Formulation of weekly and monthly thumb rule models for prediction of potential productivity of sunflower in Punjab

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of meteorological parameters on Sunflower crop by analyzing meteorological and crop data (2003-2017) for three locations (Ludhiana, Ballowal Saunkhari and Amritsar) and to develop weather based “Weekly and Monthly Thumb Rule Models” for predicting the potential yield of sunflower crop in Punjab. These climatic normals were used for comparing the actual data to evaluate the effect of meteorological parameters on the yield of sunflower. In Punjab, ideally humid (maximum relative humidity between 77% - 94%) weather from mid-February to mid-March is favourable for optimum growth and development of vegetative stage in crop. The warm temperature (>35 ºC) during the seed development period after the flowering stage of sunflower is favourable for seed yield. However, heavy rainfall in the months of April and May with cloudy weather (sunshine hour < 9.2 hour) are not favourable for its productivity. The actual meteorological data of high yield crop years over the past 15 years were analyzed for different growth stages of sunflower to work out the critical ranges of meteorological parameters. Weather based “Thumb Rule Models” using the weekly and monthly meteorological data for different growth stages were formulated for use in developing the crop weather insurance term sheets and also predicting the potential yield of sunflower crop.

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Differences in xylem development between Dutch and Japanese tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) correlate with cytokinin levels in hypocotyls

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 315-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaohua Qi ◽

Hirokazu Takahashi ◽

Yasushi Kawasaki ◽

Yuya Ohta ◽

Masahide Isozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽

Xylem Development ◽

Isopentenyl Adenine ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Difference ◽

Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽

The Relationship ◽

Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background and Aims Dutch tomato cultivars tend to have a greater yield than Japanese cultivars even if they are grown under the same conditions. Factors contributing to the increased yield of the Dutch cultivars were a greater light use efficiency and greater leaf photosynthetic rate. On the other hand, the relationship between tomato yields and anatomical traits is still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the anatomical traits related to the difference in yield between Dutch and Japanese cultivars. Methods Anatomical properties were compared during different growth stages of Dutch and Japanese tomatoes. Hormone profiles and related gene expression in hypocotyls of Dutch and Japanese cultivars were compared in the hypocotyls of 3- and 4-week-old plants. Key results Dutch cultivars have a more developed secondary xylem than Japanese cultivars, which would allow for greater transport of water, mineral nutrients and phytohormones to the shoots. The areas and ratios of the xylem in the hypocotyls of 3- to 6-week-old plants were larger in the Dutch cultivars. In reciprocal grafts of the Japanese and Dutch cultivars, xylem development at the scion and rootstock depended on the scion cultivar, suggesting that some factors in the scion are responsible for the difference in xylem development. The cytokinin content, especially the level of N6-(Δ 2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP)-type cytokinin, was higher in the Dutch cultivars. This result was supported by the greater expression of Sl-IPT3 (a cytokinin biosynthesis gene) and Sl-RR16/17 (a cytokinin-responsive gene) in the Dutch cultivars. Conclusions These results suggest that iP-type cytokinins, which are locally synthesized in the hypocotyl, contribute to xylem development. The greater xylem development in Dutch cultivars might contribute to the high yield of the tomato.

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Development of Chlorophyll-Meter-Index-Based Dynamic Models for Evaluation of High-Yield Japonica Rice Production in Yangtze River Reaches

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 106 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ke Zhang ◽

Xiaojun Liu ◽

Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim ◽

Jingshan Lu ◽

Brian Krienke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

High Yield ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Ripening Period ◽

The Third ◽

Different Growth Stages

Accurate estimation of the nitrogen (N) spatial distribution of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is imperative when it is sought to maintain regional and global carbon balances. We systematically evaluated the normalized differences of the soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) index (the normalized difference SPAD indexes, NDSIs) between the upper (the first and second leaves from the top), and lower (the third and fourth leaves from the top) leaves of Japonica rice. Four multi-location, multi-N rate (0–390 kg ha−1) field experiments were conducted using seven Japonica rice cultivars (9915, 27123, Wuxiangjing14, Wunyunjing19, Wunyunjing24, Liangyou9, and Yongyou8). Growth analyses were performed at different growth stages ranging from tillering (TI) to the ripening period (RP). We measured leaf N concentration (LNC), the N nutrition index (NNI), the NDSI, and rice grain yield at maturity. The relationships among the NDSI, LNC, and NNI at different growth stages showed that the NDSI values of the third and fourth fully expanded leaves more reliably reflected the N nutritional status than those of the first and second fully expanded leaves (LNC: NDSIL3,4, R2 > 0.81; NDSIothers, 0.77 > R2 > 0.06; NNI: NDSIL3,4, R2 > 0.83; NDSIothers, 0.76 > R2 > 0.07; all p < 0.01). Two new diagnostic models based on the NDSIL3,4 (from the tillering to the ripening period) can be used for effective diagnosis of the LNC and NNI, which exhibited reasonable distributions of residuals (LNC: relative root mean square error (RRMSE) = 0.0683; NNI: RRMSE = 0.0688; p < 0.01). The relationship between grain yield, predicted yield, and NDSIL3,4 were established during critical growth stages (from the stem elongation to the heading stages; R2 = 0.53, p < 0.01, RRMSE = 0.106). An NDSIL3,4 high-yield change curve was drawn to describe critical NDSIL3,4 values for a high-yield target (10.28 t ha−1). Furthermore, dynamic-critical curve models based on the NDSIL3,4 allowed a precise description of rice N status, facilitating the timing of fertilization decisions to optimize yields in the intensive rice cropping systems of eastern China.

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Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1504395h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 395-406

Author(s):

El Hassan ◽

Yasir Gamar ◽

Ibrahim Elzein ◽

Asma Ali ◽

Tareg Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

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The impact of climatic variability and climate change on arabic coffee crop in Brazil

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052010000100030 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Marcelo Bento Paes de Camargo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Water ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Growth Stages

The climatic variability is the main factor responsible for the oscillations and frustrations of the coffee grain yield in Brazil. The relationships between the climatic parameters and the agricultural production are quite complex, because environmental factors affect the growth and the development of the plants under different forms during the growth stages of the coffee crop. Agrometeorological models related to the growth, development and productivity can supply information for the soil water monitoring and yield forecast, based on the water stress. A soil water balance during different growth stages of the coffee crop, can quantify the effect of the available soil water on the decrease of the final yield. Other climatic factors can reduce the productivity, such as adverse air temperatures happened during different growth stages. Solar radiation and relative humidity influence many physiological processes of the coffee tree but are not generally thought to play an important role as thermal and rainfall conditions in defining potential yield or ecological limitations for this crop. According to the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the global temperature is supposed to increase 1.1ºC to 6.4ºC and the rainfall 15% in the tropical areas of Brazil. Some Global warming projections as presented by IPCC will cause a strong decrease in the coffee production in Brazil. According to the literature besides the reduction of suitable areas for coffee production, the crop will tend to move South and uphill regions. This review article analyze the effect that these possible scenarios would have in the agro-climatic coffee zoning in Brazil, and adaptive solutions, such as agronomic mitigations and development of cultivars adapted to high temperatures is considered.

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Performance, agronomic traits, ensilability and nutritive value of pearl millet cultivar harvested at different growth stages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620000222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (3) ◽

pp. 225-232

Author(s):

R. D. Santos ◽

A. L. A. Neves ◽

L. G. R. Pereira ◽

L. E. Sollenberger ◽

E. N. Muniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

High Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Silage Production ◽

Different Growth Stages

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

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Evaluation of Drought Stress Tolerance Based on Selection Indices in Haricot Bean Varieties Exposed to Stress at Different Growth Stages

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/6617874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Awoke Wasae

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Strong Association ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Morphological Marker ◽

Drought Intensity ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Selection Indices ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Different Growth Stages

A pot experiment was conducted at Hawassa University, Ethiopia, with the objectives of identifying relatively drought-tolerant haricot bean varieties and identifying sensitive growth stages of this plant to drought stress based on selection indices under greenhouse conditions. Ten improved haricot bean varieties were subjected to drought stress at vegetative, flowering, and pod setting stages by withholding water for 15 days. Seed yields (g plant−1) under stress (Ysi) and nonstress (Ypi) conditions were recorded, and all indices were calculated for the three drought stress levels (vegetative, flowering, and pod setting) against the yield obtained from the nonstress (Ypi) treatment. Drought intensity indices at vegetative, flowering, and pod setting stages were 0.046, 0.335, and 0.249, respectively. Drought stress imposition at the flowering stage resulted in high values of DII, DSI, PYR, and SSPI and low values of DRI, GM, MP, YSI, MRP, REI, and RDI reflecting that flowering is the most sensitive growth stage to drought stress. Low values of DSI, PYR, and SSPI and high values of DRI, GM, MP, YSI, MRP, REI, and RDI for H/dumme, Wajo, and Nasir confirmed that they are tolerant to drought stresses that occur at different growth stages. Those varieties also showed the best mean of rank and low standard deviation. A strong association between Ypi and Ysi was observed under drought stress at the vegetative stage but not under flowering and pod setting stages. Ysi had a positive correlation with DRI, GM, MP, MRP, and REI while a significant and negative correlation with PYR and DSI depicting that they are a better predictor of potential yield under a stress condition and they can use as a morphological marker by the plant breeder.

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