scholarly journals Effect of Seasons on Enteric Methane Emissions from Cattle Grazing Urochloa brizantha

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. A. A. Demarchi ◽  
M. Q. Manella ◽  
O. Primavesi ◽  
R. T. S. Frighetto ◽  
L. A. Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasons under a tropical climate on forage quality, as well the effect of an <em>Urochloa brizantha </em>cv. Marandu grazing system on enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from Nellore cattle in the Southeast region of Brazil. Sixteen Nellore steers (18 months old and initial weight 318.0 ± 116.59 kg of LW; final weight 469 ± 98.50 kg of LW) were used for a trial period of 10 months, with four collection periods in winter (August), spring (December), summer (February) and autumn (May). Each collection period consisted of 28 days, corresponding to the representative month of each season where the last six days were designed for methane data collection. Animals were randomly distributed within 16 experimental plots, distributed in four random blocks over four trial periods. CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were determined using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) tracer gas technique measured by gas chromatography and fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> calculated. The forage quality was characterized by higher CP and IVDMD and lower lignin contents in spring, differing specially from winter forage. Average CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were between 102.49 and 220.91 g d<sup>-1</sup> (37.4 to 80.6 kg ani<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>); 16.89 and 30.20 g kg<sup>-1</sup> DMI; 1.35 and 2.90 Mcal ani<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; 0.18 and 0.57 g kg<sup>-1</sup> ADG<sup>-1</sup> and 5.05 and 8.76% of GE. Emissions in terms of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents were between 4.68 and 14.22 g CO<sub>2</sub>-eq<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> ADG. Variations in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were related to seasonal effect on the forage quality and variations in dry matter intake.</p>

Performance, nutrient use, and methanogenesis of Nellore cattle on a continuous grazing system of Urochloa brizantha and fed supplement types varying on protein and energy sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 104716
Author(s):  
Adriana C. Ferrari ◽  
Rhaony G. Leite ◽  
Natália V.B. Fonseca ◽  
Eliéder P. Romanzini ◽  
Abmael da S. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sources ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

scholarly journals PSXII-17 Trace minerals source influences the performance of Nellore cattle in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 445-446
Author(s):  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Josiane F Lage ◽  
Igor Ferreira ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract The relative bioavailability of trace minerals may vary between the sources and impact the animal performance. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of TM source (Cu and Zn) on the liver concentration and performance of Nellore cattle supplemented in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season. A hundred and twenty Nellore young bulls (BW = 349.72 ± 24 kg; 24 months), blocked by BW, were assigned randomly to twelve paddocks (six paddocks/treatment and 10 animals/paddock). Animals grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and supplemented at 5 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn and mineral mix (250 g/kg of CP and 650 g/kg de NDT, natural matter basis). Supplements consisted of 40 mg Cu and 148 mg Zn/kg DM from either inorganic TM (ITM) or hydroxy TM (HTM) Intellibond® sources. Liver samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study (three animals per paddock). Animals were weighed at each period (30 days) during three periods. Period was used as a REPEATED measurement for BW and values of initial BW as independent covariates for all variables. Paddock was considered experimental unit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. The animals supplemented with HTM had higher (+0.037 kg/day) general ADG (day 0 to 90; P = 0.012), with 0.469 and 0.506 kg/day to ITM and HTM, respectively. Final BW (day 90) from animals fed HTM was 5.13 kg higher than ITM (391.97 vs. 397.11 kg BW; P = 0.030). No differences were found in the liver concentrations of Cu and Zn between ITM or HTM (P ≥ 0.288). Cu and Zn from HTM improve the performance of animals supplemented in pasture compared to ITM sources.

scholarly journals Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lee ◽  
Aaron P. Davis ◽  
Mizeck G. G. Chagunda ◽  
Pete Manning
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Enteric Methane

Abstract. Livestock numbers are increasing to supply the growing demand for meat-rich diets. The sustainability of this trend has been questioned, and future environmental changes, such as climate change, may cause some regions to become less suitable for livestock. Livestock and wild herbivores are strongly dependent on the nutritional chemistry of forage plants. Nutrition is positively linked to weight gains, milk production and reproductive success, and nutrition is also a key determinant of enteric methane production. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the effects of growing conditions on forage quality by compiling published measurements of grass nutritive value and combining these data with climatic, edaphic and management information. We found that forage nutritive value was reduced at higher temperatures and increased by nitrogen fertiliser addition, likely driven by a combination of changes to species identity and changes to physiology and phenology. These relationships were combined with multiple published empirical models to estimate forage- and temperature-driven changes to cattle enteric methane production. This suggested a previously undescribed positive climate change feedback, where elevated temperatures reduce grass nutritive value and correspondingly may increase methane production by 0.9 % with a 1 °C temperature rise and 4.5 % with a 5 °C rise (model average), thus creating an additional climate forcing effect. Future methane production increases are expected to be largest in parts of North America, central and eastern Europe and Asia, with the geographical extent of hotspots increasing under a high emissions scenario. These estimates require refinement and a greater knowledge of the abundance, size, feeding regime and location of cattle, and the representation of heat stress should be included in future modelling work. However, our results indicate that the cultivation of more nutritious forage plants and reduced livestock farming in warming regions may reduce this additional source of pastoral greenhouse gas emissions.

Peripheral androgen levels in the male brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
G. M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Initial Blood ◽  
Androgen Levels

ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassays were established for the measurement of total androgens and the specific measurement of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone in peripheral plasma of the brush-tail possum. Androgen concentrations were measured in blood collected from indwelling jugular cannulae (i) to determine whether the normal pattern of androgen secretion in this species was episodic and (ii) to attempt to relate total androgen and the pattern of testosterone secretion to the changes previously reported in prostatic, but not epididymal, weight in the breeding season. Blood was collected from restrained animals at varying time-intervals during daylight hours and darkness. Despite an apparent good adaptation to the sampling procedure there was generally a progressive decline in plasma androgen level during the collection period. This was true for animals bled during or out of the breeding season. There was no significant seasonal effect on the androgen concentration in the initial blood sample. When less restraint was used, two of three animals showed fluctuations in androgen levels over the 7-h sampling period. Testosterone levels in blood obtained by cardiac puncture were four- to nine-fold higher than those of 5α-dihydrotestosterone but levels of these androgens in samples obtained during the breeding season were not significantly different from those obtained out of season. The results do not argue for a pulsatile release of testosterone in the possum but do demonstrate a marked capacity for changes in the peripheral androgen concentration. There was a poor correlation between testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels and prostatic weight. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 63–70

Effect of grazing system on fetal development in Nellore cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.C.M Bergamaschi ◽  
W.R.R Vicente ◽  
R.T Barbosa ◽  
J.A Marques ◽  
A.R Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Nellore Cattle

scholarly journals Body weight components of Nellore steers finished in tropical pastures

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39005
Author(s):  
Vitor Visitin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Experimental Group

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of supplementation on body weight components of Nellore cattle grazing in Urochloa brizantha. Twenty-four steers with initial body weight (BW) of 371 ± 14 kg and average age of 26 months were used. Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as a reference and the others were distributed in 4 treatments [0.0% (mineral salt), 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% supplement BW]. The slaughter of the experimental group was performed when the animals reached 450 kg and the body weight components were weighed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The increase in supplementation level reduced (p < 0.05) pasture dry matter intake, but did not influence (p > 0.05) on empty body weight (EBW) (380.3 kg) and cold carcass weight (CCW) (247.5 kg). The weights of skin, liver, rumen and fat were not influenced (p > 0.05) by supplementation level. The animals gained, on average, 75.3 kg EBW and 50.7 kg CCW, but the treatments did not influence (p > 0.05) the gains of body weight components. The increasing of energetic-protein supplement level for Nellore steers in Urochloa brizantha pasture does not affect carcass and non-carcass components. 

scholarly journals Validation of the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique for measurement of methane and carbon dioxide production by cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boadi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
A. D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production from six crossbred yearling beef heifers (400 ± 13.0 kg) were measured, using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique (Tracer) and open-circuit hood calorimetry (Cal) to validate the former in estimating rumen CH4 and CO2 production in the field. Animals were individually fed a diet consisting of 50% barley concentrate and 50% alfalfa cubes at 1.3 &times ;maintenance requirements daily. Hifers were divided into two groups for individual animal 24- h gas measurements by each method. Each group of heifers was rotated between the Cal and Tracer techniques for 6 consecutive days in an incomplete block design. Methane production ranged from 108 to 145 L d-1 (mean 130 ± 4.0 L d-1) using the Cal technique, and 90 to 167 L d-1 (mean 137 ± 4.0 L d-1) using the Tracer technique. The mean CH4 production (L d-1) was not different (P = 0.24) between the two methods. Carbon dioxide production with the Tracer technique was 20% higher than CO2 production with the Cal technique (P < 0.01). The range of CO2 production was 1574 to 2049 L d-1 (mean 1892 ± 74.0 L d-1) by Cal, and 1541 to 3330 L d-1 (mean 2353 ± 74.0 L d-1) by Tracer. Day-to-day variation in CH4 production was not different within each method (P > 0.05); however, animal-to-animal variation (11.7%) was significant for the Tracer technique (P = 0.04), but not for the Cal technique (P = 0.53). Comparison of the equality of variance between the two methods showed that there were no differences in variations (P > 0.05) between Cal and Tracer for CH4 production. On the other hand, variations in CO2 production were not equal (P > 0.05) between methods. Day-to-day variation in CO2 production was significant using Cal, but not Tracer (P > 0.05). Animal-to-animal variation in CO2 production was 1.6 and 11.8% by Cal and Tracer techniques, respectively. It can be concluded that the SF6 tracer technique accurately estimated rumen CH4 production, but CO2 production was 20% higher. The study suggests that for CH4 measurements using the SF6 tracer technique, more animal numbers are needed than for Cal to reduce animal-to-animal variation. Key words: Methane, carbon dioxide, SF6 tracer technique, validation, cattle

scholarly journals Feed efficiency and enteric methane production of Nellore cattle in the feedlot and on pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Oliveira ◽  
A. C. Ruggieri ◽  
R. H. Branco ◽  
O. L. Cota ◽  
R. C. Canesin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Nellore Cattle

The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) evaluated in a feedlot-performance test and on pasture, and to determine the effect of feedlot RFI classification on enteric methane (CH4) production in the feedlot and on pasture. Seventy-three animals (25 with a low RFI, 24 with a medium RFI and 24 with a high RFI) classified in a feedlot performance test were subjected to performance testing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Enteric CH4 was measured in a sample of these animals (n = 47, with high and low RFI) by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer-gas technique after the feedlot-performance test and during the performance test on pasture. In the feedlot-performance test, dry-matter intake (DMI) of low-RFI animals was 9.4% and 19.7% lower (P < 0.05) than that of medium- and high-RFI animals respectively. However, there was no difference in DMI and, consequently, in RFI on pasture among animals classified as low, medium and high RFI. Accordingly, there is evidence of re-ranking of animals for RFI performance tested in the feedlot after weaning and, subsequently, on pasture. During the period of enteric CH4 measurement in the feedlot and on pasture, the DMI, neutral detergent-fibre intake and gross-energy intake of low-RFI animals were lower than those of high-RFI animals, and low-RFI animals exhibited greater DM and neutral detergent fibre digestibility only in the feedlot. Enteric CH4 production did not differ between low- and high-RFI animals either in the feedlot (101 and 107 g CH4/day) or on pasture (101 and 95.9 g CH4/day). A significant difference in CH4 yield (CH4/kg DMI) was observed on pasture between animals with low and high RFI (17.6 and 13.7 g CH4/kg DMI respectively). The results did not support the hypothesis that an increase in feed efficiency, evaluated in growing animals in feedlot-performance tests, decreases enteric CH4 production (g/day) proportionally to the lower DMI.

Methane production by steers on pasture

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
K. Wittenberg ◽  
D. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Stocking Rates

In order to determine the quantity of methane (CH4) produced by steers on pasture, 16 steers with a mean weight of 356 ± 25 kg were randomly selected from a larger group of cattle (n = 48) to evaluate the effects of grazing management and monensin controlled release capsule (CRC) administration on ruminal CH4 production using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer-gas technique. Pasture management treatments consisted of two grazing systems (continuous stocking or 10-paddock rotational stocking) at each of two stocking rates (low, 1.1 steer ha−1 or high, 2.2 steers ha−1) with two replications of each pasture treatment. Half of the animals on each pasture treatment were administered a monensin CRC delivering 270 mg d−1, and untreated animals served as controls. During the 140-d grazing season, one steer from each treatment-replicate combination was sampled to determine daily intake and CH4 production on four occasions. The chemical composition of diets differed between grazing management treatments and sampling periods. Voluntary intake and CH4 production, adjusted for differences in body weight, were unaffected by grazing management, sampling period or by monensin CRC administration and averaged 0.69 ± 0.1 L kg BW−1 d−1 across all grazing management treatments. The energy lost through eructation of CH4 averaged 4.5 ± 1.4% of gross energy intake. Key words: Methane, cattle, environment, digestion efficiency, pasture, forage

The effect of forage quality on predicted enteric methane production from dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizeck G. G. Chagunda ◽  
Jennifer F. Flockhart ◽  
David J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Enteric Methane
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