scholarly journals Chili pepper genotypes assay approach for resistance to Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748
Author(s):  
A. Daryanto ◽  
M. Syukur ◽  
Sobir ◽  
A. Maharijaya ◽  
P. Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Clip Cage ◽  
Chili Peppers

The cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), is one of the most devastating insect pests for chili pepper that damages the crop and transmits several viruses. Thus far, there is no commercial chili cultivar with effective resistance to cotton aphids (CA). The present study aimed to develop a reliable and practical screening protocol in chili peppers for aphids resistance in the tropical areas. Three no-choice test methods i.e., seedling cage, detached leaf, and clip cage tests have been developed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in a greenhouse at the Gunung Putri, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Seven chili pepper genotypes belong to the species Capsicum annuum L. provided by the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia were used in this study. Chili pepper resistance to aphids was observed through the number of aphids progeny, and aphids fecundity among the genotypes. Two chili genotypes consistently showed low infestation while other genotypes showed the highest infestation with three screening methods. All the methods have a high heritability value (90%–91%), indicating that the evaluated chili genotypes could be used to determine effective screening methods. The correlation between the detached leaf and clip cage tests was significant (r = 0.84, P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the clip cage test could be used as a reliable and practical screening test for the assay of chili peppers resistance to CA infestation. These information will be helpful in the development of aphid resistant cultivars in the future.

scholarly journals The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOPIALENA SOPIALENA ◽  
SURYA SILA ◽  
ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH ◽  
JULI NURDIANA
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Organic Pesticides

Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of Chili Pepper Resistance to Melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) Infestation in Seedling Phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Ady Daryanto ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Awang Maharijaya ◽  
Purnama Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover

Aphis gossypii Glover is one of important insect pest in Indonesia. Genetic analysis of resistance to A. gossypii is required in plant breeding program to obtain host-plant resistance cultivar. Diallel analysis was used to estimate genetic parameters for chili pepper resistance to A. gossypii infestation in early generation. The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters of chili pepper resistance to A. gossypii infestation with diallel crossing design. The F1 and parent plants were arranged in randomized competed block design with three replication. Resistance lines was measured using choice test laboratory screening techniques. Two aphids were infested per plant and stopped 12 days after first infestation. Different lines respond was detected as shown by significant numbers of aphid per leaf, total aphid per plant, and total winged aphid per plant. There were no maternal effect and resistance were controlled by recessive and polygenic genes. Gene effects for resistance to aphid’s infestation were additive and dominance. Dominance effect larger than additive effects. Broad-sense heritability values were high but narrow-sense heritability values were very low

scholarly journals Identification and life history of aphids associated with chili pepper crops in southwestern Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Maria R. Manzano ◽  
William Tálaga-Taquinas ◽  
Clara Inés Melo-Cerón ◽  
Yorley Beatriz Lagos-Álvarez ◽  
Diana N. Duque-Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chili Peppers

Viral diseases, transmitted by aphids, are the most limiting problems in chili pepper crops. Understanding the demographic features of these aphids, may thus assist the design of better disease control strategies in chili peppers. Aphid species found in chili pepper crops in south western Colombia were identified as Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). An array of life-history parameters of both aphid species were investigated at (25 ± 0.5) ◦C, (75 ± 1.75) % r.h., L12:D12, and LS 5-Light Storm in chili pepper crops. Both aphid populations consisted only of parthenogenetic females, showing a similar average development time—from the first nymphal instar to the post-reproductive adult—, female longevity, and daily average fertility values. The length of the reproductive period was higher for M. persicae. A. gossypii reached its adult state significantly faster than M. persicae. The intrinsic rate of population growth (rm) was lower for M.persicae (0.39) compared to A. gossypii (0.43). Results showed a potential for fast population growth in both species, which would enhance their role as virus vectors. The information acquired is essential to develop pest management initiatives for these two aphid species.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Daya Hasil Empat Belas Cabai Hibrida

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Arya Widura Ritonga ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Sriani Sujiprihati ◽  
Arif Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Chili Peppers

Planting chili pepper hybrid varieties offers an alternative strategy to fill the needs of chili pepper in Indonesia. Theaim of the experiment was to evaluate and select fourteen chili pepper hybrids thus obtained chili peppers hybrid potential to be released as hybrid varieties. The experimental design was used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications. Plant materials consist of fourteen chili pepper hybrid and one commercial hybrid of chili pepper. IPB CH-I produced higher selection index value than commercial hybrid of chili pepper. The IPB CH-I was potential to be released as hybrid variety of chili pepper.Keywords: hybrid varieties, selection, selection index

scholarly journals Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdev Kular ◽  
Sarwan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Black Plastic

                                                                                                                                       ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil                                                                                                                                       ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of some biorational insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse grown cucumber

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Emami
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Sodium Sulfosuccinate ◽  
Set Up

<p><em></em><em></em><em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glover, 1877 is a serious pest of cucumber in greenhouse plantings. Biorational insecticides are an alternative of broad spectrum insecticides for aphid suppression in greenhouse. In this regards, the efficiency of some biorational insecticides including soap based on coconut oil, surfactant based on sodium sulfosuccinate and antifeeding based on potassium nicotinate were assayed on <em>A</em>. <em>gossypii </em>in the cucumber greenhouse. The trials were set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Samplings were carried out one day before spraying and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the means comparison was performed using Duncan’s test. The results indicated that the highest mortality in insecticidal soap, surfactant and antifeeding treatments occurred after 3 days, with 78.47 %, 67.16 % and 60.48 % mortality, respectively. The results of the trials are discussed in terms of improving management of the populations of <em>A</em>. <em>gossypii</em>.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Soil Amendments on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests, Growth Parameters and Yield of Eggplant, Solanum melongena (L.) Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
M. B. Mochiah ◽  
D. Asare ◽  
A. A. Sefah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Loss of soil fertility as a result of continuous cropping on the same piece of land has necessitated the need to improve soil fertility for better crop yields. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have been used to improve soil fertility, however, excessive use of soil amendments improve vegetative growth of plants thereby attracting large numbers of insect pests. Cow dung and poultry droppings were used as soil amendments in a field experiment using eggplant Solanum melongena. The effects of these organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and a control where there was no application of soil amendment in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Parameters studied were pests’ and their numbers, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth and yield. The major insect pests identified on the plant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea. Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii scores were significantly larger on cow dung and poultry manure plots. Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea numbers were not significantly different on the treated and control plots. Mean plant height, number of leaves and yield differed significantly among the soil amended plots. Even though soil amendments improve the nutrient content of the soil and the yield of crops it could lead to increase in pests numbers and damage caused to plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Bagus Kukuh Udiarto ◽  
Abdi Hudayya
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Impact

<p>Penggunaan pupuk hayati dan unsur hara makro sekunder seperti magnesium (Mg) dan hara mikro boron (B) diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, kualitas hasil tanaman, meningkatkan unsur hara dalam tanah serta mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Selain itu penggunaan pupuk tersebut dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen serta penekanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasi dengan pupuk hayati serta teknologi konvensional sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan luas kanopi), komponen hasil dan hasil serta serangan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Mg, B, dan pupuk hayati yang diaplikasikan sebanyak dua kali pada umur 30 HST dan 45 HST mampu meningkatkan produktivitas cabai sebesar 21,68 ton/ha atau meningkat sebesar 54,53% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Peningkatan produktivitas cabai terjadi karena adanya perbaikan dalam komponen hasil seperti jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, panjang, dan bobot buah serta adanya penekanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit seperti trips, antraknosa, lalat buah, dan penggerek buah sebesar 18,10% sampai 23,93%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Capsicum annuum</em>; Unsur hara makro; Pupuk hayati; Produktivitas; Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The use of biofertilizer and macro and micro nutrients enhanced the growth and development, yield quality of vegetable crops as well as nutrient status of soil to a greater extent and to increased on pests and diseases resistance. Organic sources of nutrients including biofertilizers also economize the use of chemical fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the best combination of Mg, B, and biofertilizer that increase the growth and yield of chili pepper and the impact to pest and diseases on chili pepper. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, West Java from June 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four replicated. The treatments were Mg, B, and their combinations with biofertilizer compared to the conventional technologies as a control. The observations were carried out on the growth parameters (plant height and leaf canopy), yield components, pest and diseases of chili pepper. The results showed that the combinations of Mg, B, and biofertilizer increased the yield of chili up to 21.68 ton/ha or positive interaction beside beneficial agent with Mg, B, and biofertilizer package on 54.53%. Increased productivity of chili occurs because of improvements in yield components such as the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight and reduction of pest and disease attacks such as thrips, anthracnose, fruit flies and, fruit borers by 18.10% to 23.93%.</p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Biopesticide Derived fromCassia spectabilis and Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Against the Main Insect Pests of Coffee and Its Effect On Other Arthropods

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Cassia Spectabilis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mealy Bug

An experiment on the effectiveness of biopesticide made of ramayana (Cassia spectabilis) and tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) it called as Casnic, on Hypothenemus hampeiand Planococcus citriand its effect on the arthropods population fauna in coffee plantation had been conducted in Pest Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Researh Institute and Bangelan Plantation in Malang. The treatment consisted of three level concentrations of botanical pesticide(15 ml, 30 ml, and 60 ml/lof water), Beauveria bassiana(at a dose 100 g spore per ha), metidation spraying (2 ml formulation per litre of water) and two control treatments (with and without soap). The field experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results showed that botanical pesticide at the concentration of 30.0 ml stock solution per litre of water and applied four times with monthly interval was effective in controlling coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and coffee mealy bug (Planococcus citri). The effectiveness was not significantly different compared to metidation and Beauveria bassianaat the dose of 0.8 l and 100 g formulation per ha per application. Application of the botanical pesticide did not show negative effect on the usefull predatory insects and other arthropods population in coffee ecosystem. Key words : Botanical pesticide, Cassia spectabilis, Nicotiana tabacum, Coffee, Hypothenemus hampei, Planococcus citri, Arthropods.

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