evaluated (woody organs, roots, and mixed buds), an increase of soluble carbohydrate concentration was observed in these organs in the period between after harvest (October) and January (dormancy period). Among all organs, woody short-old spurs showed the highest increase (+93.5%) in soluble sugars. With respect to starch, woody organs showed a clear trend of decreasing in concentration between October and January. In this case, short-old spurs showed the smallest decline in starch concentrations, only 6.5%, whereas in other tree organs starch decreased by 34.5%. After harvest (October), leaves showed substantially higher starch and soluble sugar concentrations in trees with lower crop-loads. These results confirm that in the period between October and January, dynamic interconversions between starch and soluble carbohydrates occur at varying magnitudes among organs in pear trees.

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The effects of PLA biodegradable and polypropylene nonwoven crop mulches on selected components of tomato grown in the field

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.1515/fhort-2015-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Izabela Zawiska ◽

Piotr Siwek

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Growing Season ◽

Field Studies ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Cotyledon Stage

ABSTRACT The results of two years (2010-2011) of field studies using two types of nonwoven mulches (one biodegradable, polylactic acid PLA 54 g m-2, and traditional polypropylene PP 50 g m-2) on the yield and quality of tomato are presented. Seeds of tomato (‘Mundi’ F1) were sown in a greenhouse, in containers filled with perlite and sand, and then the plants at the cotyledon stage were replanted in multipot trays filled with substrate for vegetable plants. In the last week of May, seedlings were planted on mulches in the field at a spacing of 50 × 100 cm. The mulch was maintained throughout the growing season. A plot that remained unmulched served as the control. Tomatoes were harvested once a week. The fruits were evaluated for L-ascorbic acid, dry matter, soluble sugars and nitrate content. In 2011, the analysis of the plant material showed that the concentration of L-ascorbic acid was about 23% higher in the tomato fruits harvested from plants grown on biodegradable PLA 61 g m-2 mulch in comparison to the control. A similar effect was demonstrated for the soluble sugar concentration in 2011 for both types of nonwovens.

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Silages of pearl millet submitted to nitrogen fertilization

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782014000500025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 918-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho ◽

Edson Mauro Santos ◽

Fleming Sena Campos ◽

João Paulo de Farias Ramos ◽

Carlos Henrique Oliveira Macedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Lactic Acid Content ◽

Split Plot

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics, losses and the chemical composition of two pearl millet genotypes silages submitted to nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a completely randomized blocks in a split plot scheme 2x5 (two nitrogen genotypes doses x five doses of nitrogen), with four replicates. Nitrogen doses were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80kg ha-1 and the pearl millet genotypes were the variety ADR300 and the hybrid ADR7010. The hybrid ADR 7010 showed average lactic acid content higher than the variety ADR 300, at all doses of N, recording values ranging from 4.09 to 10.46dag kg-1. There was an interaction between nitrogren doses and genotypes for the neutral detergent fiber, which ranged from 51.81 to 63.63dag kg-1 of dry matter. Dry matter recovery decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen doses only for hybrid ADR7010, the same did not happen for the ADR300. The nitrogen fertilization does not favor the fermentation characteristics and increases DM losses of the hybrid ADR7010.

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YIELD, PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SEEDS, PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

Revista Científica Rural ◽

10.30945/rcr-v22i2.3086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 224-239

Author(s):

Tiago Pedó ◽

Angelita Celente Martins ◽

Dominique Dos Santos Delias ◽

Emanuela Garbin Martinazzo ◽

Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of bean seeds in two agricultural crops, and the chemical composition of seedlings submitted to adverse temperatures during germination. For the field experiment, a randomized block design was used, using five genotypes, BRS Embaixador, IPR Tuiuiú, Guabiju, Carioquinha and Mouro, arranged in four replicates. The experimental units were composed of five lines with five meters in length, where 25 plants were randomly collected per experimental unit to measure the characters of interest. For laboratory testing the seeds produced were submitted to three temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C) during germination under controlled conditions. The evaluated characters were: grain yield, mass of a thousand seeds, germination, first germination count, starch content, soluble sugar, soluble protein and total amino acids. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and later compared by the Tukey test. Yield per plant revealed changes between the agricultural crops, as well as among the genotypes tested. Germination and the first germination count revealed higher magnitudes in seeds produced by BRS Embaixador, IPR Tuiuiu and Carioquinha genotypes. For all genotypes, protein and amino acid levels were higher in seedlings submitted to lower temperatures. The levels of starch and total soluble sugars were higher in seedlings produced at 35°C. Yield, seed physiological quality and chemical composition of seedlings are influenced by the crop and genotypes tested.

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Effect Of Age And Wholesale Cuts On The Quality Of Indigenous Sheep Carcass

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9865 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

MA Hamid ◽

S Akhter ◽

SME Rahman ◽

M Khan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Meat Sample ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Bacteria

The study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value and microbial status of different wholesale cuts of sheep carcass. The meat sample was obtained from 3 sheep. The ages of sheep were approximately of 1, 2 and 3 years. The wholesale cuts were shoulder, rack, loin and leg of each sheep carcass. The pH, juiciness, chemical composition, total bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and mould were studied to assess the quality of meat. The range of pH value were 5.077 - 5.927. The value of juiciness was decreased with the age. The value of dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus content of all samples were ranged from 23.32-30.40%, 0.88-1.027%, 20.50-24.88%, 8.10-12.13%, 0.012-0.038% and 0.048-0.185% respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the value of pH, juiciness, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium, phosphorus and yeast (log value) was highly significant (P< 0.01) due to age and cut. Chemical composition, such as dry matter, ash, ether extract and calcium of all the samples increased gradually with the age, except crude protein, which decreased gradually with the age. The phosphorus content of the sample did not differ significantly due to age and cuts. The value of ash content was less significant (P<0.05) due to different cuts but highly significant (P<0.01) due to age. The range of total bacteria and coliform bacteria was 4.210-4.787 and 2.38-3.637/g of sample respectively. The range of yeast was 1.297-2.777/g of sample. Different meat cuts and ages did not show significant difference on total bacteria and coliform bacteria but in case of yeast, the value was highly significant (P<0.01) for the ages and cuts. Nutrient content of mutton varies due to different wholesale cuts as well as age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9865 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 32-38

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Evaluation of the Addition of Urea or Calcium Oxide (CaO) on the Recovery of Dry Matter of the By-Product of Sweet Corn Silage

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽

Andréia Santos Cezário ◽

Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽

Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽

Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Calcium Oxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Ph Values ◽

Additive Type ◽

Type Interaction ◽

The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of different percentages of urea or calcium oxide (CaO) on the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of the by-product of sweet corn silage, without whole kernel corn. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two additives (CaO or urea) and five inclusion levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% in natural matter of by-product of sweet corn silage). There was interaction between the type of additives and addition levels (CaO or urea) for pH values (P < 0.05). The mean pH values ranged from 3.40 to 5.36 in the additive silage. For effluent production, the additive type interaction and addition levels were significant (P < 0.05). The addition of CaO independent of the level used was not effective in reducing dry matter (DM) losses during ensilage. The total losses of DM presented a significant increase with the levels of addition of CaO, varying from 91 to 177% in relation to the control silage. The addition of urea to all levels had a satisfactory effect on the total loss of DM, ranging from 38 to 69% improvement in the reduction in relation to the control silage. The additive CaO was not efficient in reducing the fermentation losses and preserving the silage. However, urea was efficient in the recovery of DM in the ensilage process.

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Effect of gibberellic acid on reserve food mobilization of maize (Zea mays L. var Arun-2) endosperm during germination

Himalayan Journal of Sciences ◽

10.3126/hjs.v1i2.205 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chandra K Subedi ◽

Tribikram Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Food Protein ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Growth Axis ◽

Dry Matter Loss ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Reserve Food

In the first 24 hrs of germination, the dry matter of the growth axis decreased in the control while in 1 mg/l GA3 solution it increased and in 10 mg/l and 100 mg/l the amount remained the same. Exogenous GA3 overcomes the dry matter loss in the growth axis during the initial stage and results in an increase in the amount of dry matter. GA3 application probably mobilized more soluble sugar to the growth axis, which results in an increase in the amount of soluble sugar in the growth axis as compared to caryopsis grown under control. 1 mg/l GA3 enhanced the amount of soluble sugar and decreased the ether extract. In protein mobilization, 1mg/l and 10mg/l GA3 solution appeared as effective as other treatments during the period from 48 to 96 hrs after sowing. The germination of seeds correlated directly with the mobilization of endosperm reserve. The seeds treated with 1 mg/l GA3 solution showed higher mobilization of endosperm reserve, which ultimately showed the higher germination percentage. Key words: GA3 mobilization, Zea mays, reserve food, protein, soluble sugar, ether extract Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 99-102, 2003

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