scholarly journals Politeness Strategies in Directive Speech Acts in Local Indonesian Parliament Assembly Proceedings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Kuncoro Dibyo Sarjono Maskuri ◽  
Samiati Tarjana ◽  
Djatmika Djatmika ◽  
Dwi Purnanto
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Directive Speech

This study reports on politeness in directive speech acts appearing within the proceedings of the local parliament for Sukoharjo, Indonesia. The aim is to explain the politeness strategies used to convey intended persuasive forces during parliamentary discourses. Drawing upon the pragmatic qualitative approach, this study examined 18 parliamentarians and data on their previous utterances’ form, function, meaning, and context in the proceedings. Using data collected through observation, records, and documentation, it looks at how the politicians acted. The results show that directive acts represent the main performance, with 154 tokens of illocution and 44 directive speech acts for politeness. Politeness strategies to perform directive speech acts are colored with on record, positive politeness, and aversion-to-acting negative politeness. The characters for positive politeness include inviting-gentle-direct, repressing-gentle-direct, suggesting-gentle-indirect, repressing-gentle-indirect, gentle-indirect, and respecting direct. This study implies pragmatic analysis in a different setting where an emphasized degree of formality is required. Suggestions are made to compare or contrast with utterances in less formal interactions, such as in the negotiations between a buyer and seller, and in religious circumstances like sermons in a mosque, church, or colloquial proceedings.

scholarly journals BENTUK TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM ACARA MARIO TEGUH GOLDEN WAYS

Vidya Karya ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: This research deals with directive speech in the Mario Teguh Golden Ways. This study uses a qualitative approach. That is, data that has been found later identified, analyzed and classified through a qualitative analysis. In line with the approach, the method used is descriptive method. From the results of the study, it is showed that the speech act in Mario Teguh Golden Ways is a directive speech act, which is seen from the number of words used by Mario in giving advice. This can be seen in terms of understanding that researcher found. Directive speech acts (directives) illocutionary aim to produce an effect of an act committed by the addressees; this illocutionary is for example, ordering, commanding, pleading, demanding, and giving advice. Keywords: Discourse, Directives Speech Acts, Mario Teguh Golden Ways Abstrak: Penelitian ini berkenaan dengan bentuk tidak tutur direktif dalam acara Mario Teguh Golden Ways. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Artinya, data yang telah ditemukan kemudian diidentifikasi, dianalisis dan diklasifikasikan melalui analisis secara kualitatif. Sejalan dengan pendekatannya, metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur yang banyak terdapat pada acara Mario Teguh Golden Ways adalah tindak tutur direktif yang dapat diamati dari banyaknya kalimat yang digunakan oleh Mario Teguh dalam berbicara memberi saran dan nasihat. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari segi pengertian yang telah peneliti dapatkan. Tindak tutur direktif (directives) ilokusi ini bertujuan menghasilkan suatu efek berupa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh petutur; ilokusi ini misalnya, memesan, memerintah, memohon, menuntut, memberi nasihat.Kata kunci : Wacana, Tindak Tutur Direktif, Acara Mario Teguh Golden Ways

scholarly journals Independent Infinitive in Directive Speech Acts for Direct Communication in the Polish Language and Its Equivalents in the French Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Joanna Górnikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
French Language ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

This article discusses the Polish independent infinitive, which constitutes a predicate in imperative utterances, and its French functional equivalents. The analysis was conducted at two levels. In the first part, the author describes the independent infinitive in the Polish language referring to the Polish formal structural syntax (Saloni, Świdziński 2012). This is to determine which place is occupied by this unit in a sentence, both in relation to other uses of the infinitive and in comparison to other units with the function of a predicate in statements of the same modality. The French structural equivalent has been determined on the basis of the same criterion of syntax dependency. However, even though both languages have corresponding structures, they do not use them in the same way. Only in Polish it is possible to form sentences with infinitive predicates in the spoken language, in face-to-face conversation. What are the factors that favour choosing this form? The author answers this question in her semantic and pragmatic analysis, conducted in the methodological framework of speech act theory (Searle 1979, Vanderveken 1988). She presents imperatives as a class of speech acts, which are extensively developed and specifies those, which can be executed by means of utterances with infinitive predicates. Additionally, factors of social and psychological character have been taken into consideration, as those which favour selecting the discussed form. What structure constitutes its functional equivalent in the French language? An analysis of a body composed of examples originating primarily from dialogues in contemporary literary works and their approved translations has allowed, on the one hand, to confirm the intuitive belief that grammar forms perform this function, in face-to-face oral communication the French language has only the command mode forms (l’impératif in French). On the other hand, we can launch a discussion about possibilities to translate them into a language which does not allow for an analogous use of the available infinitive structure.

scholarly journals KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM TALK SHOW SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT DI TV ONE (TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Nur Aini Syah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Data Validation ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

The aim of this research are to explain the politeness of directive speech acts and politeness strategy, which supports the effectiveness of the talk show. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data resources are spoken data from three episodes of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show on TV One. The technique of data sampling is determined by purposive sampling. The data validation technic in this research is triangulation technic. The result of the research shows that the types of directive speech acts in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat are to please, to request, to ask, to order, to invite, and to forbid. The politeness strategies of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. The politeness of directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of the talk show because of some factors, such as types of directive speech act and politeness strategy.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Analysis of Mitigation in the New Testament and Prophetic Traditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Riyadh Tariq Kadhim Al-Ameedi ◽  
Adawiaya Sattar Abood
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Directive Speech Acts

This paper attempts to investigate mitigation in biblical verses and prophetic traditions from a pragmatic perspective. This study tries to answer the following question: what are the most common pragmatic theories by which this phenomenon is conveyed by the speaker and understood by the listener. Accordingly, it tries to achieve the following aims: 1) specifying the most prominent categories of speech acts employed in such texts; 2) delineating the politeness strategies exploited in this discourse; 3) identifying the deictic expressions and pragmatic – conversational strategies utilized in both texts, It is hypothesized that 1) biblical verses and prophetic traditions show variations in the use of directive speech acts; 2) both positive and negative politeness strategies are employed in religious discourse ;3) non-specific reference and second person plural as deictic expressions are supposed to be used widely in this discourse;4) hinting strategy is employed highly in religious discourse because it indicates indirectness. An eclectic model is developed which utilizes Searle's (1969) model of speech acts and Brown & Levinson's (1987) model of politeness. The data of analysis are limited to three biblical texts taken from the New Testament and three prophetic traditions. Findings of the analysis reveal that the first and second hypotheses are fully validated whereas the third and fourth ones are partially invalidated in that non-specific reference pronouns such as 'one' is not used in biblical texts and the hinting strategy is not the most prominent strategy in biblical texts.

The directive speech acts used in english speaking class

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khatib Bayanuddin ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin ◽  
Hilma Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Study Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Prediction Statement

This research discusses about an analysis of the directive speech acts used in english speaking class at the third semester of english speaking class of english study program of IAIN STS Jambi. The aims of this research are to describe the types of directive speech acts and politeness strategies that found in English speaking class. This research used descriptive qualitative method. This method used to describe clearly about the types and politeness strategies of directive speech acts based on the data in English speaking class. The result showed that in English speaking class that there are some types and politeness strategies of directive speech acts, such as: requestives, questions, requirements, prohibitives, permissives, and advisores as types, as well as on-record indirect strategies (prediction statement, strong obligation statement, possibility statement, weaker obligation statement, volitional statement), direct strategies (imperative, performative), and nonsentential strategies as politeness strategies. The achievement of this research are hoped can be additional knowledge about linguistics study, especially in directive speech acts and can be developed for future researches. Key words: directive speech acts, types, politeness strategies.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACT AND POLITENESS TRATEGY USED BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHER IN ONLINE LEARNING IN SMA LAB UNDISKSHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
I Gede Rizky Aditiya ◽  
I Nyoman Adi Jaya ◽  
Dewa Putu Ramendra
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Teaching Online ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Language is an essential tool that we use in our daily life. In general, language is used as a tool to convey information. In using language, speakers must pay attention to the language used. Language users should do this to avoid or minimize errors in conveying information to listeners. This study aims to determine what types of speech acts and politeness strategies are used by pre-service teachers when teaching online classes. This research is expected to provide an overview of how speech acts and politeness strategies can affect educational activities. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research was conducted using two steps. The researcher's first step is to observe how preservice teachers use speech act and politeness strategies in online classes. Then the researcher will conduct interviews with research subjects or pre-service teachers to verify the data that has been observed. In conducting this research, the researcher used two theories as to the research foundation. The first theory is Searle's theory of speech act types and Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness strategies. The study found that if pre-service teachers use five types of speech acts, they are representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and directive. This study also found that pre-service teachers used more directive speech acts in teaching online classes than other types of speech acts. In addition to the use of speech acts, this study also found that pre-service teachers also use four politeness strategies in teaching online classes. The four types of politeness strategies are bald-onrecord, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record.

scholarly journals "Wir laden Sie ein!" - "Jetzt anmelden!" Zur Spannweite von Instruktionen in Werbebriefen

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (40) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Martin Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Text Genre ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

Instructive texts are an inclusive term for a wide range of action initiating texts, i.e. texts where the action is being initiated through the text (e.g. in a sales letter, Nielsen 2003a: 66), and action commanding texts, i.e. texts where an action which the receiver wanted to execute anyway is being instructed (e.g. instructions, Reiß 1983: 17). Since sales letters are action-initiating and thus as a text genre constituting feature contain directive speech acts (Searle 1969, 1976, Wagner 2001, Nielsen 2006), they are per definition face-threatening (Brown/ Levinson 1978, Nielsen 2006). The communication configuration is asymmetric and the power relationship skewed: On the one hand, the sender wants something from the receiver although not entitled to claim that because of the power relations. On the other hand, the action that the receiver is requested to do might very well be in the interest of the receiver. On that background it seems natural that there is a wide range in the realization of instructions in sales letters: from the euphemistic „We invite you!“ to the completely unhidden, almost rude „Register now!“ This article sets out to describe and explore this range on the basis of authentic Danish and German sales letters and to make an attempt at a first tentative classification of politeness strategies that soften the face-threatening speech acts of those instructions.

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF GURU DALAM WACANA INTERAKSI KELAS ANAK TUNARUNGU

LITERA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardianto Ardianto
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Classroom Conversation ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

This study aims to describe forms, functions, and strategies of the teacher’s directive speech acts in the discourse of deaf children’s classroom interaction. It employed the qualitative approach. The data were naturalistic in nature, collected from communication occurring in classroom interaction. The findings are as follows. First, the forms include declarative, interrogative, and imperative ones. Second, the functions comprise commands, requests, prohibitions, permissions, suggestions, expectations, invitations, warnings, and elicitations. Third, the strategies consist of direct and indirect ones. The realization of the forms, functions, and strategies of the teacher’s directive speech acts is based on a variety of contexts underlying classroom conversation discourse.

Politeness Strategies Used in Directive Speech Acts in Classroom Interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairina Dewi ◽  
Lince Sihombing ◽  
Sri Minda Murni
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Recorded Observation

This research deals with politeness strategies used in directive speech acts in classroom interaction. It specially focused on types of politeness strategies which were used by teachers and students in directive speech acts, how and why those types were realized the way they were. The approach used in this research was based on politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). The data were the transcriptions of the recorded observation and interview taken by using audio visual recorder in the classroom interaction of SMAN 1 Talawi, Batu Bara. The findings showed that all types of politeness strategies were applied in directive speech acts in classroom interaction. However, they were not used by all participants. Off record was not used in student to student interaction. The most dominant type of politeness strategies used was bald on record. It was used because of the limited vocabulary of the students when they speak English, because of efficiency, to avoid the misinterpretation on the participants, to show the teacher’s power when they commanded the students to do something and to show their firmness when they forbad or admonished the students not to do something. Keywords: Directive Speech Acts; Classroom Interaction; Politeness Strategies

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