scholarly journals An Overview of Perceptual Hashing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Farid
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Harmful Content ◽  
Perceptual Hashing

It is said that what happens on the internet stays on the internet, forever. In some cases this may be considered a feature. Reports of human rights violations and corporate corruption, for example, should remain part of the public record. In other cases, however, digital immortality may be considered less desirable. Most would agree that terror-related content, child sexual abuse material, non-consensual intimate imagery, and dangerous disinformation, to name a few, should not be so easily found online. Neither human moderation nor artificial intelligence is currently able to contend with the spread of harmful content. Perceptual hashing has emerged as a powerful technology to limit the redistribution of multimedia content (including audio, images, and video). We review how this technology works, its advantages and disadvantages, and how it has been deployed on small- to large-scale platforms.

Blockchain Technology and Its Uses in the Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Yunus Topsakal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The public and private sectors will undergo a significant transformation with the use of blockchain technology, and this potential of blockchain technology will be influential in all areas of life. In addition, blockchain technology can help ease the integration of the Internet of Things, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence applications. The question of how such a technology that is in the process of development will be applied in areas such as taxation, notary operations, and banking, arises simultaneously. Studies related to blockchain technology have mainly been carried out in the fields of finance, logistics, banking, and education. However, there is a paucity of studies on blockchain technology in the tourism industry which has an important role in the global economy. Therefore, the potential of using blockchain technology in the tourism industry is evaluated in this chapter. For this purpose, the features, advantages, and disadvantages of blockchain technology are explained. The potential uses of blockchain technology in the tourism industry are then discussed.

scholarly journals Scholarly and Research Communication: A Journal and Some Founding Ideas

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Publishing Services

Abstract: In general, publishers are motivated by social values rather than by profit. They provide a service by transforming a manuscript into an exploitable literary property targeted at a known market. STM journal publishers distinguish themselves by extracting maximum profit based on the potential financial value of the need-to-know research they report. In the 1990s and aided by the Internet, scholars began to reassert control of journals and journal publishing. Scholarly effort has focused on transmission, that is to say, production and creation of the public record. Full control by the scholarly community must embrace the transformative nature of publishing, and reinvolving publishers to provide a full range of publishing services would seem desirable. The journal Scholarly and Research Communication is being founded to document the developing study and technology involved in this quickly expanding field.

scholarly journals IoT combined with Block-Chain and 5G infrastructure for its application and development : A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 25327-2535
Author(s):  
Dr. K.Nagarathna rajur
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Design Challenges ◽  
Open Issues

It is a modern type of technology that empowers virtual and physical artefacts to interact and provide digitized services for each other, and includes the Internet of Things (IoT). But it has some benefits, but raises problems of single point of failure, anonymity, accountability, and data integrity due to the new structured design. Challenges like these stands in the path of the introduction of all the most interesting Internet of Things technologies. Bringing the Internet of Things through the public ledger might fix these issues. Decentralized ledger systems are comprised of blockchain as well as distributed ledgers. The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) to the blockchain will offer tremendous advantages. Blockchain integration in this paper offers a detailed exploration of how to combine the IoT technology with the IoT scheme. It is followed by reviewing the basic framework and addressing the problems inherent in the system's integration, explaining the advantages of it, and describing ways in which the blockchain can help to overcome such problems. Blockchain as a Service for IoT can illustrate how different protocol concepts can be applied using different service types on blockchain. After this, there would be an important section about the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain. Finally, potential study avenues will focus on ways of applying the Internet of Things (IoT) with blockchain are suggested. The open issues and challenges of 5G-enabled IoT for blockchain-based Industrial automation are also analyzed in the text.

scholarly journals Approaches Based on Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Intelligent Things to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sedky Adly ◽  
Afnan Sedky Adly ◽  
Mahmoud Sedky Adly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Intelligent Things (IIoT) are promising technologies to prevent the concerningly rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to maximize safety during the pandemic. With the exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 patients, it is highly possible that physicians and health care workers will not be able to treat all cases. Thus, computer scientists can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 by introducing more intelligent solutions to achieve rapid control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes the disease. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this review were to analyze the current literature, discuss the applicability of reported ideas for using AI to prevent and control COVID-19, and build a comprehensive view of how current systems may be useful in particular areas. This may be of great help to many health care administrators, computer scientists, and policy makers worldwide. METHODS We conducted an electronic search of articles in the MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases to formulate a comprehensive review that summarizes different categories of the most recently reported AI-based approaches to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. RESULTS Our search identified the 10 most recent AI approaches that were suggested to provide the best solutions for maximizing safety and preventing the spread of COVID-19. These approaches included detection of suspected cases, large-scale screening, monitoring, interactions with experimental therapies, pneumonia screening, use of the IIoT for data and information gathering and integration, resource allocation, predictions, modeling and simulation, and robotics for medical quarantine. CONCLUSIONS We found few or almost no studies regarding the use of AI to examine COVID-19 interactions with experimental therapies, the use of AI for resource allocation to COVID-19 patients, or the use of AI and the IIoT for COVID-19 data and information gathering/integration. Moreover, the adoption of other approaches, including use of AI for COVID-19 prediction, use of AI for COVID-19 modeling and simulation, and use of AI robotics for medical quarantine, should be further emphasized by researchers because these important approaches lack sufficient numbers of studies. Therefore, we recommend that computer scientists focus on these approaches, which are still not being adequately addressed.

scholarly journals News Agenda Guided by Algorithms: Content and Format in Estadão Infográficos

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-575
Author(s):  
Daniela Borges De Oliveira ◽  
Belarmino Cesar Guimarães da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Optical Unconscious ◽  
Investigation Process

This paper looks at how Estadão Infográficos use algorithms to examine news scripts and format content; its purpose being to use visuality both in the investigation process and for how the news is presented. We intend to demonstrate how web journalism appropriates the digital tools for innovation and differentiation. Thusly, the methodological procedure was conducted in three stages: interviewing the team members responsible for the menu, selecting those reports that use artificial intelligence techniques, and lastly, conducting a qualitative analysis upon specific concepts to explain cognitive effects that its news narratives create, which are: data visualization, image-synthesis and optical unconscious. Our investigation concluded that the use of algorithms to produce visualizations provides different perspectives of news scripts and builds communication with the public on the internet, despite the fact that this newspaper (O Estado de S. Paulo) does not make much use of this resource.O artigo observa como o Estadão Infográficos emprega algoritmo para prospecção de pautas e formatação do conteúdo, com o propósito do uso da visualidade tanto no processo de investigação quanto na apresentação das notícias. O objetivo é demonstrar como o webjornalismo está se apropriando das ferramentas do ambiente digital para inovação e diferenciação. Assim, o percurso metodológico consiste em três etapas: entrevista a componentes da equipe responsável pelo menu, seleção de reportagens da seção que utilizam técnicas de inteligência artificial e, por fim, análise qualitativa de investigação de conceitos que explicam os efeitos cognitivos provocados pela técnica nas narrativas jornalísticas, sendo: visualização de dados, imagem-síntese e inconsciente ótico. A investigação conclui que o uso de algoritmo na produção de visualizações permite percepção de novas pautas e potencializa a comunicação com o público na internet, mesmo que tal recurso ainda seja pouco explorado pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo.El artículo observa cómo Estadão Infográficos emplea algoritmo para prospectar pautas y formatear contenido, con propósito de usar visualidad en el proceso de investigación y en la presentación de noticias. El objetivo es demostrar cómo el periodismo web se apropia de las herramientas del entorno digital para innovación y diferenciación. Así, la trayectoria metodológica consta de tres etapas: entrevista con miembros del equipo responsable del menú, selección de informes de la sección que utilizan técnicas de inteligencia artificial y, finalmente, análisis cualitativo de la investigación de conceptos que explican efectos cognitivos provocados por la técnica en las narrativas de periodismo, siendo: visualización de datos, síntesis de imagen e inconsciente óptico. La investigación concluye que el uso del algoritmo em la producción de visualizaciones permite percepción de nuevas pautas y mejora la comunicación con el público en internet, aunque este recurso todavía es poco explorado por O Estado de S. Paulo.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence: Problems and Development Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Olena Yara ◽  
Anatoliy Brazheyev ◽  
Liudmyla Golovko ◽  
Viktoriia Bashkatova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Prospects

The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence (AI) in various areas of human activity. Particular attention was paid to the use of AI in the legal field. Prospects for the use of AI in the legal field were identified. The relevance of research on the legal regulation of the use of AI was proved. The use of AI raises an important problem of the compliance with general principles of ensuring human rights. Emphasis is placed on the need to develop and use a Code of ethics for artificial intelligence and legislation that would prevent its misapplication and minimize possible harmful consequences.

scholarly journals Digitalizacja materiałów archiwalnych w świetle prawa autorskiego. Zagadnienia wybrane

Archeion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Niewęgłowski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
Printed Books

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę digitalizacji materiałów archiwalnych, pod którym to pojęciem rozumie się przekształcanie ich tradycyjnego zapisu do cyfrowej postaci. Obecnie coraz częściej materiały archiwalne istnieją od początku w formie cyfrowej. Dawniej przybierały jednak formy wydrukowanych książek, spisanych dokumentów itp. Rozwój technologii sprawia, że bardzo duża część archiwów dokonuje cyfryzacji swoich tradycyjnych zbiorów, m.in. w celu sprawniejszego udostępniania materiałów archiwalnych. Po nadaniu archiwaliom cyfrowej postaci, mogą być one rozpowszechniane na dużą skalę za pośrednictwem Internetu. Takie zabiegi nie są jednak często obojętne z punktu widzenia obowiązujących w danym państwie przepisów z zakresu prawa autorskiego. Czasami regulacje te przewidują zasady, na jakich może odbywać się digitalizacja. Problematyka, której dotyczy artykuł, jest bardzo szeroka. Dlatego też analizie poddano najważniejsze aspekty zagadnienia, mające praktyczny walor dla działalności archiwalnej. W artykule poruszono m.in. problem udostępniania materiałów w postaci cyfrowej. Odniesiono się do nowych przepisów, w tym z zakresu dzieł osieroconych. Digitalization of archival materials in the light of copyright law. Selected issues The article presents the issue of digitization of archival materials, which is the transformation of their traditional form into a digital one. Currently, more and more archival materials are born in digital form. In the past, however, they were created especially as copies of printed books, written documents, etc. Due to the development of technology a large part of archives is digitalizing their traditional collections in order to make access to archival materials more efficient. Once the archives have been digitized, they can be made available on a large scale via the Internet. However, such activities are often not indifferent to the copyright law of a particular country. Sometimes these regulations provide certain rules under which digitization may take place. The problem addressed in the article is very broad. That is why the analysis covers the most important aspects of the issue which have practical value for archival policy. Some topics have been excluded. The article discusses, among others, the problem of making the materials available to the public in digital form. Reference is made to the new legislation, including that concerning orphan works.

scholarly journals Health and human rights are inextricably linked in the COVID-19 response

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e003359
Author(s):  
Sharifah Sekalala ◽  
Lisa Forman ◽  
Roojin Habibi ◽  
Benjamin Mason Meier
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Pandemic Response

To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, governments throughout the world have introduced emergency measures that constrain individual freedoms, social and economic rights and global solidarity. These regulatory measures have closed schools, workplaces and transit systems, cancelled public gatherings, introduced mandatory home confinement and deployed large-scale electronic surveillance. In doing so, human rights obligations are rarely addressed, despite how significantly they are impacted by the pandemic response. The norms and principles of human rights should guide government responses to COVID-19, with these rights strengthening the public health response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals What should medical students know about artificial intelligence in medicine?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Ho Park ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Do ◽  
Sungwon Kim ◽  
Joo Hyun Park ◽  
Young-Suk Lim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Based Medicine

Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to affect various fields of medicine substantially and has the potential to improve many aspects of healthcare. However, AI has been creating much hype, too. In applying AI technology to patients, medical professionals should be able to resolve any anxiety, confusion, and questions that patients and the public may have. Also, they are responsible for ensuring that AI becomes a technology beneficial for patient care. These make the acquisition of sound knowledge and experience about AI a task of high importance for medical students. Preparing for AI does not merely mean learning information technology such as computer programming. One should acquire sufficient knowledge of basic and clinical medicines, data science, biostatistics, and evidence-based medicine. As a medical student, one should not passively accept stories related to AI in medicine in the media and on the Internet. Medical students should try to develop abilities to distinguish correct information from hype and spin and even capabilities to create thoroughly validated, trustworthy information for patients and the public.

Open Educational Resources in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Stephen Tsekea
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Digital Learning Resources

The open access movement came as a result of the rising cost of learning materials and the need for having publicly funded research or works available on the public domain. This is a movement which is in support of having educational learning resources freely available on the internet. Despite the intellectual properly issues surrounding use of learning resources, many institutions in Africa are adopting these digital learning resources. The chapter documents how the OER movement started, its advantages and disadvantages, copyright and licensing issues, models, and challenges in adopting OERs.

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