scholarly journals Differential Game Model for Disaster Relief Cooperation between Host Government and Private Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAN YANG
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Marginal Revenue ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The decision of the private sector to fulfil corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an issue of common concern for the host country government and the private sector in collaborative disaster relief. From the perspective of social responsibility, this paper describes the different cooperation strategies of non-cooperation, cost subsidy, and collaborative cooperation, and constructs a differential game model of disaster relief cooperation between the government and the private sector. The rate of reputational decay has a significant effect on system benefits. The optimal CSR cost subsidy rate is related to marginal revenue and has nothing to do with other factors. Compared with the non-cooperative case, in the situation of the cost of subsidies, as the host country government and marginal revenue is greater than the private sector of the marginal revenue through government subsidies for the private sector in CSR and the government's optimal level of CSR efforts remained unchanged, the optimal level of CSR efforts to improve the private sector, the government, and the private sector's earnings are improving; Compared with the cost subsidy, the optimal CSR effort level of the government and the private sector increases in the case of collaborative cooperation, and so does the system benefit.

scholarly journals Who Values Corporate Social Responsibility in the Korean Stock Market?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangki Lee ◽  
Insu Kim ◽  
Chung-hun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Korean Stock Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

In this study, we explore the stock market’s response to new information that a firm has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) in Korea. In addition, we investigate which investor group contributes to the changes, if any significant increase in returns is found, after a firm’s incorporation into the DJSI. This study aims to identify which investors value corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Korean stock market and examine whether the government-led campaigns for CSR have affected private sector investors, as well as those from the public sector. We find statistically significant abnormal returns for firms after their first listing in the index, implying that investors in Korean markets consider a firm’s inclusion in the DJSI as good news for the firm value. Using a unique dataset from the Korea Exchange (KRX) on investors, we classify investors into four groups: individual investors, public pension funds, other institutional investors, and foreign investors. Unlike prior studies that focus only on the existence of abnormal returns, we investigate the trading behavior of each investor group for such announcements. We find that it is mainly the buying pressure of public pension funds that generates abnormal returns. By contrast, we cannot find statistically significant results for the other investor groups. This result implies that the government-led campaign for CSR has only had limited effects in the Korean stock market, and that awareness of CSR in the private sector should be improved.

scholarly journals Differential Game Analysis of the Green Innovation Cooperation in Supply Chain under the Background of Dual-Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Guiju Zhu ◽  
Jialing Li ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Haiyun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Profit Distribution ◽  
Innovation Cooperation ◽  
The Government

Taking government environmental regulation and consumer’s green preference into a unified analytical framework, this study constructed a differential game model. With the joint effect of supplier and manufacturer green innovation efforts on the dynamic change of the product’s green level, it compared and analyzed the long-term dynamic equilibrium strategies of green innovation cooperation in a supply chain under decentralized and centralized decision-making situations. Accordingly, a scientific and reasonable profit-distribution contract was then proposed. On this basis, it further carried out a numerical simulation analysis on the dual-driving effects of the government and market. The results showed that the scientific and reasonable profit-distribution contract under the centralized decision-making situation, which was designed by using the Rubinstein bargaining game model, could effectively ensure that the supply chain members’ sharing profits would realize "Dual Pareto Improvements." With the increase of the environmental regulation’s intensity, the product’s green level kept rising and tended to be stable. However, the overall equilibrium profit of the supply chain was characterized by "U" fluctuation, which first descended and then ascended. In addition, the product’s green level, the green innovation investment and equilibrium (distributed) profits of supply chain members, and the overall profits of supply chain all increased with the consumers’ green preference.

scholarly journals The Earthquake in Ōsaka-Fu Hokubu on 18 June 2018 and its Ensuing Disaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoshi Hirata ◽  
Reo Kimura ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Osaka Prefecture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Public Bodies

An M6.1 earthquake occurred in the northern part of Ōsaka-fu (Osaka Prefecture) on June 18, 2018, with many areas in the Kinki region experiencing intense shaking. In Ōsaka City and Takatsuki City seismic intensity 6 lower was observed, resulting in 4 deaths, 15 people sustaining serious injuries, 419 people sustaining minor injuries, 10 completely destroyed residence, 181 partially destroyed residences, and 32,989 residences partially damaged (as of July 17, 2018). There were 339 cases of people being trapped in elevators. At most, approximately 1700 people were evacuated. While there were no derailment incidents on the Shinkansen or local train lines, service was suspended on most railways. Following this earthquake, Ōsaka-fu took the decision to apply The Disaster Relief Act. Response was then enacted by the government local public bodies, and the private sector.

Dynamic game analysis of hybrid strategy of enterprise fulfilling social responsibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092094061
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Cost

In order to analyze the game relationship of corporate social responsibility, this paper uses evolutionary game theory to construct the dynamic game of mixed strategy by using government supervision, enterprises and the public as the main body of the three-party game. The results show that in the tripartite game, the more the expected revenue of government departments, enterprises, and the public increases, the more likely it is that the government departments will adopt a strict supervision strategy and the company will choose to assume social responsibility. The higher the cost of government supervision, the higher the cost of corporate social responsibility, and the more the loss of social welfare. Then the government department adopts a general regulatory strategy, and the company chooses not to assume social responsibility, the more likely the public will give negative evaluation of the company. The conclusion is that the strict supervision of the government supervision department has greatly increased the penalty ‘cost of enterprises’ failure to perform social responsibility. This helps enterprises to consciously perform social responsibility, and thus get positive comments from the public.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility in Perspective of Public Administration (A Governance Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Said Achmad Lamo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

The Implementation of CSR in Indonesia, most of them are not run in accordance with the existing theory because the government and society in CSR activities are not fully authorised to engage in these activities, due to the fact that private sector directly manages the CSR fund. Thus, the theory of governance puts three pillars as a principal provider of public service life, those are, (1) the state, (2) the civil society and (3) the private sector.  CSR has to involve all parts or elements which know about CSR, with a focus on the implementation of CSR has to be published and transparent;  the CSR Fund is administered by a forum / team through a memorandum of understanding facilitated by the government in accordance with its role as mandating, facilitating, partnering, and endorsing; the CSR forum consists of government, private sector, and society; the form of regional regulation on CSR by reference to Constitution Number 40 of 2007 on the Limited Liability Private sectors and Government Regulation Number 47 of 2012 on Corporate Social Responsibility so that CSR is considered as one of the important instruments in public administration.

scholarly journals Differential Game and Simulation Study on Management Synergy of Regional Coal Mine Emergencies in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Chaolun Sun ◽  
Jianping Wei ◽  
Sasa Gu ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Emergency management of coal mines requires enhanced synergy among departments, institutions, and enterprises, which means overall efficiency in management. Their synergy can effectively lower the cost of emergency management, improve the effectiveness of it, and build a strong joint force for the prevention and control of emergencies. Accordingly, this study established a synergy system for regional coal mine emergency management and analyzed the interest relationship among key stakeholders in the system. Then, it established differential game models of the management synergy, explored the selection process of the behavior strategy of each stakeholder under different situations, and provided important tools for quantitative analysis on emergency management synergy practice. Furthermore, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the influencing factors of their decision behaviors. The research results are of great significance for the comprehension of the evolution mechanism for the emergency management synergy of coal mines, the assistance for the government in determining the optimal method in emergency management synergy, the mobilization of the stakeholders, and the improvement of the current situation of emergency management synergy of coal mines in China.

scholarly journals Private Sector and Corporate Social Responsibility: Understandings and Perspectives of Different Stakeholders. Case study of a Mining Company in Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pisay Souvansay
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Corporate Social

<p>Corporations play a significant role in social and economical development globally. They play a significant role in supporting and boosting economic growth and local development as they provide job opportunities, contribute to infrastructure development, and generate income and wealth in societies. However, corporations also bring some negative impacts. Corporations, in particular those in extractive industries, can create a wide range of harmful effects and hazards to human health and livelihoods as well as to the environment. The negative impacts have attracted significant attention from related parties and prompted corporations to take a great deal of care in managing their impacts. As a result, companies are trying to improve their business strategies and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of these strategies by which companies try to differentiate themselves from others and to mitigate their negative impacts.  CSR has gradually emerged over many decades and recently became a focus of discussion among businesses and other stakeholders. However, the consensus on the definition of CSR is still limited. Various definitions of CSR have been created based on the interests, perspectives and expectations of different organisations.  This research explores the different understandings and perspectives of different groups of people around the way private sector is implementing CSR in Lao PDR, focusing on a foreign mining company as the case study. The research will also identify how these perspectives and expectations impact the strategies of CSR, especially regarding to rural development and poverty reduction in Laos.  The results of this thesis show that CSR is relatively a new concept in Laos but it is increasingly significant with the government and businesses themselves both paying more attention to CSR concerns. There is still unclear and common understanding among key stakeholders namely, government, business and other related stakeholders such as communities and other organisations. Fulfilling the legal obligations seems to be sufficient for the business and the government to claim that they are CSR companies while the community and other organisations expect corporations to do more than what only in the contract. In order to promote and encourage CSR to be effective and efficient, mutual understanding needs to be created, negotiated and agreed among keys stakeholders.</p>

scholarly journals A Pervasive Economic Fallacy in Assessing the Cost of Public Funds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

In the assessment of the cost of public funds, there is a pervasive economic fallacy that is frequently repeated in public policy circles: because the cost of borrowing is higher for a private-sector firm than it is for a public-sector firm, the cost of carrying out an activity (investment, production, distribution, provision of goods and services, and borrowing) will necessarily be lower ceteris paribus in the public sector than in the private sector. The statement is erroneous because part of the government’s cost of borrowing, namely the risk borne by citizens, customers, and taxpayers, is hidden from the casual observer of market interest rates or yields. The all-inclusive borrowing cost, more generally the all-inclusive cost of capital, is the same for both the public and the private sectors. I discuss four specific real cases in which the error is present: the Quebec Generations Fund, the Québec CDPQ Infra–Réseu express métropolitain project, the Infrastructure Ontario methodology to assess the riskiness of costs, and the BC Hydro Site C hydroelectric megaproject. I also discuss a general fifth case, namely government support programs for businesses (grants, loans, guarantees, subsidies, etc.), which are generally justified on the fallacious claim that the cost of financing is lower for the government than for the private sector. I propose an auction process by which the true cost of business support programs could be made transparent. I conclude with an appeal for a more rigorous use and management of public funds because miscalculation, misinformation, mismanagement, and fallacious analysis will eventually backfire.

Basic Needs: Paternalistic Government Welfare Policy with Distortionary Taxation

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
Distortionary Taxation ◽  
The Government

This article analyzes government welfare policy in a general equilibrium setting with distortionary taxation. Government welfare policy is in accordance with the preferences of donor-taxpayers who want the consumption-leisure bundle of recipients to satisfy “basic needs.” The main focus is on the optimal level of employment for a destitute welfare recipient from the donor-taxpayer's perspective. This optimal level depends on the distortionary cost of taxation, whether the donor regards leisure or work as a basic “need,” and the distribution of the recipient's income if work is required. It is argued that donor appropriation of income resulting from mandatory recipient work in the private sector is not necessarily superior to either letting recipients retain their income or having the government appropriate the recipient's income from mandatory public sector employment.

Private Medical Care and the British Conservative Government: What Price Independence?

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Health Care Industry ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses issues raised by the uneven expansion of private health care in Britain in recent years. The problems being experienced by the industry have exposed divisions in the private health care industry and have provoked criticisms of the Government and requests for a greater degree of state support for, and regulation of, the industry. The paper therefore examines the scope for changes of government policy to facilitate further expansion. It argues that few of the alternatives are either technically adequate, in terms of solving the private sector's problems, or politically feasible, in the sense of being electorally justifiable. It concludes that policies to further private sector expansion could be implemented only at the cost of the private sector's independence, or at the expense of the Government's commitment to the NHS.

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