scholarly journals A Study of Interactional Metadiscourse in English Abstracts of Chinese Economics Research Articles

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Research Articles ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interpersonal Model ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Economics Research

This study adopts the revised interpersonal model of metadiscourse to discover whether and to what extent Chinese authors employ a varying amount of Interactional Metadiscourse (IM) in the past decade in English abstracts of economics Research Articles (RAs). The data was drawn from a prestigious economics journal in China to compose a corpus of 289 abstracts. The analysis indicates that Chinese authors harmonize with English counterparts by capitalizing on more hedges, while the amount of boosters unexpectedly maintains at a high level over time, both of which can be attributed to the interaction of Chinese deep-seated cultural leanings and Anglo-American cultural preferences. Consistent with our prediction, attitude markers exhibit no significant difference along the years given the initial parallel with English counterparts. However, there are significant differences of self-mentions in the past decade regardless of English rhetorical conventions, which may be attributed to economical influences in China. With regards to engagement features, they remain relatively underused with no marked difference within the period resulting from the genre-specific factor which confines their use.

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Albjerg Graham
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
School Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
American Children ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Schools in America have danced to different drummers during their long history. Sometimes the drumbeat demanded rigidity in all programs; sometimes it wanted academic learning for only a few. Sometimes it encouraged unleashing children’s creativity, not teaching them facts. Sometimes it wanted children to solve the social problems, such as racial segregation, adults could not handle. Sometimes it tacitly supported some schools as warehouses, not instructional facilities. Sometimes it sought schooling to be the equalizer in a society in which the gap between rich and poor was growing. Sometimes the principal purpose of schooling seemed to be teaching citizenship and developing habits of work appropriate for a democratic society, while at other times its purpose seemed to be preparation for employment, which needed the same habits of work but also some academic skills. Now, the drumbeat demands that all children achieve academically at a high level and the measure of that achievement is tests. The rhythm and tempo of the drumbeats have shifted relatively frequently, but the schools have not adjusted to the new musical scores with alacrity. They are typically just beginning to master the previous drummers’ music when new drummers appear. Many, though not all, of the new beats have been improvements both for the children and for the nation. All drummers have sought literacy in English for American children, though very modest literacy levels have been acceptable in the past. Drummers have always sought a few students who attained high levels of academic achievement, including children from disparate social, economic, and racial backgrounds. Beyond that consensus, however, what we have wanted from schooling has changed dramatically over time. These expectations for schools typically have been expressed through criticisms—often virulent—of current school practices, and the responses that followed inevitably were slower and less complete than the most ardent critics demanded. These are the shifting assignments given to schools. The following chapters of this book describe these shifting assignments given to schools and then to colleges during the last century: “Assimilation: 1900– 1920”; “Adjustment: 1920–1954”; “Access: 1954–1983”; and “Achievement: 1983–Present.”

scholarly journals Sustainable Development of EFL Learners’ Research Writing Competence and Their Identity Construction: Chinese Novice Writer-Researchers’ Metadiscourse Use in English Research Articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9523
Author(s):  
Xiaole Gu ◽  
Ziwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Research Writing ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Interpersonal Model ◽  
Writing Competence

English for foreign language (EFL) novice writer-researchers are faced with an increasing pressure for international publication as a prerequisite for sustainable career development in academia. The use of metadiscourse, as a key indicator for their discourse competence, has been a subject of research for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and/or English for Specific Purposes (ESP) scholars. This study investigates metadiscourse features of research articles’ (RA) results and discussion (R&D) sections written by Chinese PhD students and their writer identities reflected through metadiscourse choice. A corpus was built, consisting of a subcorpus of R&D of unpublished research articles (RAs) written by Chinese PhD students (CNWs) and one of the same part-genre by English-speaking expert writers (EEWs). Metadiscourse used by the two groups were identified based on Hyland’s interpersonal model of metadiscourse. Quantitative analyses on the frequency and variety of metadiscourse markers found a significant difference not only in interactional metadiscourse but also in some subcategories of interactive and interactional metadiscourse, indicating that CNWs attach more importance to organisation of ideas than to the persuasiveness of arguments. A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the influence of the CNWs’ perception of RA writing on their metadiscourse choice. It revealed that knowledge of generic conventions and metadiscourse functions, awareness of the writer–reader relationship, and confidence in language competence may influence metadiscourse choice. The paper concludes with the view that the CNWs generally view themselves as a recounter and reporter of their research, remaining conservative when presenting an authoritative voice and a confident identity as a knowledge creator.

scholarly journals The role of socio-economic embeddedness in promoting cooperation in the workplace: Evidence from family-owned Italian firms

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110390
Author(s):  
John Geary ◽  
Andrea Signoretti
Keyword(s):  
Work Organization ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
Local Embeddedness ◽  
Technology Product ◽  
Edwards Model ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Workplace relations can be defined as cooperative when actors are satisfied that both their work organization and material concerns are met. However, cooperation is difficult to achieve and especially to maintain over time. A useful point of reference is the work of Bélanger and Edwards, who argue that technology, product markets and institutional regulations are necessary preconditions. Their model is derived mainly from studies of large, publicly-listed enterprises based in particular institutional (Anglo-American) contexts. In the present article the authors examine the case of family-owned, medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Northeast Italy. Bélanger and Edwards’ model provides some but limited theoretical purchase in explaining the high level of ongoing cooperation witnessed in the case firms. In addition, the firms’ concentrated, financially patient capital and family-ownership together with their local embeddedness increase their commitment to their community and facilitate collaboration and investments in it. The authors term these features firms’ socio-economic embeddedness.

scholarly journals The Relationship of the Components of the "I"-Image with the Mental States of Students in the Process of Studying over Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Evgen'evna Valiullina ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
Over Time

The study is devoted to the study of the structure of the interconnections of the components of the "I" -image of students with the various mental states they experience in the context of studying at a university. Students determined the severity of the components of the "I" -image in three time continua - in the past (1st year), in the present (3rd year), in the future (4th year). They also determined the frequency of occurrence of mental states during the first two years of study using a special questionnaire. Then a correlation analysis was carried out, which made it possible to find relationships with a high level of reliability between the components of the "I" -image of students and some mental states experienced in two educational situations, which differ qualitatively depending on the time continuum. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the presence of relationships, thanks to which it is possible to exert a certain influence on the experienced mental sta

scholarly journals A Probe on Crime Data in Various Domains

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3940-3948
Keyword(s):  
Research Articles ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Crime Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

The word 'crime' is not a word; there is a lot of pain and loss behind it. The word 'crime' is the most horrible word that scares human society. Even as this article is being read, somewhere in a corner of the world, a man is currently suffering as a result of a crime. Crime has changed its shape over time according to the dimension of men. The system of detection of crimes and punishment of criminals has reached considerable development. Efforts have been made to prevent crimes in the past, but no amicable solution has been reached. To date, there have been lots of strategies to prevent this. The intention of this research article is to analyze the research articles that have been used in various criminal cases/activities that have taken place at different locations, and to identify the criteria, concepts, tools, conclusions, credentials and shortcomings found in those articles.

Survival in male breast cancer (MaBC) over the past three decades.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 569-569
Author(s):  
Jose Pablo Leone ◽  
Rachel A. Freedman ◽  
Julieta Leone ◽  
Michael J. Hassett ◽  
Sara M. Tolaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

569 Background: Breast cancer mortality in women has declined significantly over the past several years. In men, it is unclear whether survival has changed over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in MaBC over the past three decades. Methods: We evaluated men diagnosed with breast cancer between 1988 and 2017, with known cause of death reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by year of diagnosis: 1988-1997, 1998-2007 and 2008-2017. BCSS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and differences between groups were compared by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the independent association of tumor and patient characteristics with BCSS and OS. Results: We included 8,412 men diagnosed between 1988-1997 (N = 1,033), 1998-2007 (N = 2,938) and 2008-2017 (N = 4,441). Median age for the overall population and within each decade of diagnosis was 68 years. Median follow-up was 23.6 years, 14.3 years and 4.5 years in periods 1988-1997, 1998-2007 and 2008-2017, respectively. Overall, BCSS at 5 years was 83.5%, 83.6% and 84.3% in periods 1988-1997, 1998-2007 and 2008-2017, respectively; p = 0.8. There was no significant difference in BCSS between the three periods of diagnosis within each stage of breast cancer (stage I, II, III and IV). Among all patients, OS at 5 years was 64.7%, 67.2% and 69.3% in periods 1988-1997, 1998-2007 and 2008-2017, respectively; p = 0.01. In multivariate Cox models, older age at diagnosis, black race, grade 3 disease, increasing stage, hormone receptor negative status and no surgery were all independently associated with worse BCSS and OS. In these adjusted Cox models, each additional year of diagnosis had no significant association with BCSS (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.99 – 1.01; p = 0.78), and a significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98 – 0.99; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Over the past three decades, there has been no significant improvement in BCSS in MaBC. The changes in OS over time suggest increasing life expectancy. Efforts to improve BCSS in MaBC are warranted.

The Future of Friendship

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Rebecca Roache
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the future of friendship, arguing that there is no reason to believe that the future of friendship will be fundamentally different from how friendship has been in the past. Despite cross-cultural differences, Dunbar’s Number remains constant and people with different friendship styles enjoy roughly the same health and emotional benefits from their friendships. Barring drastic change, it is likely that the future of friendship is not going to be markedly different from the past and the present of friendship. On closer examination, the sorts of things that are commonly viewed as threats to friendship — like social media and echo chambers — turn out to be less ominous. Time constraints, established social norms, and personal and cultural preferences are likely to apply brakes to the speed at which friendship transforms over time.

scholarly journals Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. West
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Shark Attacks ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Although infrequent, shark attacks attract a high level of public and media interest, and often have serious consequences for those attacked. Data from the Australian Shark Attack File were examined to determine trends in unprovoked shark attacks since 1900, particularly over the past two decades. The way people use the ocean has changed over time. The rise in Australian shark attacks, from an average of 6.5 incidents per year in 1990–2000, to 15 incidents per year over the past decade, coincides with an increasing human population, more people visiting beaches, a rise in the popularity of water-based fitness and recreational activities and people accessing previously isolated coastal areas. There is no evidence of increasing shark numbers that would influence the rise of attacks in Australian waters. The risk of a fatality from shark attack in Australia remains low, with an average of 1.1 fatalities year–1 over the past 20 years. The increase in shark attacks over the past two decades is consistent with international statistics of shark attacks increasing annually because of the greater numbers of people in the water.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Modernism Under Review: Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Marjorie Perloff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
First World

This essay offers a critical re-assessment of Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era. It argues that Kenner's magisterial survey remains important to our understanding of Modernism, despite its frankly partisan viewpoint. Kenner's is an insider's account of the Anglo-American Modernist writing that he takes to have been significant because it sought to invent a new language consonant with the ethos of the twentieth century. The essay suggests that Kenner's impeccable attention to the Modernist renovation of language goes beyond formalism, since, for him, its ‘patterned energies’ (a term derived from Buckminster Fuller's theory of knots) relate Modernism to the larger complex of artefacts within which it functions and, beyond these, to what he takes to be the great works of the past and to the scientific-technological inventions of the present. But the essay also points out that Kenner's is an eccentric canon, which makes no room for Forster, Frost, Lawrence, or Stevens. Furthermore, Kenner's emphasis on the First World War as a great cultural rupture, while plausible, works less well for Joyce and Williams than it does for Pound and Eliot.

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