Blueberry Propagation by Minicuttings in Response to Substrates and Indolebutyric Acid Application Methods

The nursery plants supply is one of the most important factors that limites blueberries production in some areas, due to some propagation difficulties observed on this species. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate substrates and IBA application methods on ‘Powderblue’ blueberries (Vaccinium ashei) minicuttings rooting, as well as to verify the rooting development in different periods. The study was divided in two experiments. The first one aimed to evaluate ‘Powderblue’ blueberry minicuttings rooting in three substrates (pine bark, carbonized rice husk and vermiculite) in response to two indolebutyric acid (IBA) application methods: 50% alcohol solution and talc. The second experiment aimed to evaluate ‘Powderblue’ blueberry minicuttings rooting using the best substrate recorded in the first trial (pine bark) and two IBA application methods associated to three periods of rooting access, in order to obtain the ideal rooting period and root development. In the first experiment the rooting percentage presented significant difference among the substrates; the higher percentage of rooted minicuttings occurred in pine bark substrate (68%). Regarding the methods used to IBA application, the talc method was more efficient to promote minicuttings rooting. In the second experiment, it was observed an increase in cutting rooting percentage from 55 to 84%, according to the evaluated seasons; however, the IBA application method did not influence the rooting percentage. Therefore, to produce ‘Powderblue’ blueberry plants from minicuttings it is recommended to use pine bark as substrate and talc as method to IBA application, transplanting the nurseries at 110 days after planting.

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Acclimatization and growth of ornamental pineapple seedlings under organic substrates

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v23i3.1040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽

Vanessa Favetta ◽

Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽

Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽

Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Ideal

The in vitro propagation techniques are commonly used to produce ornamental pineapple seedlings in commercial scale, aiming to attend the growers with genetic and sanitary quality seedlings. However, the choice of the ideal substrate is essential for the acclimatization and growth stage of the seedlings propagated by this technique, since some substrates can increase the seedling mortality and/or limit the seedling growth due to its physical and chemical characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acclimatization of ornamental pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. var. ananassoides (Baker) Coppens & Leal] on different substrates. Seedlings with approximately seven centimeters, obtained from in vitro culture, were transplanted into styrofoam trays filled with the following substrates: sphagnum; semi-composed pine bark; carbonized rice husk; sphagnum + semicomposed pine bark; sphagnum + carbonized rice husk; and semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk. Each treatment was replicated five times using 10 plants. At 180 days, there were evaluated the following variables: survival percentage, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, largest root length, and shoot and root dry matter. The substrate semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk presented the lowest mean (62%) for survival percentage. The semi-composed pine bark and semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk treatments presented significant increments in some evaluated biometric characteristics. The semi-composed pine bark is the most favorable substrate for the A. comosus var. ananassoids acclimatization.

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Available Water and Root Development Within the Micropores of Pine Bark Particles

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-5.2.89 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

F.A. Pokorny

Keyword(s):

Root Development ◽

Pore Space ◽

Adsorbed Water ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Vaccinium Ashei ◽

Exterior Surface ◽

Available Water ◽

Coleus Blumei ◽

Water Saturated ◽

Internal Pore

Internal pore space, root development, and available water within pine bark particles were studied. Internal porosity constituted about 43% of a pine bark particle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that roots of Coleus blumei and Vaccinium ashei were attached to the exterior surface of pine bark particles and had invaded the micropores. Growth of Raphanus sativus seedlings in water-saturated bark pieces demonstrated that internally adsorbed water was utilized provided that root development occurred within the bark particle.

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Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500053911 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 412-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Douglas D. Buhler

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Weed Control ◽

The Other ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Application Method ◽

Control Growth ◽

Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

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Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-1-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. P. Damicone ◽

K. E. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Wide Band ◽

Yield Response ◽

Application Method ◽

Sclerotinia Blight ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Application Methods ◽

Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

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Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae promotes the early development of peanut root

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/49/2016-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Liu Shao-Fang ◽

Wang Guang-Jun ◽

Nong Xiang-Qun ◽

Liu Bin ◽

Wang Miao-Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Root Development ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Root Number ◽

Gradual Decline ◽

Significant Difference

The benefit of the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae to early root development was evaluated. Two inoculating methods, conidia-suspension-drenching (T1) and conidia-coating (T2), were used when sowing peanut. The results showed that taproot length and lateral root number in T1 significantly increased compared to the control (T0) in days 4–10 after treatment, whereas no significant difference was found between T2 and T0. The fungal density by T1 and T2 fluctuated in the first 8 days, followed by a gradual decline. The ratio of the taproot length or lateral root number in T1 and T0 was significant relative to the fungal persistence. It suggested that M. anisopliae promotes peanut root development and should be considered as important factor in plant protection besides pest controls.

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Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Anthocyanins Content, Antioxidant Activity, Sensorial Acceptance and Stability of Jussara (Euterpe edulis) Juice

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10102246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2246

Author(s):

Andressa Alves de Oliveira ◽

Alexandre Guedes Torres ◽

Daniel Perrone ◽

Mariana Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Sensory Acceptance ◽

High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing ◽

Euterpe Edulis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

The Ideal

Jussara (Euterpe edulis) fruit is a strong candidate for exportation due to its high content of anthocyanins. However, its rapid perishability impairs its potential for further economic exploration, highlighting the relevance of producing ready-to-drink juices by applying innovative processing, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). The effect of HHP (200, 350, and 500 MPa for 5, 7.5, and 10 min) on anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity (AA) by FRAP and TEAC assays, and the most effective HHP condition on overall sensory acceptance and stability of jussara juice, were investigated. While mild pressurization (200 MPa for 5 min) retained anthocyanins and AA, 82% of anthocyanins content and 46% of TEAC values were lost at the most extreme pressurization condition (500 MPa for 10 min). The addition of 12.5% sucrose was the ideal for jussara juice consumer acceptance. No significant difference was observed for overall sensory acceptance scores of unprocessed (6.7) and HHP-processed juices (6.8), both juices being well-accepted. However, pressurization was ineffective in promoting the retention of anthocyanins and AA in jussara juice stored at refrigeration temperature for 60 days, probably due to enzymatic browning.

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Dimethenamid Persistence and Leaching Potential in a Soilless Mix1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-35.3.99 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 99-102

Author(s):

Lori Robertson ◽

Jeffrey F. Derr

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Combination Product ◽

Field Soil ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Soilless Media ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nursery Production ◽

The Impact ◽

Irrigation Volume

Abstract Dimethenamid and the granular combination product pendimethalin plus dimethenamid are herbicides registered for use in nursery production and landscape maintenance. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the effectiveness of sprayed dimethenamid and the granular combination of pendimethalin plus dimethenamid in container nursery production, (2) to determine the impact of formulation on leaching of dimethenamid in soilless media versus field soil and (3) to determine the influence of irrigation volume on herbicide leaching. Dimethenamid is less mobile in pine bark than field soil, while pendimethalin is more mobile in pine bark. The leaching profile for the granular pendimethalin plus dimethenamid combination product was similar to dimethenamid in field soil and similar to pendimethalin in pine bark. There was no significant difference in herbicide movement in pine bark or field soil after doubling the irrigation volume from 17.8 cm (7 in) to 35.6 cm (14 in). Compared to pendimethalin, dimethenamid leaches less in pine bark, explaining its greater effectiveness for weed control in container production. Index words: Herbicide leaching, soilless mix, pine bark, ornamentals, adsorption. Species used in this study: southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.]; spotted spurge [Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small]. Chemicals used in this study: dimethenamid (Tower); dimethenamid plus pendimethalin (FreeHand); pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G).

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Effect of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) planted on BRIS soil

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57

Author(s):

Mohd Fauzie Jusoh Jusoh ◽

Lai Jai Xin ◽

Ch'ng Huck Ywih ◽

Palsan Sannasi Abdullah ◽

Noraida Mohd Radzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Wood Vinegar ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Rice Husk Biochar ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Problematic Soil

Beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil is identified as one of Malaysia's problematic soil since this type of soil contains a plethora portion of sand texture that contributes to water and nutrient leaching causes infertile soil. A polybag trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf. The plant was arranged in a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replications. The factors taken for the experiment were four different media compositions, i.e., T1(control), T2(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar, WV), T3(BRIS soil amended with rice husk biochar, RHB) and T4(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar and rice husk biochar, WV+RHB). Rice husk biochar and a combination of wood vinegar with rice husk biochar significantly improved soil properties in terms of soil moisture content, organic matter, water retention and soil porosity, as well as significantly increased the kenaf stem diameter. However, there was no significant difference in plant height, number of leaves, leaves area and chlorophyll content on different treatments medium. In conclusion, the application of rice husk biochar and wood vinegar in this study enhanced BRIS soil properties and showed a positive effect on the growth of immature kenaf.

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The clinical efficacy of three application methods of local anesthesia in percutaneous vertebroplasty: A retrospective single-center cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49055/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xinjie Liang ◽

Weiyang Zhong ◽

Tianji Huang ◽

Xiaoji Luo

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthesia ◽

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty ◽

Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Cement Injection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Intraoperative Pain ◽

Application Methods ◽

Group B

Abstract Background: Although various studies have described the methods of anaesthesia in percutaneous vertebroplasty(PV) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), there is still no consensus on the optimal treatment regimen.The study aims to investigate the efficacy of three application methods of local anesthesia in PV treating OVCFs.Methods：A total of 96 patients of OVCFs were reviewed and divided into three groups(A: lidocaine, B: ropivacaine, C: lidocaine+ropivacaine). The visual analog scale(VAS), blood pressure(BP), heart rate(HR), blood oxygen saturation(BOS), surgery time were recorded at the points of before puncture, puncture, cement injection, and after surgery.Results: The mean age of the patients was 74.13±7.02 years in group A, 70.47±5.50 years in group B, and 73.07±7.51 years respectively without significant difference. No significant differences were found in the sex, age, hospital stay, surgery time, blood loss, and cement volume. During the period of before surgery and 4-hour after surgery, the VAS in group C decreased significantly at the period of puncture, cement injection, immediately after surgery. Overall, the systolic BP, diastolic BP, HR, BOS during the different period among the groups, there were no significant differences except the HR in the period of the puncture in group C was slower than that in other groups and HR in the period of cement injection in the group A was faster than other two groups. A correlation was observed between the VAS and the period of cement injection(r=0.5358), after surgery(r=0.5775) in group C.Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of the lidocaine in combination with ropivacaine could relieve the effective intraoperative pain in PV treating OVCFs patients which is reliable and safe.

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Sodium reduction in butter using microparticulated salt

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-02-2019-0113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 874-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniela da Costa de Oliveira ◽

Amanda Cristina Cristina Andrade ◽

Jéssica Guimarães ◽

Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Mariana Mirelle Pereira Natividade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Intake ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Salt Content ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Sodium Reduction ◽

Salt Reduction ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liquid Products ◽

The Ideal

Purpose Excessive sodium intake is associated with several diseases. Accordingly, several measures, including microparticulate salt, have been adopted to reduce the salt contents of food products. However, no studies have reported the effectiveness of microparticulate salt in semisolid and liquid products. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the application of microparticulate salt to reduce sodium contents in semisolid products. Design/methodology/approach The optimal salt content to be added in butter was defined by the just-about-right-scale test. Butter samples were prepared using microparticulate salt to achieve 25, 50 and 75 per cent reductions in conventional salt concentrations. Multiple comparison tests were performed to evaluate sample taste. Findings The ideal concentration of conventional salt to be added to butter was 2.16 per cent. Discriminative tests showed that samples with 25 and 75 per cent salt reduction showed significant differences (p ⩽ 0.05) compared with butter prepared at the ideal salt content, whereas the sample with 50 per cent salt reduction had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Thus, microparticulate salt showed higher salting power than conventional salt. These results indicated the effectiveness of microparticulate salt in the preparation of semisolid products with sodium reduction. Research limitations/implications More detailed studies about the reduced-sodium butter shelf life are necessary to verify the microparticulate salt application in the product preparation. Moreover, microparticulate salt application in semisolid and liquid products elaboration must be more investigated to better elucidate its practicability of reducing sodium content in these kinds of products. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications Microparticulate salt has been successfully applied to reduce sodium in solid products, being added to the finished product surface. However, there are no studies that report its effectiveness in semisolid and liquid products, such as the butter, in which the salt is added during the product preparation. Thus, this research provides new scientific information to the food industry and research fields, to expand the knowledge of reduced-sodium products development using microparticulate salt with sensory quality. Originality/value No studies have evaluated the application of microparticulate salt for semisolid product preparation. Therefore, the findings will support the development of healthy products.

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