scholarly journals Characterization of the Pyrolytic Products of Pine Nut Shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
S. Batbileg ◽  
B. Purevsuren ◽  
M. Battsetseg ◽  
A. Ankhtuya ◽  
D. Batkhishig
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Pyrolysis Tar ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
First Time

Have been determined the technical characteristics and elemental composition of shells. The elemental composition of the shell was determined by a microanalytical method such as 5Е С2000 model CNH-analyzer. The pyrolysis of shells investigated by using a standard quartz retort (tube) at different heating temperatures and determined the yields of pyrolysis products such as hard residue, tar, pyrolytic water, and gas. As a result of these experiments have been determined that 30% hard residue, higher yield 13% of tar, can be obtained at heating temperature 500oC. Thermogravimetric analysis of shells carried out in TG/DTA7200, Hitachi, Japan model equipment. The shells’ ash chemical composition was first time determined by the X-ray diffractions powder, that it consists of significantly higher 40% these chemical elements including manganese, nickel, little zinc, sulfur, aluminum, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and calcium. The solubility of purified pyrolysis tar of shells in hexane, benzene and dichloromethane were investigated by using silicagel column and the chemical composition of each fraction determined by using of GC/MS chromatography system. The FTIR spectra of shell and pyrolysis tar determined by using of a Nicolet 20-PC spectrometer. The porosity structure of activated pyrolysis hard residue determined by the SEM analysis.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

About the possibility of identification of articles from steels, aluminum, copper and alloys on their basis on the expanded micro-impurity elemental composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Sazonov ◽  
D. Yu. Ozherelkov ◽  
R. Sh. Latypov ◽  
E. E. Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Elementary Composition ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
The Common

Possibility of determination of the fragments and articles made of different grades of steel aluminium and copper alloys and their affiliation to the common melt was examined via the methods of photoelectric spectral analysis based on composition of micro-impurities. Chemical elements with micro-impurities were revealed; they allow to determine affiliation of metal fragments to one melt. Ultimately possible deviations of micro-impurities within one melt were obtained. The technique allowing to establish affiliation of fragments to the common melt based on their elementary composition of micro-impurities with minimal amount of measurements was suggested based on the obtained results. The minimal geometric size of a sample available for analysis was determined; it allows to classify the examined fragments to one melt based on the results of investigation of expanded elementary composition of micro-impurities. Practical opportunities of this technique were displayed on the example of the alloys with different chemical composition.

Characterization of the chemical composition (mineral, lead and centesimal) in pine nut (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze) using exploratory data analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 130672
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Ferreira Requião Silva ◽  
Bruna Rosa da Silva Santos ◽  
Lucas Almir Cavalcante Minho ◽  
Geovani Cardoso Brandão ◽  
Márcio de Jesus Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Exploratory Data Analysis ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Exploratory Data

Fractal nature analysis in porous structured bio-ceramics

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150318
Author(s):  
Vojislav V. Mitić ◽  
Po-Yu Chen ◽  
Yueh-Ying Chou ◽  
Ivana D. Ilić ◽  
Bojana Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Formation ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ice Sublimation

Hydroxyapatite scaffold is a type of bio-ceramic. Its cellular design has similarities with the morphologies in nature. Therefore, it is very important to control the structure, especially the porosity, as one of the main features for bio-ceramics applications. According to some literature, freeze casting can form the shape of dendrites and remain a foam structure after ice sublimation. Ice nucleation became more heterogeneous with the aid of printing materials during freeze casting. This procedure can even improve the issue of crack formation. In this paper, we studied the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite scaffold. We also analyzed the porosity by fractal nature characterization, and successfully reconstructed pore shape, which is important for predicting ceramic morphology. We applied SEM analysis on bio-ceramic samples, at four different magnifications for the same pore structure. This is important for fractal analysis and pores reconstruction. We calculated the fractal dimensions based on measurements. In this way, we completed the fractal characterization of porosity and confirmed possibilities for successful porous shapes reconstruction. In this paper, we confirmed, for the first time, that fractal nature can be successfully applied in the area of porous bio-ceramics.

scholarly journals Microscopy characterization of metallurgical production evidences from Vila Nova de São Pedro (Azambuja, Portugal)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
F. Pereira ◽  
R.J. Silva ◽  
A.M. Monge Soares ◽  
M.F. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Arsenical Copper

The Castro de Vila Nova de São Pedro (VNSP) is an emblematic settlement located at Azambuja (Portugal), occupied predominantly during the Chalcolithic period. A large and diversified metallurgical collection was recovered from this settlement which includes artefacts, crucibles and other metallurgical production remains, like slags and droplets. The chemical and microstructural characterization of this metallic collection aims to contribute to a better comprehension of the early copper-based metallurgy on the Portuguese Estremadura, the degree of knowledge of the ancient metallurgists and the role of the metallurgical activities in Chalcolithic societies.A group of 53 selected copper-based fragments of artefacts plus metallurgical production remains (12 crucibles and 20 slags and droplets), all belonging to VNSP, were characterized by using different analytical techniques: EDXRF and micro-EDXRF spectrometry, optical microscopy (OM) and SEM-EDS. The EDXRF and micro-EDXRF spectrometry gives the elemental composition of the artefacts and metallic nodules. The microscopy techniques play a fundamental role in the chemical and microstructural characterization of artefacts and metallurgical remains. The OM allows the identification of different phases, inclusions and thermomechanical processes applied during the shaping of the artefacts. The SEM-EDS plays an important role in the determination of main chemical phases present in the metal alloy and slags, and also in the distribution of chemical elements and minerals in the inclusions. The combination of these two microscopy techniques gives indication of the processes used in the reduction of minerals in order to obtain the metal and also allows the characterization of the operation chain, regarding the production of artefacts.The research that has been carried out by us offer indications concerning the provenance of the arsenic, the technological choices involved in the production of an arsenical copper alloy and how it was recognized by ancient metallurgists. Results obtained on the elemental composition of the metallurgical production remains are consistent with copper and arsenical copper (As > 2 %) artefact production. Crucibles and slags analysed indicate melting and smelting operations (of copper ores or copper/arsenic ores). A statistically significant association was found between copper alloyed with arsenic and artefacts classified as tools/weapons (arrowheads, daggers and knives). In several cases, the presence of arsenic rich phases in the microstructure, resulting from an inverse segregation phenomenon, shows no evidence of chemical homogeneity control during the artefact manufacture. Microstructural analyses also show that the majority of the artefactual group was shaped with forging plus annealing operation cycles and 23 % of the artefacts received a final forging treatment. This final treatment was associated to artefacts presenting higher arsenic contents.This research work has been financed by the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT-MCTES) through the EarlyMetal project (PTDC/HIS-ARQ/110442/2008) and the PhD Grant SFRH/BD/78107/2011 (FP). The financial support of CENIMAT/I3N through the Strategic Project-LA25-2011-2012 (PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2011) is also acknowledged.

The Frozen Biological Specimen in Fly Ash Investigations

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Biological Surface ◽  
Cell Alterations ◽  
Number Of Particles

Fly ash is the major particulate pollutant resulting from coal combustion. These micron and sub-micron sized particles have been shown to contain many toxic chemical elements (1) and the chemical composition can vary greatly from particle to particle. In studying the biological effects which may be associated with these particles, attention to damage to even a single cell is necessary. Carcinogenesis, in particular, may have an initiating event associated with the transformation of a single cell. Both the exposure in terms of variation in single particle chemistry and biological effect in terms of single cell alterations must be measured at the microscopic level rather than relying exclusively on bulk techniques which average the chemical composition of a great number of particles and the damage to a great many cells.The frozen specimen helps to preserve the chemical properties of the fly ash particles by reducing the number of solvent steps needed during preparation. The biological surface can also be maintained in the frozen specimen with the possibility of either retaining hydration during SEM analysis in .he form of ice or removing the water by freeze drying techniques.

Eggshell MembraneBased Turmeric Extract Loaded Orally Disintegrating Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Deniz Köse ◽  
Nazlı Ungun ◽  
Oguz Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Eggshell Membrane ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
First Time ◽  
Low Solubility

Background: The increasing interest in using natural bioactive compounds as new drug candidates and their low solubility led to designing and developing novel drug delivery systems. Out of those, orally disintegrating films (ODFs) are a very eminent drug delivery system among pediatrics and geriatrics. Objective: In our study, the solvent casting method was used to prepare eggshell membrane-based and turmeric extract loaded orally disintegrating films. Method: Characterization of the prepared films was done with FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis. The release profile of the turmeric extract was determined and fitted to the mathematical models. Results: AFM results showed that the best interaction between components was achieved in Film-2. The highest cumulative release percentage was obtained for the film with 7.5 % (w/w) turmeric extract (Film-2) as 41.98% based on the HPLC measurements. The Higuchi model was the best-fitted model for Film-2. Conclusion: In this study, SEP and CMCH were used for the first time as biopolymers to prepare the orally disintegrating film. Turmeric extract was successfully integrated into films prepared from SEP and CMCH.

Characterization of walnut, almond, and pine nut shells regarding chemical composition and extract composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla S. G. P. Queirós ◽  
Sofia Cardoso ◽  
Ana Lourenço ◽  
Joana Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pine Nut

Synthesis of Zeolites from Treated Oil Palm Ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1035-1039
Author(s):  
Che Pa Faizul ◽  
Chik Abdullah ◽  
Bari Fazlul
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Oil Palm Ash

In this study, the ability of treated oil palm ash aided with kaolin powder to produce zeolites is studied. The use of treated oil palm ash in the zeolites conversion seems to be an option for waste materials management. Characterization of treated oil palm ash from Malaysia’s palm oil plantation has been acquitted. The treated oil palm ash and kaolin powder are used as the starting material for the synthesis of zeolites materials. The method chose for the zeolites conversion is alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The chemical composition, crystalline phases and elemental composition of treated oil palm ash and as-synthesized samples were characterized and studied. From the analysis, the treated oil palm ash was a fertile source of silica and exists as quartz phase. The outcomes have significant motivation for the production of zeolites by using low cost material such as treated oil palm ash.

scholarly journals Approbation of identification and correction technology for dairy cows elementosis according to hair elemental composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Sergey Miroshnikov ◽  
O. ZAVYALOV
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Elemental Status ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a new technology for the diagnosis and correction of dairy cattle elementoses according to the chemical composition of hair, using elementoses of various etiologies. Methodology and methods. The experimental design included two studies: the first is a micropopulation of the Simmental cows with a deficiency of calcium, zinc, selenium and manganese in hair; the second is Black Spotted cows with a significant excess in the established standards for lead and cadmium against the background of a deficiency of calcium, zinc, selenium and copper. Based on a comparison of data after initial analysis of hair according to 25 parameters with physiological norm intervals a mineral premix consisting of organic forms of limited chemical elements was included in the diet for animals in the first and second experiments. In order to optimize lead and cadmium pools, sorbent of heavy metals was additionally included in the diets of experimental animals in the second experiment. Results and practical relevance. Feeding with corrective additives in the diets led to the normalization of elemental status for the vast majority of elements in both experiments. Moreover, cows in the first experiment had an increase in the yield of milk and milk fat by 7.2 % during the lactation period; in the second experiment, an increase in the number of fruitful inseminations was registered, it was accompanied by a decrease of calving interval and service periods by 4.5 and 17.7 %, with an increase in the calf yield. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the elemental profile of dairy cattle was described using distiller’s grain in feeding; the technology for identifying and correction of dairy cattle elementoses based on data of hair elemental composition has been developed in production conditions.

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