scholarly journals Growth Dynamics following Planting of Cultivars of Juniperus chinensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana', and `Hetzii') 1, 2, and 3 years after planting from 1l-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system expanded quadratically, whereas mean branch spread increased linearly. Three years after planting, root spread was 2.75 times branch spread, and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant for each cultivar during the 3 years following planting. Root length density increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. During the first 2 years after planting, shoot mass increased faster than root mass. In the 3rd year, the root system increased in mass at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight. Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk cross-sectional area, branch spread, and crown area.

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF CHINESE JUNIPER DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS AFTER PLANTING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064e-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.) Var. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana' and `Hetzii' 1, 2 and 3 years after planting into a simulated landscape from 10-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system increased quadratically averaging 1, 2 m/year; whereas, mean branch spread increased at 0, 33 m/year, Three years after planting, root spread was 2, 75 times branch spread and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant (71-77%) during the first 3 years following planting. Root length density per unit area increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. In the first 2 years after planting shoot weight increased faster than root `weight. However, during the third year after planting, the root system increased in mass and size at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight within root-diameter classes, Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk area, branch spread and crown area.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE PLANTS

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-391
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Júlio Cesar Lima Neves ◽  
Edmilson Marques Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE PLANTS     MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; JÚLIO CÉSAR LIMA NEVES4; EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 E FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI6   1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha, Rodovia Salinas – Taiobeiras, Km 2, 39560-00, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570.900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Universidade de Uberaba, Av. Nenê Sabino, n° 1801, 38055-500, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Bahia Farm Show, Av. Ahylon Macedo, n° 919, 97810-035, Barreiras, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   Increasing the development and deepening of the root system in coffee crops ensures higher water and nutrient uptakes as a result of improved soil utilization, ultimately leading to greater crop yields and longevity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels on the root system of drip-irrigated coffee plants in western Bahia State (BA), Brazil. The experiment was carried out on Café do Rio Branco farm, located in Barreiras - BA, using adult plants (approximately 3.5 years old) of coffee variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with three treatments corresponding to the irrigation depths of 75, 100 and 150% as determined using Irriplus software. After the fourth harvest, the coffee root system was assessed to determine root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) in different sampled layers. A greater concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) was observed in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and under the lateral line (at 30 and 70 cm from the orthotropic branch). The irrigation depth of 75% provided the highest concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) in the 0-10 cm layer.   Keywords: Drip irrigation, Coffea arabica L, root system.     VICENTE, M.R.; MANTOVANI, E.C.; FERNANDES, A.L.T.; NEVES, J.C.L.; FIGUEREDO, E.M.; DELAZARI, F.T EFEITO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RADICULAR DO CAFEEIRO     2 RESUMO   Um maior desenvolvimento e aprofundamento do sistema radicular garante ao cafezal um aumento da absorção de água e nutrientes devido a maior exploração do solo, com isto maior produtividade e longevidade da lavoura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre o sistema radicular do cafeeiro irrigado por gotejamento na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos, aproximadamente 3,5 anos de idade, da variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. O experimento ocorreu no delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto de 3 tratamentos, correspondentes à 75, 100 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. Após a quarta safra, procedeu-se às avaliações do sistema radicular do cafeeiro, onde foi determinada a densidade de comprimento radicular - DCR e a densidade radicular – DR em diferentes camadas amostradas. Observou-se maior concentração de raízes, DCR e DR, na camada superficial (0-20 cm) e sob a linha lateral (30 e 70 cm de distância do ramo ortotrópico). A lâmina de irrigação correspondente a 75% proporcionou maior concentração de raízes (DCR e DR) na camada de 0 a 10 cm.   Palavras - chaves: Irrigação localizada, Coffea arábica L, sistema radicular

Root length density and soil water distribution in drip-irrigated olive orchards in Argentina under arid conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Searles ◽  
Diego A. Saravia ◽  
M. Cecilia Rousseaux
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Drip Line ◽  
North West ◽  
Intensively Managed

Several studies have evaluated many above-ground aspects of olive production, but essential root system characteristics have been little examined. The objective of our study was to evaluate root length density (RLD) and root distribution relative to soil water content in three commercial orchards (north-west Argentina). Depending on the orchard, the different drip emitter arrangements included either: (1) emitters spaced continuously at 1-m intervals along the drip line (CE-4; 4 emitters per tree); (2) 4 emitters per tree spaced at 1-m intervals, but with a space of 2 m between emitters of neighbouring trees (E-4); or (3) 2 emitters per tree with 4 m between emitters of neighbouring trees (E-2). All of the orchards included either var. Manzanilla fina or Manzanilla reina trees (5–8 years old) growing in sandy soils, although the specific characteristics of each orchard differed. Root length density values (2.5–3.5 cm/cm3) in the upper soil depth (0–0.5 m) were fairly uniform along the drip line in the continuous emitter (CE-4) orchard. In contrast, roots were more concentrated in the E-4 and E-2 orchards, in some cases with maximum RLD values of up to 7 cm/cm3. Approximately 70% of the root system was located in the upper 0.5 m of soil depth, and most of the roots were within 0.5 m of the drip line. For each of the three orchards, significant linear relationships between soil water content and RLD were detected based on 42 sampling positions that included various distances from the trunk and soil depths. Values of RLD averaged over the entire rooting zone and total tree root length per leaf area for the three orchards were estimated to range from 0.19 to 0.48 cm/cm3 and from 1.8 to 3.5 km/m2, respectively. These results should reduce the uncertainty associated with the magnitude of RLD values under drip irrigation as intensively managed olive orchards continue to expand in established and new growing regions.

scholarly journals Analysis on root system morphology using a root length density model. I. The model.

1988 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya SUGA ◽  
Keisuke NEMOTO ◽  
Jun ABE ◽  
Shigenori MORITA
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Density Model

scholarly journals Spacial distribution of fertigated coffee root system

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
Edmilson Marques Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT The development of coffee plant root system changes when subjected to drip irrigation and fertigation. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of fertigation on the development of coffee root system by drip irrigation in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out with Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 coffee plants, of about 3.5 years of age, in the “Café do Rio Branco” farm, located in Barreiras - BA, and consisted of a complete randomized blocks design with 3 replicates. Treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (900/800, 600/500 and 300/250 kg ha-1 year-1 N and K2O), weekly distributed, by means of fertigation, throughout the process. After the fourth harvest, coffee root system was evaluated, and root length density (RLD) and root density (RD) were determined at different sampled layers. The highest root concentration, root length density (RLD), and root density (RD) were observed in the superficial layers of soil (0-20 cm), and under the dripline (30 and 70 cm from the orthotropic branch). Results showed that the lower the N and K2O levels, the higher was the development (RLD and RD) of the coffee root system.

scholarly journals Roots With Larger Specific Root Length and C: N Ratio Sustain More Complex Nematode Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingru Zhang ◽  
Zhengkun Hu ◽  
Chongzhe Zhang ◽  
Yiheng Tao ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Nematode Diversity

Abstract Aims Roots bridge above and belowground systems, and play a pivotal role in structuring root-associated organisms via influencing food resources and habitat conditions. Most studies focused on the relationships between plant identity and root-associated organisms, however, little is known about how root traits affect nematode communities within the rhizosphere. Methods We investigated the relationships between root traits of four plant species and nematode diversity, community structure and trophic complexity in an ex-arable field. Results While the relative abundance of herbivorous nematodes was negatively associated with specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), root length density (RLD) and root C: N ratio, free-living nematodes were positively affected by these traits, implying a multifaceted effect of root traits on root-associated organisms. Importantly, we found that finer root systems promoted the complexity of the nematode community, by increasing the relative abundance of high trophic-level nematodes (i.e., omnivores and predators) and enhancing nematode diversity. Conclusion Our findings suggest that root traits could be reliable indicators of soil community structure and interactions, and provide new insights into soil biodiversity and functional maintenance.

scholarly journals Source-sink manipulations in Coffea arabica L. and its effect on growth of shoots and root system

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Carlos Maurício Paglis ◽  
Darlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
Suellen Sarah Drumond Linhares ◽  
Frederico Biagi Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Fruit Load

This paper investigated changes in growth and carbohydrate content of shoots and root systems in response to source-sink manipulation in field-grown coffee trees. The source-sink manipulations were carried out using manual de-fruiting. Two plots of trees were established: in one group, the fruit was left on the tree, while in the second group all fruits were removed manually. Similar results were obtained for coffee trees with and without fruit in terms of height, stem and skirt diameter and branch lengths. A biochemical evaluation of the roots showed that no differences were found between the levels of carbohydrates. In the leaves, levels of soluble sugars and reducing sugars were higher in plants with fruit. The starch concentration in leaves and roots did not vary between the plots. Root length density did not vary between plants with and without fruit in the 0 - 0.4 m soil layer. However, plants without fruit had a higher root length density than plants with a full fruit load. These results contrast with results published by others on source-sink relationships of coffee plants. The joint data analysis shows that young trees, with a moderate fruit load, and with good nutritional and health status, produce carbohydrates in sufficient quantities to maintain vegetative and reproductive growth, without harming root system growth.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought Adaptive Mechanism on Root and Root Associated Trait of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
S. R. Sahana ◽  
B. Mohanraju ◽  
K. R. Rekha ◽  
H. R. Raveendra ◽  
C. R. Nagesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Matter Production

Roots play a vital role in plants for a wide variety of processes, including nutrient and water uptake, anchoring and mechanical support. Some phenomenal literature supports several root characters which have relevance for stress adaptation. Root characteristics such as root length density, rooting depth and root distribution have been established as constituting factors of drought resistance. Under drought situation, roots can adapt to continued growth while at the same time, sending signals to shoot that exhibit growth an above ground parts of the plant. Development of plants with deep roots may in fact stimulate photosynthetic yields as these are considered to be more controlled by the carbon sinks of plants. In this context a field experiment was conducted during Kharif -2014 in the Department of Crop Physiology, to know the effect and variations in mutants of Rice for root and root associated traits along with growth and productivity besides a few relevant drought adaptive traits. The result revealed that, the root length ranged from 24.46 cm to 38.00 cm with a mean of 32.40 cm, while wild Type recorded 32.33 cm. Similarly, the root volume and root weight recorded 21.67cc to 65cc with a mean 35.51cc and 4 g to as high as 34.30 g with a mean of 17.13g when compared to Wild Type (27.92 cc and 18.49g respectively). The total dry matter production ranged from 16.39 g-1plant to 92.12 g-1plant with a mean of 52.73 g-1 plant while, the Wild type had a total dry matter production of 55.12 g-1plant. Mutants shows significant variations in root length, root volume, root weight and total dry matter production as compared to wild type and also observe the significant variation among the mutant. These mutants with higher growth character associated with root traits are potential mutant lines for further crop improvement programme.

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