scholarly journals Independent Infinitive in Directive Speech Acts for Direct Communication in the Polish Language and Its Equivalents in the French Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Joanna Górnikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
French Language ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

This article discusses the Polish independent infinitive, which constitutes a predicate in imperative utterances, and its French functional equivalents. The analysis was conducted at two levels. In the first part, the author describes the independent infinitive in the Polish language referring to the Polish formal structural syntax (Saloni, Świdziński 2012). This is to determine which place is occupied by this unit in a sentence, both in relation to other uses of the infinitive and in comparison to other units with the function of a predicate in statements of the same modality. The French structural equivalent has been determined on the basis of the same criterion of syntax dependency. However, even though both languages have corresponding structures, they do not use them in the same way. Only in Polish it is possible to form sentences with infinitive predicates in the spoken language, in face-to-face conversation. What are the factors that favour choosing this form? The author answers this question in her semantic and pragmatic analysis, conducted in the methodological framework of speech act theory (Searle 1979, Vanderveken 1988). She presents imperatives as a class of speech acts, which are extensively developed and specifies those, which can be executed by means of utterances with infinitive predicates. Additionally, factors of social and psychological character have been taken into consideration, as those which favour selecting the discussed form. What structure constitutes its functional equivalent in the French language? An analysis of a body composed of examples originating primarily from dialogues in contemporary literary works and their approved translations has allowed, on the one hand, to confirm the intuitive belief that grammar forms perform this function, in face-to-face oral communication the French language has only the command mode forms (l’impératif in French). On the other hand, we can launch a discussion about possibilities to translate them into a language which does not allow for an analogous use of the available infinitive structure.

scholarly journals "Wir laden Sie ein!" - "Jetzt anmelden!" Zur Spannweite von Instruktionen in Werbebriefen

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (40) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Martin Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Text Genre ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

Instructive texts are an inclusive term for a wide range of action initiating texts, i.e. texts where the action is being initiated through the text (e.g. in a sales letter, Nielsen 2003a: 66), and action commanding texts, i.e. texts where an action which the receiver wanted to execute anyway is being instructed (e.g. instructions, Reiß 1983: 17). Since sales letters are action-initiating and thus as a text genre constituting feature contain directive speech acts (Searle 1969, 1976, Wagner 2001, Nielsen 2006), they are per definition face-threatening (Brown/ Levinson 1978, Nielsen 2006). The communication configuration is asymmetric and the power relationship skewed: On the one hand, the sender wants something from the receiver although not entitled to claim that because of the power relations. On the other hand, the action that the receiver is requested to do might very well be in the interest of the receiver. On that background it seems natural that there is a wide range in the realization of instructions in sales letters: from the euphemistic „We invite you!“ to the completely unhidden, almost rude „Register now!“ This article sets out to describe and explore this range on the basis of authentic Danish and German sales letters and to make an attempt at a first tentative classification of politeness strategies that soften the face-threatening speech acts of those instructions.

scholarly journals French Modality of Verb Modal in Directive Acts on Michel Vaillant's Comic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290
Author(s):  
Yuliantini - Yuliantini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
French Language ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Each language has a modality to express the speaker's attitude. The form that describes the attitude of the speaker is in the form of grammatical elements and there are also lexical elements. In French, the lexical attitude of the speaker can be characterized by capital verbs such as vouloir, devoir, pouvoir and falloir. This paper discusses the modalities in directive speech acts in its use in French in French-language comics namely Michel Vaillante. This article aims to find out the function of using modal modal verb modalities realized by Michel Vaillante comics. Data is collected from Michel Vaillante comics downloaded from the online version of the Culturethèque website. Data collection was done using the 'see' method, then analyzed using the agih method with the basic technique 'for direct elements'. The last step is the method of presenting data. The author uses formal and informal methods in presenting the results of data analysis. The results show that the function of the French modal modal verb in directive speech acts expresses the meaning of governing, suggesting, and expressing hope. The capital verbs used are devoir, pouvoir, vouloir, and falloir.Keywords: modalities, French, capital verbs, directive speech acts.

scholarly journals Politeness Strategies in Directive Speech Acts in Local Indonesian Parliament Assembly Proceedings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Kuncoro Dibyo Sarjono Maskuri ◽  
Samiati Tarjana ◽  
Djatmika Djatmika ◽  
Dwi Purnanto
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Directive Speech

This study reports on politeness in directive speech acts appearing within the proceedings of the local parliament for Sukoharjo, Indonesia. The aim is to explain the politeness strategies used to convey intended persuasive forces during parliamentary discourses. Drawing upon the pragmatic qualitative approach, this study examined 18 parliamentarians and data on their previous utterances’ form, function, meaning, and context in the proceedings. Using data collected through observation, records, and documentation, it looks at how the politicians acted. The results show that directive acts represent the main performance, with 154 tokens of illocution and 44 directive speech acts for politeness. Politeness strategies to perform directive speech acts are colored with on record, positive politeness, and aversion-to-acting negative politeness. The characters for positive politeness include inviting-gentle-direct, repressing-gentle-direct, suggesting-gentle-indirect, repressing-gentle-indirect, gentle-indirect, and respecting direct. This study implies pragmatic analysis in a different setting where an emphasized degree of formality is required. Suggestions are made to compare or contrast with utterances in less formal interactions, such as in the negotiations between a buyer and seller, and in religious circumstances like sermons in a mosque, church, or colloquial proceedings.

scholarly journals La evolución de la imagen de rol social familiar a través de la modulación pragmática de los actos de habla directivos en el teatro de los siglos XIX y XX. Estudio de la atenuación e intensificación en los roles de padre, madre e hijo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-75
Author(s):  
Marta Gancedo Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Actos De Habla ◽  
Directive Speech

AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of the family role face – specifically, the roles of father, mother and child – in a concrete period of the Spanish social history -from the end of 19th century to the 1960s. To achieve this goal, a corpus of theater plays is analyzed from a functional and pragmalinguistic perspective in a socio-historical context. The focus is on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the projection of role face in the expression of directive speech acts and their possible modulation through two pragmatic strategies: mitigation and intensification. Based on the results of the analysis, a sociopragmatic interpretation is carried out by identifying the connection between the choice of pragmalinguistic strategies and the need of the speakers’ autonomy face and affiliation face in different roles as family member in the given period. The results point to a progressive solidarity in father-child relationships during this period. On the one hand, that is based on the erosion of the authoritarian component of parental roles. On the other hand, it is anchored in the consolidation of proximity, closeness (‘confianza’) and affectivity. From a methodological point of view, the present study confirms the possibility of characterizing a sociopragmatic aspect (role face) on the basis of pragmalinguistic elements, i.e. the linguistic expression of directive speech acts, and its modulation through mitigation and intensification.

scholarly journals DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN TOUS SUPER HÉROS COMIC BY JEAN-CHRISTOPHE CAMUS, LILIAN THURAM AND BENJAMIN CHAUD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Deswita Davi Isa ◽  
Ninuk Lustyantie ◽  
Ratna Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
French Language ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

The objective of this study is to understand comprehensively the directive speech acts contained in the comic Tous Super-Héros by Jean-Christophe Camus, Lilian Thuram and Benjamin Chaud which includes forms, meanings and functions. The data analysed were dialogues between the characters in the Tous Super-Héros comic that were found in the dialogue balloon. The data, hereafter processed through a content analysis method with a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach used here is an approach that investigates a social phenomenon and human problems which the data collected consists of words (or text) from the expressions between speakers and interlocutors in the dialogue. Analysis of the findings shows that literal direct speech acts as a form of directive speech act has the highest intensity of 65.12%, the context of commands and warnings as the meaning of directive speech acts has the highest intensity of 20.93%, and advisories as a directive speech act function has the highest intensity of 24.41% . The findings in this study have implications for general French language insights, and for understanding the social and cultural of French expressions.

PRAGMALINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDAGOGICAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
ELENA N. GORBACHEVA ◽  
◽  
JULIA M. FOKINA ◽  
ALLA A. KALENDR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

The analysis of pragmatic characteristics of linguistic means, manifesting democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication, is carried out. The material of the research was the original scripts of the feature films "Dead Poets Society" ("Society of Dead Poets", 1989) and "Mona Lisa Smile" ("Mona Lisa's smile", 2003). The following research methods such as conceptual analysis, interpretive analysis and pragmassemantic analysis were used. The aim of the work is to study the pragmalinguistic characteristics of pedagogical communication styles. The topic of the work seems to be relevant, since, on the one hand, there is an increased interest of linguists in the study of various aspects of pedagogical discourse, and on the other hand, pedagogical communication styles have not been sufficiently studied from a pragmalinguistic point of view. The democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication are considered. It has been established that each of them is characterized by a certain set of means, manifesting democracy and authoritarianism at the pragmalinguistic level. The revealed speech acts allow to characterize the communication styles of teachers as democratic or authoritarian. As a result of the analysis of the factual material, markers of the democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication were revealed. It was found that the democratic style of communication is manifested with the help of speech acts that perform an inspirational (inspirational) function, such as praise, imperatives (calls for value-related actions), declarative (proclamation of certain values); through a speech act of advice as well as a joke. The markers of the authoritarian style of communication include directive speech acts (warnings about punishment, bordering on a threat, requirements for compliance with established rules, orders, prohibitions, recommendations) and a speech act of teaching.

scholarly journals Acts of Illocutionary Speech by Ganjar Pranowo in the "One Hour Closer" Talkshow

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Iskandarsyah Siregar, Salsabila
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
Directive Speech

An illocutionary speech act is doing something related to other functions and purposes of the speech. Speech acts are a reaction by an interaction involving two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner. One-hour closer, which TV One broadcasted, was a talk show presenting essential people not far from the government and community leaders who had significant roles for the nation. One of the characters is Ganjar Pranowo. Ganjar Pranowo has been the Governor of Central Java for two terms who have served since August 23, 2013. This study aims to describe the forms of illocutionary speech acts and the functions of illocutionary speech acts contained in Ganjar Pranowo's speech in the talkshow "One Hour Closer." This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sample of conversational quotations. The data collection technique used is the listening method using note-taking techniques and free-involved-talk listening techniques. The results showed that: 1) the forms of illocutionary speech acts contained in Ganjar Pranowo's speech, include assertive speech acts, directive speech acts, commissive speech acts, expressive speech acts, and declarative speech acts and 2) the functions of illocutionary speech acts that found in Ganjar Pranowo's speech, including four assertive speech acts with the function of stating, one speech act of assertive function of claiming, one speech act of advising function, two commissive speech acts of offering something, two expressive speech acts of praising function, and one declarative speech act of dismissing function. This situation shows that this study contains illocutionary speech acts and 11 different functions of illocutionary speech acts.

Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Jovita Putri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Declarative Sentence ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

<p>The research entitled Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes purposes to describe and uncover the types of form and intended meaning of directive speech act on that drama script. This descriptive research uses pragmatic approach and theory. The collecting and analysing data are focused on the using of declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in the text of drama. The forms of those sentences will be analysed to find out the types of form of directive speech act, while the context of those sentences will be used to analyze the intended meaning of directive speech act uttered by speakers. The results of the research are found that, first, there are two types of the form of directive speech acts, direct directive speech acts and indirect directive speech acts. Direct directive speech acts are represented by imperative sentence without subject; imperative sentence with let; and negative imperative sentence. Meanwhile the indirect directive speech acts are represented by declarative sentence statement; declarative sentence if clause; negative declarative sentences; and interrogative sentences. Second, the intended meanings seen on drama script of Family 2.0 are command, prohibition, request, treat, and persuasion. It can be concluded that, the most frequent intended meaning appeared in directive speech acts on this script is command by the use of imperative forms. Then, the declarative and interrogative forms are used to request something by adults charaters; in contrast the kids characters use them to command and prohibit the hearer.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> family 2.0, pragmatic, speech act, directive, form and intended meaning

SPEECH ACTS IN BARACK OBAMA SPEECH’S IN ANNOUNCING THE DEATH OF OSAMA BIN LADEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Atiya Mahmud Hana
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
White House ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

  This study aims to observe and describe the use of speech acts by Barack Obama when he announced the death of Osama bin Laden. The writer focuses on illocutionary acts used by Barack Obama. The primary data source is the transcript of Barack Obama’s speech at White House on May 1st, 2011 after the death of Osama bin Laden. The types of illocutionary acts are observed by the writer according to Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Act. They are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. The result of the study shows that representatives are frequetnly used by Obama in his speech. Representatives are used in 54 utterances (74%); Commissives are used in 11 utterances (15%); Expressives are used in 7 utterances (11%). Barack Obama used none both directive speech acts and declaration speech acts. Representatives are frequently used in Barack Obama speech because the purpose of the speech is to announce the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. The evidence is that most utterances in the transcipt use statements, descriptions, and reports.   

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