Evaluation of supplementation plans for suckling beef calves managed on tropical pasture

This study assessed the effects of different amounts of supplement on the productive performance, nutrional caracteristics and behaviour of suckling beef calves, as well as on the productive performance of their dams on tropical pastures. Forty-four male Nellore beef calves with an average age of 120 days and an initial average body weight (BW) of 145±3.7 kg and their respective dams, with an average BW of 449±6.9 kg, were used. The amounts of supplement evaluated were as follows: 0 = calves received only mineral mixture ad libitum; 3, 6, and 9 = calves received 3, 6, or 9 g kg-1 BW of supplement, respectively, containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed). The experimental design was completely randomized. A positive linear effect (P < 0.01) was observed in the intakes of dry matter and organic matter, and a cubic effect (P < 0.07) was observed for the intake of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. There was quadratic effect (P < 0.06) for total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. A cubic effect (P < 0.01) was observed for the calves’ performance. However, the calves’ supplementation did not affect the milk yield and performance (P ? 0.21) of their dams. The supplementation decreased grazing time (P < 0.01) but did not influence suckling time (P ? 0.59). It is recommended supplying of supplement containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed) in amount 6 g kg-1 BW to suckling beef calves managed in tropical pasture. Supplementation of suckling beef calves increases the intake of dry matter, decreases grazing time and forage intake. However, it does not affect the suckling time and productive performance of their dams.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of grazing beef cows receiving supplements with different protein contents

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 3361

Author(s):

Sidnei Antônio Lopes ◽

Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽

Edenio Detmann ◽

Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽

Ériton Egídio Lisboa Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Nitrogen ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Average Body

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different crude protein contents on the productive performance of grazing beef cows during post-calving. Thirty-six beef cows, with age and average body weight of 5 years and 490±17.9 kg, respectively, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. The treatments were: control = cows received only mineral mixture ad libitum; supplemented = cows received 1 kg d-1 of supplement containing 80, 200, or 320 g crude protein (CP) kg-1. There was no effect (P ? 0.16) of supplementation on voluntary intake. A linear effect (P < 0.02) of the CP content in the supplements was observed among supplemented cows, only for the CP intake. Supplementation did not affect (P ? 0.20) the total digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, and CP. Among supplemented cows, a positive linear effect (P < 0.01) of the CP content in the supplement was observed for the CP digestibility. Intestinal flow of microbial nitrogen compounds and efficiency of synthesis microbial were not affected (P ? 0.18) by treatments. Performance, milk yield and composition were not also affected (P ? 0.11) by treatments. Supplementation did not affect (P ? 0.52) non-esterified fatty acids, urea nitrogen and progesterone serum concentrations. It is concluded that supplementation of grazing beef cows during post-calving does not affect nutritional and productive performance.

Download Full-text

Intake, digestibility and performance of lambs fed with diets containing cassava peels

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000300010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gilmara Santos Guimarães ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Luciano Lemos da Silva ◽

Luísa Miranda Girardi Galvão ◽

Lenon Machado dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Linear Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Cassava Peel

Sheep farming is designated to economic exploitation, and dry matter intake is the most important factor that influences the performance of animal, thus seeking alternative foods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of cassava peel on intake, digestibility and performance of feedlot lambs. We used 32 crossbred lambs Santa Inês uncastrated, mean body weight of 21 ± 1.5 kg. Treatments were arranged in a randomized design to animals, with inclusion levels of cassava peel (0, 10, 20, 30%) in the diet dry matter and forage cassava leaf hay. During 70 days, there have been weighing the food provided, leftovers, and animals, and feces collection. The intake of dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), ether extract (EEI), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDIap), total carbohydrates (CTI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFCI), total digestible nutrients (TDNI), as well as DMI and NDFap/kgCP, DMI and NDFIap/PC0.75 levels have not been affected by the inclusion of cassava peel. Similar results for DM digestibility, NDF, CP, MO, CT and the TDN. DEE had a growing linear effect whereas DNFC presented a quadratic effect. Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), initial body weight (BWinitial), final body weight (BWfinal), warm carcass weight (WCW) and warm carcass yield (WCR) showed no changes. It is concluded that the peel cassava may be included in diet until 30%, without change dry matter intake and animal performance.

Download Full-text

Diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows supplemented with live yeast

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162011000300005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Luciene Lignani Bitencourt ◽

José Ricardo Martins Silva ◽

Bruno Menezes Lopes de Oliveira ◽

Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽

Fernanda Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Yield Response ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

And Performance ◽

Live Yeast

Dietary yeast supplementation may improve the digestive efficiency of ruminants, but responses depend on the yeast strain and the diet composition. Corn silage and citrus pulp are usual carbohydrate sources for dairy cows in southeast Brazil. This study evaluated the supplementation of dairy cows fedding on corn silage-citrus pulp-based diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (Lallemand SAS, Toulouse, France). Twenty multiparous, midlactation Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in crossover design. Treatments were: live yeast on oyster meal capable of supplying a daily minimum of 1 × 10(10) CFU per cow or oyster meal top-dressed at 10 g to the morning meal. Diet contained (% of dry matter): 16.8% crude protein, 30.9% neutral detergent fiber, 43.9% corn silage, 2% tifton hay, 14.4% steam flaked corn, 16.9% citrus pulp and 21.7% soybean meal. Yeast supplementation increased daily yields of milk (29.4 vs. 28.5 kg, p = 0.11), protein (0.939 vs. 0.908 kg, p = 0.05), and lactose (1.294 vs. 1.241 kg, p = 0.06), but did not affect milk fat contents (p = 0.59). Daily dry matter intake was 21.4 with yeast and 20.7 kg for the control (p = 0.11). Total tract apparent digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber was 48.1% with yeast and 43.2% for the control (p = 0.08). There was a trend for increased intake of digestible organic matter with yeast supplementation (p = 0.07). The positive milk protein yield response to yeast supplementation may have resulted from the increased fiber digestibility, but the response mechanism could not be elucidated.

Download Full-text

Nutritional composition of 'Ponta Negra' forage sorghum silage enriched with dried Leucaena leucocephala forage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5supl1p2397 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽

pp. 2397

Author(s):

Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽

Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo Alves de Araújo ◽

Francisco Naysson de Sousa Santos ◽

Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Sorghum Silage

he aim of this study was to evaluate fermentation and chemical characteristics and the in situ degradability of sorghum silages enriched with dried Leucaena. The experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with four treatments (0 - control silage, silage without leucaena; 10.0, 20.0, or 30.0% inclusion of Leucaena) and five replicates, totaling 20 experimental units. The inclusion levels of leucaena influenced (P 0.05), with all silages having values above 90%. Gas loss decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of leucine increased in sorghum silage. A linear increase was observed for dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and crude protein (P = 0.0008) contents in response to Leucaena inclusion. There was a linear (P < 0.05) linear effect on neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber. As leucaena inclusion levels increased, for each 1% inclusion a reduction of 0.179 was observed; 0.059 and 0.119% for the values of neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber respectively. The inclusion of leucaena influenced (P < 0.05) the increase of silage lignin levels, probably due to the higher lignin content of the legume. The soluble fraction (a) of the silages increased along with the Leucaena inclusion levels, with highest values observed at the inclusion of 20 and 30% of the legume, respectively. Potential degradation (A) increased linearly with the levels of Leucaena added to the silage; the highest value for this variable was observed at 30% inclusion. Effective degradability (ED) increased up to the inclusion level of 20% (46.77%). Degradation rate (c) decreased markedly with the use of 30% Leucaena. The use of the forage part of Leucaena dried for three hours leads to reduced gas production, increased dry matter and crude protein contents, and decreased fiber contents. The degradability of dry matter increases up to the inclusion level of 20%.

Download Full-text

Production performance of crossbred dairy cows fed palm kernel cake in feedlots

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2103

Author(s):

Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Antônio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽

Evely Giovanna Leite Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Crossbred Cows ◽

And Performance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet on dietary intake and digestibility and performance of lactating crossbred cows. Twelve Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows were distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares with the following treatments: control (no inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet); inclusion of 50 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, 100 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, and 150 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter. There was no effect of palm kernel cake on the intakes of dry matter, corrected neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients. The intakes of crude protein and ether extract increased linearly. Inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet did not influence the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, or milk production, feed efficiency, and body weight change. Fat-corrected milk yield increased linearly with the addition of palm kernel cake. Inclusion of up to 150 g of palm kernel cake in diets did not influence the dietary intake and performance of lactating cows or the composition of their milk.

Download Full-text

Intake and performance of confined bovine fed fresh or ensilaged sugar cane based diets and corn silage

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000500022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1095-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Felipe Antunes Magalhães ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽

Laura Franco Prados ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Calcium Oxide ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Superior Performance ◽

And Performance

It was evaluated intake, total apparent digestibility, performance and feeding behavior of bovine fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane given fresh or crushed and given 72 hours after storage, ensilaged sugar cane with or without 1% of calcium oxide and concentrate at the proportion of 1% of the body weight. It was used 35 bovines, distributed in a random block design, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The animals were housed in collective stalls with troughs individualized by electronic gates. The animals fed diet with corn silage presented greater intake of all nutrients and greater total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, as well as greater weight gain and subcutaneous fat thickness. Animals fed diet with fresh sugar cane presented greater nutrient intake as well as better dry matter digestibility, ether extract and TDN content and a superior performance in relation to animals fed ensilaged sugar cane diets. Animals fed silage of sugar cane with calcium oxide presented greater digestibility of organic matter, NFC and content of TDN but they did not differ on performance in relation to the use of silage of sugar cane without calcium oxide. Intake and performance of animals did not change with or without storage of sugar cane. It was concluded that animals fed diets with corn silage present performances superior to the ones which are fed sugar cane based diets, and animals fed fresh sugar diet are superior to the animals fed diets with sugar cane silage.

Download Full-text

Maniçoba hay or silage replaces Tifton 85 hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michel Do Vale Maciel ◽

Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽

Ângela Maria Vieira Batista ◽

Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽

Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Manihot Glaziovii ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Nutrition, Growth, Carcass and Meat of Male Goats Fed Babassu Mesocarp Flour

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Aylpy R. D. Santos ◽

Jarlyanne N. C. Souza ◽

Henrique N. Parente ◽

Graziele S. Oliveira ◽

Karlyene S. Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Physical And Chemical

Twenty-eight Boer × Saanen castrated male goats (21.6 ± 3.0 kg of initial body weigh) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of increasing levels (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg, in dry matter basis) of dietary babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and meat physical and chemical composition. When significant treatment effects were found, data were submitted to orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses. BMF did not change the intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. However, it increased linearly the total carbohydrates intake (p = 0.013), neutral detergent fiber intake (p < 0.001) and digestibility (p = 0.027), while it decreased linearly the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (p < 0.001) and ether extract (p < 0.001), without changing their digestibility (p > 0.05). The dressing percentage (p = 0.003) and rib eye area (p = 0.024) had a quadratic effect with increasing levels of BMF. The total gastrointestinal weight (TGI) had an increased linear effect (p = 0.001), while the proportion of rumen (p = 0.010), omasum (p < 0.001) and abomasum (p = 0.001) increased linearly with BMF addition. The same effects were presented in leg weight (p = 0.045) and muscle weight (p = 0.049). Weight and yields of commercial cuts and meat physicochemical composition did not change (p > 0.05) with inclusion levels of BMF. The addition of babassu mesocarp flour up to 200 g/kg in the diet of male goat can improve the dressing percentage without major changes in meat physical and chemical traits, representing an attractive alternative feed.

Download Full-text

Productive Performance, Milk Composition and Milk Fatty Acids of Goats Supplemented with Sunflower and Linseed Whole Seeds in Grass Silage-Based Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Carlos Alberto García Montes de Oca ◽

Nazario Pescador Salas ◽

Julieta G. Estrada Flores ◽

José Romero Bernal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Concentrate Mixture

The objective of this study was to determine productive performance, milk composition and milk fatty acids (FA) of goats supplemented with sunflower and linseed whole seeds in grass silage-based diets. Nine Alpine goats were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (n = 3), that included three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on grass silage offered ad libitum and a concentrate mixture supplemented with either 40 g/d of Megalac-R® (control), 80 g/d of sunflower seed (SF), or 80 g/d of linseed (LS). Dry matter intake (1292 ± 14.0 g/d) and digestibility (g/kg) of dry matter (640 ± 32.1), organic matter (668 ± 32.4), neutral detergent fiber (628 ± 41.4) and acid detergent fiber (567 ± 60.9) was not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment did not affect milk fat yield (39.9 ± 1.24 g/d), protein content (4.5 ± 0.03 %) and protein yield (34.7 ± 1.22 g/d). Compared to control, SF and LS, decreased C16:0 (28.2 vs. 23.1 and 22.4 g/100 g), and increased total C18:1 (24.1 vs. 27.6 and 28.4 g/100 g) respectively. Overall, SF and LS resulted an effective strategy for altering the FA composition of goat´s milk towards a healthier profile for humans without deleterious effects on animal performance.

Download Full-text