Municipal Heat Energy of Ukraine - Adaptation to Global Warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 552-568
Author(s):  
Borys Basok
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Rising global temperatures have exacerbated the problems of adaptation to climate change in various sectors of the economy, including municipal energy. Therefore, the task is to develop measures and mechanisms, the implementation of which will guarantee cost-effective comfortable and reliable heat and cold supply of buildings and structures in climate change. Experimental studies of heat transfer and monitoring of thermal regimes in enclosing structures and building elements were conducted with the development of innovative engineering systems for energy supply of a passive house of the "zero-energy" type. Experimental developments of innovative energy-efficient greenhouse gas-reducing technologies and equipment for energy supply systems of buildings have been performed and their architectural and construction solutions for adaptation to climate change have been optimized. In order to expand and deepen the theory and practice of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in the near future, the scientific priority and subject of basic and applied research have been identified. Developed adaptive to climate change innovative, energy efficient technologies and equipment of engineering systems of energy supply of buildings with the use of renewable energy sources can be used in the practice of energy supply of housing and communal services.

Coal seam gas in Australia's progression to a low carbon economy

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Petersen ◽  
Hugh McKerrow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel

The previous decade has witnessed an unprecedented increase in societal appreciation for the existence of climate change and its associated impacts. One need only look to the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for evidence—between 1990 and 2007, scientific acceptance of the anthropogenic nature of climate change has risen from merely perhaps in 1990 to a certainty of 90% in 2007. As governments look to create imposts on the very emissions causing climate change, be it through emissions trading schemes (ETS) or through carbon taxes, an equally stark appreciation has occurred in relation to the need to switch to low emissions fuel source in the absence of carbon capture and storage. In contrast to the introduction of the EU ETS, fuel switching in Australia will be more problematic—now Australia sources only a small fraction of its energy supply from renewable energy sources and it will take some time for this to change. What is therefore needed, is a transition fuel—a fuel that will provide Australia with a stepping stone to a sustainable future while at the same time ensuring the security of our energy supply. Coal seam gas (CSG) could play an important part in this progression. Its role is not, however, without its complexities. In a world of daily regulatory and market developments, the CSG industry will need to incorporate both Australian and international climate change issues into its development plans - its physical, reputational, regulatory and market risks and opportunities. This extended abstract will examine the links between these exposures and the future growth potential of the industry.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Options for the Renovation of an Existing Education Building toward the Nearly Net-Zero Energy Goal—Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

A comprehensive case study on life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was conducted on a two- story education building with a projected 40-year lifespan in College Park, Maryland. The aim of this paper was to (1) create a life cycle assessment model, using an education building to test the model, (2) compare the life cycle cost (LCC) of different renovation scenarios, taking into account added renewable energy resources to achieve the university’s overall carbon neutrality goal, and (3) verify the robustness of the LCC model by conducting sensitivity analysis and studying the influence of different variables. Nine renovation scenarios were constructed by combining six renovation techniques and three renewable energy resources. The LCCA results were then compared to understand the cost-effective relation between implementing energy reduction techniques and renewable energy sources. The results indicated that investing in energy-efficient retrofitting techniques was more cost-effective than investments in renewable energy sources in the long term. In the optimum scenario, renovation and renewable energy, when combined, produced close to a 90% reduction in the life cycle cost compared to the baseline. The payback period for the initial investment cost, including avoided electricity costs, varies from 1.4 to 4.1 years. This suggests that the initial investment in energy-efficient renovation is the primary factor in the LCC of an existing building.

scholarly journals GLOBAL WARMING – PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review) 3. Reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Gas Emissions

Introduction. Despite the global pandemic, reducing the negative effects of global warming and adapting to its devastating effects remains a pressing global problem. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Political, economic, innovative, scientific, technical and social approaches and measures to reduce and/or neutralize climate change and adapt to warming are widely discussed. World organizations - IPCC, IEA, WMO, etc. are involved in solving the problems. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present the results of research and measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the energy sector - the largest producer of emissions. The main emphasis is on improving the energy efficiency of energy end-use, in particular, disseminating the experience of operational O&M (operation and maintenance) maintenance of passive buildings "zero-energy" in their energy supply from RES, as well as economic and financial leverage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are used. Weather-dependent (climatic) maintenance of the diagnostic-demonstration passive house of the "zero-energy" type with continuous system monitoring of parameters of engineering systems and building constructions and meteorological environment is organized. Results. Experience has been gained in the development and use of innovative energy-efficient technologies for energy supply of a demonstration passive house with O&M service by means of monitoring weather indicators and adaptation measures to climate change. Conclusions. The accumulated experience in the development of innovative energy efficient energy supply technologies and adaptation measures to climate change in O&M maintenance of zero-energy ITTF building of the NAS of Ukraine can be used in energy, in particular in municipal energy, and for the development of low-carbon energy. The use of approaches related to the taxation of excessive greenhouse gas emissions, or taking into account the decarbonization of the economy of production of goods and services in export-import operations, will also help reduce global warming.

Investments in Renewable Energy for Smart Grid Technology Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Oleksandra V. Kubatko ◽  
Tetyana S. Tolok ◽  
Harrison O. Edafejimue ◽  
Ismail Y. A. Almashaqbeh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

The current state of economic development foreseen an increasing production processes efficiency and determines the demand for energy resources. At the same time, the global use of traditional energy sources is steadily growing and currently it is still dominant. Considering the empirical arguments regarding environmental degradation and problems related to climate change, the development and implementation of smart and safe energy technologies, such as the Smart Grid, is relevant. Smart and secure power grids today are seen as technologies that facilitate the transition of the energy system supply from traditional electrical networks to more sustainable and environmentally friendly operations. The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches that reveal the essence of the Smart Grid concept, and analyzes the main areas of investment in such technologies. It is underlined that to ensure energy security and environmental sustainability of energy supply sector the generation of electric power should be based on the use of renewable energy sources. The long-run sustainability of energy sector in climate change conditions is guaranteed by forming deep links between renewable energy generation and Smart Grid technologies. The paper discusses the main factors which may influence the Smart Grid technology development. The investments in renewable energy are named to be the most important factor of Smart Grid technology development. The lack of investments is considered to be an important factor of poor energy efficiency in developing economies. In addition, the article focuses on European experience regarding the implementation of smart and safe energy systems based on renewable energy sources. It is underlined the best EU counties experience for Smart Grid technology development based on investments in renewable energy sector. Key words: Smart Grid, renewable energy, economic process, power network, energy supply, efficiency, investment.

Study on Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Machinery and Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brugger ◽  
Georg Götz ◽  
Christoph Richter ◽  
Gunther Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Research Action

Increasing energy costs, the change from conventional to renewable energy sources and the growing awareness of green production, especially in Germany, are crucial challenges for society and for industry. Renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind power, lead to a limited and volatile energy supply. Therefore, energy is no longer a resource which is available and ready on demand in the future. This change in energy supply hugely influences the production and industrial processes and is leading to alternative forms of production. There are high potentials in terms of energy efficiency and energy flexibility to master the described challenges. This paper presents an overview of the current state of the art in energy efficient and, especially, energy flexible production. The focus is on new aspects caused by the changes in production processes. Furthermore, research action fields concerning the energy flexibility of production machines are shown and explained through a practical example.

The MINK Project: A New Methodology for Identifying Regional Influences of, and Responses to, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and Climate Change

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Rosenberg ◽  
Pierre R. Crosson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Warming ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Water

In a study that was recently completed at Resources for the Future, the impacts of a future change in climate on the total economy of the Missouri–Iowa–Nebraska–Kansas (MINK) region were assessed, as were the possibilities of response (including adaptation) to the climatic change. Impacts on agriculture, forestry, water resources, and energy, were emphasized. The study was future-oriented, focusing on the year 2030, by which time the effects of ‘greenhouse’ warming may be felt. The records of the AD 1930s were used to provide an analog of the kinds of climate change (warmer and drier) that climate models predict will occur in the MINK region.Our results indicate that impacts of the projected climate change on agriculture, at least in the future, are expected to be profound, but that likely-to-be available technologies should facilitate substantial adaptation; that current water-resource limitations in the region would be exacerbated and lead to an eastward shift in irrigation; that impacts on forestry would be severe, and that opportunities for forestry adaptation would be very limited unless biomass production were to become economically viable; and that the net impacts on energy supply and demand would be small and adaptation to them relatively simple.Climate change in the MINK region could, of course, go somewhat beyond the conditions represented by the AD 1930s analog, in which case the findings of this study may be too optimistic. However, the future-oriented ‘MINK methodology’ is not scenario-dependent, and can be used to test other, more severe (or benign), scenarios as well. Further, the capacity for adaptation to climate change demonstrated in this study, may remain applicable even in more stringent circumstances.

scholarly journals A High Step-Up Switched Z-Source Converter (HS-SZC) with Minimal Components Count for Enhancing Voltage Gain

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Ramani Kannan ◽  
Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor ◽  
Apel Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Boost Factor ◽  
Output Capacitor

Some applications such as fuel cells or photovoltaic panels offer low output voltage, and it is essential to boost this voltage before connecting to the grid through an inverter. The Z-network converter can be used for the DC-DC conversion to enhance the output voltage of renewable energy sources. However, boosting capabilities of traditional Z-network boost converters are limited, and the utilization of higher parts count makes it bulky and expensive. In this paper, an efficient, high step-up, switched Z-source DC-DC boost converter (HS-SZC) is presented, which offers a higher boost factor at a smaller duty ratio and avoids the instability due to the saturation of inductors. In the proposed converter, the higher voltage gain is achieved by using one inductor and switch at the back end of the conventional Z-source DC-DC converter (ZSC). The idea is to utilize the output capacitor for filtering and charging and discharging loops. Moreover, the proposed converter offers a wider range of load capacity, thus minimizing the power losses and enhancing efficiency. This study simplifies the structure of conventional Z-source converters through the deployment of fewer components, and hence making it more cost-effective and highly efficient, compared to other DC-DC boost converters. Furthermore, a comparison based on the boosting capability and number of components is provided, and the performance of the proposed design is analyzed with non-ideal elements. Finally, simulation and experimental studies are carried out to evaluate and validate the performance of the proposed converter.

Economic impact of adaptation to climate change in Iceland's energy supply sector

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Shafiei ◽  
Brynhildur Davidsdottir ◽  
Jonathan Leaver ◽  
Hlynur Stefansson ◽  
Eyjolfur I. Asgeirsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change

scholarly journals Pulling on Heartstrings: Three Studies of the Effectiveness of Emotionally Framed Communication to Encourage Workplace Pro-Environmental Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10161
Author(s):  
Sally V. Russell ◽  
Neal M. Ashkanasy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Climate Change Communication ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Office Employees

We investigated whether the emotional framing of climate change communication can influence workplace pro-environmental behavior. In three quasi-experimental studies, we examined whether emotional displays in climate change communication affected participants’ subsequent workplace pro-environmental behavior. In Studies 1 and 2, undergraduate and master’s students viewed a fictional news video about climate change, where the newsreader displayed one of five emotions: sadness, fear, anger, contentment, and hope. The dependent variable was recycling behavior following the viewing. In Study 3, office employees viewed the same news videos online; the dependent variable was requesting further information to increase pro-environmental behavior in the workplace. The results from all three studies show that displayed emotion significantly affected pro-environmental behavior and that sadness, in particular, resulted in significantly less workplace pro-environmental behavior. These results indicate the need to study the effect of discrete emotions, rather than assuming that emotions of the same valence have similar effects. The results also underscore the importance of using experimental designs in advancing the field. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for research, theory, and practice of emotionally framed communication of sustainability messages.

scholarly journals Assessment of the climatic resource potential of solar radiation as a renewable energy source.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zadvornykh ◽  
Trofimova Oksana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Decentralized Energy

<p>Due to climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the trend in the development of global energy is aimed at increasing the share of the introduction of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. This contributes to ensuring sustainable heat and energy supply to the population and production in the zones of decentralized energy supply, which increases the energy security of the regions and the country as a whole. In addition, the introduction of renewable energy sources is seen as a key tool in adapting to climate change.</p><p>The report examines the climatic conditions of the territory of the Russian Federation in order to assess the prospects for the practical use of solar energy.</p><p>The basis of solar energy resources in a given point or region is the duration of the solar radiation and the amount of direct and total solar radiation entering the horizontal surface.</p><p>The research uses data from observations of the actinometric network of the Russian Federation. In areas where there are no observations of solar radiation, either indirect methods of calculation or access to open and accessible databases were used.</p><p>Based on the analysis of the complex of climatic characteristics selected for zoning, 10 radiation-homogeneous regions were identified on the territory of Russia, which were ranked according to the priority of the solar potential. The reliability of the boundaries of the selected regions was confirmed by comparing the spatial and temporal variability of the main radiation indicators. The selected regions can be divided into five groups: the most promising, promising, less promising, unpromising and unpromising.</p><p>The most promising regions are the regions south of 50N. The first region occupies the Primorsky Krai, the southern part of the Khabarovsk Region and the Amur Region, and the south-east of Transbaikalia. The second region is the southern part of the European territory of Russia.</p><p>The amount of total solar radiation entering the earth's surface for a year in these regions is 1330-1390 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, which is the maximum for the territory of Russia. Both regions are characterized by a long duration of sunshine, especially for the first region (about 2400 hours per year). The high solar potential of these regions is indicated by the fact that in the period from April to September, the probability of a day favorable for the use of solar energy is 60%, in July it reaches 90%.</p><p>In less promising regions of Eastern Siberia, where there is a large influx of solar radiation in the winter and spring periods, it is advisable to use photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for autonomous consumers in areas of decentralized energy supply.</p>

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