scholarly journals Growth and Anatomical Alterations in Leaves of Popcorn Induced by Abiotic Stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Claudia B. Trevizan ◽  
Hélida M. Magalhães ◽  
Silvia G. H. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Mass

Stress by salt and aluminum (Al+3) causes significant loss in the growth of popcorn. Effects on the initial growth, especially of leaves and stomata, are poorly investigated, while no information is available for some cultivars. This work aims at verifying the effect of stress caused by salt and Al+3 on the initial growth, morphometry, and morphology of popcorn stomata (IAC-125), as well as on its foliar anatomy. In the presence of 50 mM or higher concentrations of NaCl, popcorn seedlings showed a reduction of 50% in shoot mass gains as compared to the control. With 150 mM or higher concentrations, mass gains reduced by 33% in popcorn root system as compared to the control. Small increases in shoot length were observed in seedlings treated with Al+3.The root system was highly affected by 160 µM or higher Al+3 concentrations. Pore opening and stomatal subsidiary cell width were altered under both salt and Al+3 stress. Stomatal density changes were observed only under salt stress. Tissue disruptions and cell numberreductions were verified in the epidermis and parenchyma under high Al+3 and saltconcentrations. The largest xylem and phloem cells were preserved in all treatments. Stress resulted in dehydration of plant tissues, which showed retraction under high concentrations of salt and Al+3due to anatomical changes in the leaves and morphometry of the stomata. Our results demonstrated that these characteristics contributed to a remarkable tolerance to salinity and aluminum, since they have an important protective role against different environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Using Commercial Strains of Trichoderma spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Franciely Magalhães Barroso ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa Muniz ◽  
Mariany Dalila Milan ◽  
Wanderson Silva dos Santos ◽  
Natália Cássia de Faria Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shoot Mass

The growth of plants by the use of Trichoderma occurs through distinct mechanisms, among which it can highlight the synthesis of phytohormones and auxins analogues. The objective of this work was to evaluate Trichoderma spp. commercial strains in the promoting seedlings growth and in the productivity of parsley plants. In laboratory assay, seeds of parsley cv. ‘Graúda Portuguesa’ were treated with 2 mL of Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 ml-1 conidia per 100 g of seeds) submitted to growth test until 28 days after sowing (DAS). For the greenhouse experiment, parsley seedlings were transplanted into 3.0 L pots containing soil, which was previously treated with 5 mL Trichoderma suspension, totaling 1.5 × 108 conidia per pot. In both, a control without Trichoderma application was included, being arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL = RL + SL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM = FRM + FSM), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (BIO = RDM + SDM), root mass ratio (RMR = RDM/BIO), shoot mass ratio (SMR = SDM/BIO), aerial part/root system retio (AP/RS = SDM/RDM) and productivity at 110 DAS. Althougth no diferences was observed among the Trichoderma treatments and the control about yield, Trichoderma spp. strains provided better TFM (18.98 to 22.92 mg), BIO (3.37 to 4.31 mg) and root system superior to the control (14.20 and 2.44 mg, respectively) under greenhouse conditions. T. harzianum ESALQ1306 was the better strain in laboratory assyas, suggsting this isolate for applied in the seeds when it aims the promotion of initial growth.

Month of harvest and yield components of tea tree. II. Oil concentration, composition, and yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Murtagh ◽  
GR Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Changes in the concentration, composition, and yield of oil in coppice growth of tea tree (Melaleuca alternzfolia) were assessed when plants were harvested in different months. Oil concentrations in leaves were lower when plants were harvested in July-September than in other months, but biomass yields were higher. Consequently, there was no consistent effect of harvest month on oil yield. Oil yield varied as much between the same month in different years, as between months within a year. The oil concentration in one harvest was positively related to the biomass yield at the previous harvest of the same plants, suggesting that a carryover of energy reserves contributed to oil production. The oil concentration was also positively related to the mean air temperatures over the 3 months before harvest. The proportion of the economically significant compounds in oil, terpinen-4-01 and 1,8-cineole, was not affected by either the month of harvest or regrowth cycle, but other compounds did change. There was a significant loss of monoterpene olefins from oil which was present at high concentrations.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2, an Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Isolated from Argentine Cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh M. B. Harris ◽  
Elisa C. Ale ◽  
Jorge A. Reinheimer ◽  
Ana G. Binetti ◽  
Paul W. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
High Concentrations

Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2, an Argentine cheese isolate, can produce high concentrations of exopolysaccharides (EPS). These EPS were shown to improve the texture and rheology of yogurt, as well as to play a protective role in mice exposed to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Saulo Cabral Gondim ◽  
Fernando Luiz Figueiredo ◽  
Ícaro Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
The One ◽  
Shoot Mass

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA   Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Geocleber Gomes de Sousa2; Saulo Cabral Gondim3; Fernando Luiz Figueiredo1; Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante4; Adriana Araujo Diniz51Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB,  [email protected] 2Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Ceará, Fortaleza, CE3Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PBUniversidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI5Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB  1 RESUMO             O trabalho foi realizado, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006, em ambiente protegido do CCA/UFPB – Campus II, Areia, PB, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o crescimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivado em diferentes substratos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com três repetições e 12 unidades experimentais por parcela, arranjados num fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação ( 0,4; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1 ) e dois substratos, sendo um mais arenoso (Solo Neossolo Regolítico) e o outro mais argiloso, constituído por uma mistura do Neossolo Regolítico (50% ) mais Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico (50%). O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação elevou expressivamente o caráter salino dos substratos, refletindo-se na redução do crescimento pelo diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, produção de biomassa das raízes e parte aérea das plantas em ambos os casos, porém com maior intensidade no substrato constituído pela mistura de parte iguais dos solos Neossolo Regolítco e Nitossolo Vermelho. UNITERMOS: Salinidade, irrigação, Passiflora edulis, condutividade elétrica  CAVALCANTE, L. F.; SOUSA, G. G. de; GONDIM, S. C.; FIGUEIREDO, F. L.; CAVALCANTE, Í. H. L.; DINIZ, A. A. INITIAL GROWTH OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT CROPED IN TWO SUBSTRATS MANAGED WITH SALINE WATER IN TWO SUBSTRATES  2 ABSTRACT                                    This study was carried out, during  the period of October /2006 to December /2006, in green house conditions from Agrarian Sciences Center , Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on initial growth of yellow passion plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were distributed in a randomized blocks experimental design with three repetitions and 12 experimental units per parcel, in a factorial arrangement 5 x 2, referring to electrical conductivity of irrigation water levels (0.4; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 e 4.0 dS m-1) and two substrates, being a sandy (Entisol) and a clay, composed by a mixture of Entisol (50%) and Eutrophic Red Nitosol (50%). The increasing of irrigation water salinity expressively enhanced the saline index of the substrate, reflecting in a plant growth reduction related to stem diameter, leaf area, root mass production and shoot mass production of both substrates, but more expressive for the one with equal parts of Entisol and Red Nitosol. KEYWORDS: Salinity, irrigation, Passiflora edulis, electric conductivity

Metolachlor and Alachlor Effects on Membrane Permeability and Lipid Synthesis

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Mellis ◽  
Parthan Pillai ◽  
Donald E. Davis ◽  
Bryan Truelove
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Cotton Root ◽  
High Concentrations

Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 1 × 10−5and 1 × 10−4M increased the leakage of previously absorbed,32P-labeled orthophosphate from the roots of onion (Allium cepaL.), a susceptible species, by 14 and 41 times the control values, respectively. A significant amount of32P leaked from the roots of the moderately susceptible species, cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘DPL 61′) and cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Ashley′), whereas no significant loss of32P occurred from two tolerant species, soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg′] and corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3369A′). At either 1 × 10−7or 1 × 10−6M, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) prevented32P leakage from onion roots in the presence of 1 × 10−5M metolachlor. High concentrations of NA [0.1% (w/v) suspensions], however, promoted32P leakage and did not protect onion roots from the leakage induced by high concentrations (1 × 10−4M) of metolachlor. Neither metolachlor nor alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], at 1 × 10−4M, inhibited the uptake of acetate-2-14C or malonic acid-2-14C into excised cotton root tips or the incorporation of the precursors into lipids. Similarly, neither herbicide inhibited phospholipid synthesis by cotton root tips. Incorporation of14C-choline chloride into phosphatidylcholine was not significantly inhibited by metolachlor.

scholarly journals Competition between related strains of nodule bacteria and its influence on infection of the legume host

1941 ◽  
Vol 130 (858) ◽  
pp. 32-59 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root System ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Different Strains

The work deals with the behaviour of mixed strains of nodule bacteria towards each other and towards their legume host. It introduces the concept of dominance in competition between strains. This dominance is independent of degree of effectiveness as regards nitrogen fixation. Where tow strains of nodule bacteria are both present in the surroundings of their host's root system, active competition between them may cause the strain having the higher initial growth rate almost completely to check multiplication of the other strain outside the plant. This dominant strain will then be responsible for nearly all the nodules. In peas and soy beans, where growth of the root sysytem is rapid and of comparatively short duration, the nodule-producing capacity of the plant may be partially or wholly satisfied by the nodules produced within the first few weeks, so that further infection, whether by the same or by a different strain, is checked or inhibited. In clover, whose root system continues to grow over a long period, the first-formed nodules do not stop further nodules from being formed either by the same or by a different strain. There are large differences in the rates of appearance and final numbers of nodules produced by different strains supplied in pure culture, particularly with clover. The relative numbers of nodules produced by the two strains simultaneously applied to the roots is conditioned by the specific infectivity peculiar to each strain, unless some other factor, such as competition outside the plant, masks this effect.

scholarly journals Activated Expression of an Arabidopsis HD-START Protein Confers Drought Tolerance with Improved Root System and Reduced Stomatal Density

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Hong ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Stomatal Density

The unique stability of the marsupial sperm acrosomal membranes examined by unprotected freeze-thawing and treatment with the detergent Triton X-100

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sistina ◽  
M Lin ◽  
KE Mate ◽  
ES Robinson ◽  
JC Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Plasma Membrane Vesicles ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Unique Stability

In this study of the unique stability of the marsupial acrosome, experiments were carried out on the acrosomes of spermatozoa of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Light microscopy showed that 4% of opossum and 15% of possum and wallaby spermatozoa lost their acrosomes after freeze-thawing. Electron microscopy revealed that freeze-thawing also induced changes in the acrosomal matrix of some acrosome intact spermatozoa. In both possum and wallaby, freeze-thawing increased the number of spermatozoa with vesiculation of the acrosomal matrix. Freeze-thawing disrupted the plasma membrane of spermatozoa but the acrosomal membranes remained intact. Immediately on addition of high concentrations of TX-100 (0.02% and 0.04%) there was significant loss of acrosomes and motility in possum and wallaby spermatozoa. Lower concentrations of TX-100 (< or = 0.01%) did not affect motility for up to 30 min in all three species, and there was no significant loss of acrosomes. Although loss of acrosomes did not occur under mild detergent treatment, 56% of wallaby and 70% of possum spermatozoa had altered acrosomes after 30 min in 0.01% TX-100. Electron microscopy revealed that acrosomes were undergoing a vesiculation process similar to that seen after freeze-thawing. Often the plasma membrane of detergent-treated spermatozoa was disrupted and had formed plasma membrane vesicles. However, the acrosomal membranes remained intact despite major changes to the acrosomal matrix. The study confirmed the remarkable stability of the marsupial acrosome and suggested that this is probably based in the acrosomal membranes.

scholarly journals Effects of different rootstocks on the morphologic parameters of watermelon grafts during transplant production

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Horváth ◽  
M. Takácsné Hájos
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Stock Selection ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
The Right

Before Hungary joined the EU watermelon production was a key sector of the Hungarian vegetable industry. Its production area shrank by nearly 60 % since 2004, it is only 5000 ha today. Stable and reliable market failed to evolve in the last years and extreme weather events occurred more frequently. An unfavourable growing season can notably affect the production volume of the next season. Information gathered in the last years support the assumption, that suitable stocks can help eliminate the issues caused by extreme weather or short-term crop rotation. Choosing the right grafted or non-grafted transplant is not enough any more, growers also have to select stock. In fruit and vine production choosing the stock, which is the most suitable for the technology is evident and this approach should be widely adapted by watermelon growers as well. In this research we investigated the growth parameters of different watermelon stocks and their effect on the scion during the transplant production. Measurements were carried out on seven different stock-scion combinations of the scion ’Topgun F1’ hybrid. Two of the stocks were interspecific (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) and five stocks were Lagenaria-type (Lagenaria siceraria) stocks. We made and recorded observations of the transplants’ length (cm), diameter of the stock and scion (mm), number of leaves (piece), root length (cm), root mass (g) and shoot mass (g). We concluded that early pricking out of transplants with interspecific stocks is successful due to their hardiness and vigorous growth. The effect of the ’Shintosa camelforce F1’ interspecific stock was outstanding. Furthermore, the results confirmed the practical observation that the root system of interspecific stocks grow vertically more allowing them to take up water and nutrients from lower soil layers in poor sandy soils. From the Lagenaria group the root system of the ’DG-01 F1’ was similar to the interspecific stocks’. It can be grown even in sandy soil, however other Lagenaria-type stocks are more suitable for production in hard soils with nutrient supply because of their compact root system. This study can serve as a basis for further research in the topic that can conduce to site- and technology-specific stock selection.

scholarly journals Growth Dynamics following Planting of Cultivars of Juniperus chinensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana', and `Hetzii') 1, 2, and 3 years after planting from 1l-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system expanded quadratically, whereas mean branch spread increased linearly. Three years after planting, root spread was 2.75 times branch spread, and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant for each cultivar during the 3 years following planting. Root length density increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. During the first 2 years after planting, shoot mass increased faster than root mass. In the 3rd year, the root system increased in mass at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight. Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk cross-sectional area, branch spread, and crown area.

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