scholarly journals High-efficiency casing perforation oil and gas wells

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
V. G. Pogrebnyak ◽  
◽  
I. I. Chudyk ◽  
A. V. Pogrebnyak ◽  
I. V. Perkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Destructive Action ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Well Cement

The energetic capabilities of a high-speed jet of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with varying concentration and different outflow pressures from a jetforming nozzle were investigated using the length of the forming channel in the model of the casing of an oil and gas well, cement sheath and rock layer, as well as impact of the jet force on a metal plate fixed on a physical pendulum. The experimental data made it possible to obtain a calculated dependence in a dimensionless form to determine the quality (initial sections) of jets of aqueous solutions with different concentrations and molecular weights of PEO, considering the real parameters of the jet-forming nozzles of the hydroperforator. A comprehensive study of the perforation process made it possible to substantiate the mechanism of the high destructive capacity of a high-speed jet of polymer solution. It has been established that the mechanism of the high destructive capacity of the polymer water jet is not due to the Toms effect, but caused by the destructive action of the dynamic pressure of the polymer water jet «reinforced» by strongly unfolded macromolecular chains under the action of a tensile flow in the inlet area of the jet forming nozzle of the hydroperforator. Keywords: perforator; jet nozzle; jet quality; casing; cement sheath; rock; Toms effect.

A new calculation formula to describe the dynamic pressure of water jet peening with elliptical nozzle for high-efficiency treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110586
Author(s):  
Hong-Xiang Zheng ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Bao-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Wen-Chun Jiang ◽  
Shan-Tung Tu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Minor Axis ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Axial Distance ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Core Length

Water jet peening is a good potential method to control welding residual stresses. The water jet with elliptical nozzle can improve the treatment efficiency due to its large treatment area. In this article, the water jet velocity and dynamic pressure for different elliptical nozzle dimensions and standoff distances are discussed by numerical simulation. The results show that when the axial distance is 10 mm, the effective impact diameter of the elliptical nozzle a/b=8–12 is about 2 times or more than that of the circular nozzle. The length of the jet core of the elliptical nozzle is only related to the outlet structure and is independent of the inlet pressure. The correlation between the dimensionless core length of the elliptical water jet and its long and short axes is derived. When the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is between 7 and 13, the core length of the elliptical water jet is 7–7.5 times that of its minor axis. Combining the suitable treatment area and dynamic pressure, the elliptical nozzle with an axis ratio of 8 is recommended to control the welding residual stress. Finally, a new formula for calculating dynamic pressure distribution is proposed for the elliptical nozzle water jet at different stages.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Dynamic Rock-Breaking Performance of Pulsed Abrasive Jet Drilling Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yukun Du ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Zhiyuan Huang ◽  
Meilian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rock Breaking ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Tight Sand Gas ◽  
Better Than

The efficient development of deep oil and gas reservoirs with abundant resources is conducive to meet the growing energy demand. However, it is very difficult to drill in the deep reservoirs such as tight sand gas and shale gas because of their high strength, low porosity, and low permeability. In this study, it is pointed out that developing high-efficiency drilling methods based on new combined water jets is a good approach to promote the rate of penetration (ROP) in such tight deep reservoirs. A pulsed abrasive water jet drilling tool is designed, and its dynamic work principle is analyzed. The hydraulic structure is optimized; meanwhile, the rock-breaking experiments of this structure are carried out. The results show that the rock-breaking performance of the pulsed water jet is much better than that of the continuous water jet. It is also found that the rock-breaking performance of the pulsed abrasive water jet is much better than that of the premixed abrasive water jet. In addition, the best rock-breaking standoff distance, abrasive concentration, and particle size are detected.

scholarly journals Method of effective circulation control of high speed fans impellors

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Vladimir Makarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Circulation Control ◽  
Gas Cooling ◽  
The Cost

Research relevance. The high-level competitiveness of Russian oil and gas sector enterprises in the global economic space is impossible to reach without accelerating the restructuring of existing air-cooling apparatuses and developing new ones. It should be carried out with regard to modern technology introduction and advanced achievements in mining. The cost of gas cooling during its transportation via main gas pipelines in the cost structure reaches 22%. Besides, annual energy wastage on compressed gas cooling by fan installations is commensurate with the cost of the air cooling devices. It is essential to develop active means of air conditioning units control in order to improve their efficiency and aerodynamic adaptability that affect the competitiveness of oil and gas enterprises. ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 4, 2021 99 Research aim is to develop a mathematical model for fan unit parameters active control. Research methods are based on the experimentally proven hypothesis about the dependence between the control flow rate on the impeller blades and the position of the rear critical points of the blades. Research results. A method was developed based on conformal transformations, the theory of residues, singular equations, and hydrodynamic analogy. The dependence between the position of the profiles critical points and flow circulation was obtained. The dependence of the aerodynamic adaptability of the fan units in air conditioning devices on effective critical point position and the energy characteristics of the impeller blades flow controlling source has been established. A patent was obtained for the fan unit impeller with active circulation control from air flow sources from the fan casing. High efficiency of the developed circulation control method for increasing the operational efficiency and aerodynamic adaptability of air-cooled fan units has been proved. An aerodynamic scheme of ОV 121TN was developed. A fan unit OGM VU2.7-1.8K4 with aerodynamic adaptability increased by 34% was created.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Transient Pressure Characteristics in a Helico-Axial Multiphase Pump

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xu ◽  
Shuliang Cao ◽  
Takeshi Sano ◽  
Tokiya Wakai ◽  
Martino Reclari
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Transient Pressure ◽  
Multiphase Pump ◽  
Pressure Characteristics

In oil and gas exploitation, the multiphase pump is a vital piece of equipment to guarantee production with high efficiency and stable operation. The complicated pattern of multiphase flow in the multiphase pump affects the pump performance; for this reason, the multiphase performance and the inner flow should be sufficiently investigated. In the present work, a liquid-gas multiphase pump is designed and manufactured, and then tested in a specialized test rig to reveal the transient pressure characteristics of the multiphase pump. Results show that the dominant frequency under water and water-air conditions is the blade passing frequency, which is induced by the rotor stator interaction. In the downstream of the impeller, the pressure fluctuation is obviously weakened, because the splitter-blade design could improve the control ability of flow pattern in the downstream region. In comparison with water condition, the pressure fluctuation of water-air condition greatly increases, and the multiples of impeller rotating frequency are stimulated due to the movement and merging of air bubbles. Finally, the correlation of transient pressure and phase distribution in impeller is revealed by using a high-speed camera. With the gradual pressure rise from impeller inlet to outlet, the relative movement and separation of two phases induce violent pressure fluctuations.

One-step Separation and Purification of Four Phenolic Acids from Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching by Medium-pressure Liquid Chromatography and High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Tianyun Li ◽  
Xiling Dai ◽  
Yichen Li ◽  
Guozheng Huang ◽  
Jianguo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
One Step ◽  
Counter Current

Background:Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching is a Chinese traditional medicinal fern with high total flavonoid and total phenolic content. Traditionally, phenolic compounds were separated by using column chromatography, which is relatively inefficient. </P><P> Objective: This study aims to use an efficient method to separate natural products from S. chusanum by Medium-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC).Methods:In the present research, firstly, a sample (2.5 g) from the dichloromethane extract of S. chusanum was separated by MPLC. Next, fraction P5 was purified by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) at a volume ratio of 2:4:1:4 (v/v/v/v). </P><P> Result: Four phenolic acids were obtained and their structures were identified by means of NMR and ESI-mass analysis. They were identified as: 1) protocatechuic acid (34 mg, purity 90.1%), 2) syringic acid (66 mg, purity 99.0%), 3) p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5 mg, purity 91.2%) and 4) vanillic acid (6 mg, purity 99.3%).Conclusion:The combination of MPLC and HSCCC is a high-efficiency separation method for natural products. This is the first report with regard to the separation of four phenolic acids in one step by MPLC and HSCCC from S. chusanum (L.) Ching.

scholarly journals On-chip trans-dimensional plasmonic router

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3357-3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Dong ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Guangtao Cao ◽  
Jincheng Ni ◽  
Ting Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Plasmonic Waveguide ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Phase Gradient ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons

AbstractPlasmons, as emerging optical diffraction-unlimited information carriers, promise the high-capacity, high-speed, and integrated photonic chips. The on-chip precise manipulations of plasmon in an arbitrary platform, whether two-dimensional (2D) or one-dimensional (1D), appears demanding but non-trivial. Here, we proposed a meta-wall, consisting of specifically designed meta-atoms, that allows the high-efficiency transformation of propagating plasmon polaritons from 2D platforms to 1D plasmonic waveguides, forming the trans-dimensional plasmonic routers. The mechanism to compensate the momentum transformation in the router can be traced via a local dynamic phase gradient of the meta-atom and reciprocal lattice vector. To demonstrate such a scheme, a directional router based on phase-gradient meta-wall is designed to couple 2D SPP to a 1D plasmonic waveguide, while a unidirectional router based on grating metawall is designed to route 2D SPP to the arbitrarily desired direction along the 1D plasmonic waveguide by changing the incident angle of 2D SPP. The on-chip routers of trans-dimensional SPP demonstrated here provide a flexible tool to manipulate propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and may pave the way for designing integrated plasmonic network and devices.

scholarly journals Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Kinzo Kishida ◽  
Artur Guzik ◽  
Ken’ichi Nishiguchi ◽  
Che-Hsien Li ◽  
Daiji Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Chirp Pulse ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Industry Applications

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators.

scholarly journals Optimization of Air Gap Length and Capacitive Auxiliary Winding in Three-Phase Induction Motors Based on a Genetic Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4407
Author(s):  
Mbika Muteba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
High Torque ◽  
Cage Induction Motor

There is a necessity to design a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) for high-speed applications with a larger air gap length in order to limit the distortion of air gap flux density, the thermal expansion of stator and rotor teeth, centrifugal forces, and the magnetic pull. To that effect, a larger air gap length lowers the power factor, efficiency, and torque density of a three-phase SCIM. This should inform motor design engineers to take special care during the design process of a three-phase SCIM by selecting an air gap length that will provide optimal performance. This paper presents an approach that would assist with the selection of an optimal air gap length (OAL) and optimal capacitive auxiliary stator winding (OCASW) configuration for a high torque per ampere (TPA) three-phase SCIM. A genetic algorithm (GA) assisted by finite element analysis (FEA) is used in the design process to determine the OAL and OCASW required to obtain a high torque per ampere without compromising the merit of achieving an excellent power factor and high efficiency for a three-phase SCIM. The performance of the optimized three-phase SCIM is compared to unoptimized machines. The results obtained from FEA are validated through experimental measurements. Owing to the penalty functions related to the value of objective and constraint functions introduced in the genetic algorithm model, both the FEA and experimental results provide evidence that an enhanced torque per ampere three-phase SCIM can be realized for a large OAL and OCASW with high efficiency and an excellent power factor in different working conditions.

scholarly journals Research on Distance Transform and Neural Network Lidar Information Sampling Classification-Based Semantic Segmentation of 2D Indoor Room Maps

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Zhizhao Duan ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guodong Lu ◽  
Shengjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Distance Transform ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Information Sampling

Semantic segmentation of room maps is an essential issue in mobile robots’ execution of tasks. In this work, a new approach to obtain the semantic labels of 2D lidar room maps by combining distance transform watershed-based pre-segmentation and a skillfully designed neural network lidar information sampling classification is proposed. In order to label the room maps with high efficiency, high precision and high speed, we have designed a low-power and high-performance method, which can be deployed on low computing power Raspberry Pi devices. In the training stage, a lidar is simulated to collect the lidar detection line maps of each point in the manually labelled map, and then we use these line maps and the corresponding labels to train the designed neural network. In the testing stage, the new map is first pre-segmented into simple cells with the distance transformation watershed method, then we classify the lidar detection line maps with the trained neural network. The optimized areas of sparse sampling points are proposed by using the result of distance transform generated in the pre-segmentation process to prevent the sampling points selected in the boundary regions from influencing the results of semantic labeling. A prototype mobile robot was developed to verify the proposed method, the feasibility, validity, robustness and high efficiency were verified by a series of tests. The proposed method achieved higher scores in its recall, precision. Specifically, the mean recall is 0.965, and mean precision is 0.943.

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