Ethnobotanical Uses of Non-cultivated Edible Fruit Species in the Department of Oussouye (South Senegal)

Forests are an immense reservoir of biological resources and provide the local population with subsistence needs, especially for edible fruits. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the use modes of non-cultivate edible plant species in the area of Kasa, traditional name for the department of Oussouye. Ethnobotanical surveys, based on an interview guide, oral discussions and direct observations were conducted among 178 people from the department of Oussouye, stronghold of the Diola ethnic group. A factorial correspondence analysis highlighted the relationship between species and categories of use. The frequency of citation, informant consensus factor and use value showed the socio-cultural importance of the species. The data collected identified 62 edible species divided into 31 families and 54 genera. The fruit species inventoried are used for different purposes. They are a food source with 62% of citations, energetic 19%, technological 14%, medicinal 13%, cultural 6% and agronomic 2% for the populations. Two species stand out for their high use value factor (UVt). These were Elaeis guineensis (12.24) and Borassus aethiopum (7.56). In addition to their use value, species such as Mangifera indica, Neocarya macrophylla, Parkia biglobosa, Anacardium occidentale, Ceiba pentandra, Parinari excelsa, stood out for their categories and organs used. These results inform us about the level of use of fruit species for different needs and open up avenues for research in sustainable management of this resource with the aim of reducing poverty.

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Streptococcus pyogenes Infective Endocarditis – Association with Injection Drug Use: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab240 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie T Rebechi ◽

Emily L Heil ◽

Paul M Luethy ◽

Sarah A Schmalzle

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Local Population ◽

Case Series ◽

Duke Criteria ◽

Group A ◽

Polymicrobial Bacteremia ◽

Predominantly Female ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Strep (GAS), is not considered a typical cause of infective endocarditis (IE), but has anecdotally been observed in unexpectedly high rates in people who inject drugs (PWID) at our institution. Methods All cases of possible or definite GAS IE per Modified Duke Criteria in adults at an academic hospital between 11/15/2015 and 11/15/2020 were identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes related to GAS IE. Literature on cases of GAS IE was reviewed. Results 18 cases of probable (11) or definite (7) GAS IE were identified; mean age was 38 years, and the population was predominantly female (56%) and Caucasian (67%), which is inconsistent with local population demographics. Sixteen cases were in people who inject drugs (PWID) (89%), 14 were also homeless, six were also living with HIV (33%), and two were also pregnant. Antibiotic regimens were variable due to polymicrobial bacteremia (39%). One patient underwent surgical valve replacement. Four patients (22%) died due to complications of infection. Literature review revealed 42 adult cases of GAS IE, only 17 of which were in PWID (24%). Conclusions The 16 cases of possible and definite GAS IE in PWID over a five-year period in a single institution reported nearly doubles the number of cases in PWID from all previous reports. This suggests a potential increase in GAS IE particularly in PWID and PLWH, which warrants further epidemiologic investigation.

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Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat untuk perawatan rambut oleh Suku Dayak Kantuk di Desa Seluan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat

BIOMA Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.26877/bioma.v10i2.9019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 228-247

Author(s):

Marsiana Liliyanti ◽

Yeni Mariani ◽

Fathul Yusro

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Use Value ◽

Fidelity Level ◽

Importance Value ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Family Importance Value

Tumbuhan obat saat ini masih dipergunakan untuk perawatan tubuh, diantaranya untuk rambut. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan beragam jenis tumbuhan obat untuk perawatan rambut oleh suku Dayak Kantuk di Desa Seluan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey melalui wawancara terhadap masyarakat suku Dayak Kantuk di Desa Seluan. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden 146 orang. Sebanyak 15 jenis tumbuhan obat dimanfaatkan oleh suku Dayak Kantuk. Penggunaan bagian tumbuhan tertinggi adalah buah (46,67%) dengan cara pengolahan ditumbuk (50%), cara penggunaan dioles (93,33%), dan bentuk ramuan tunggal (73,33%). Jenis tanaman dengan nilai penggunaan (use value, UV) tertinggi yaitu lidah buaya (Aloe vera) (0,28), sedangkan family importance value (FIV) tertinggi yaitu Arecaceae (28,37). Nilai informants concensus factor (ICF) tertinggi terdapat pada kategori mengatasi rambut bercabang (1,00). Nilai fidelity level (FL) tertinggi (100%) pada kategori penggunaan menghitamkan rambut dengan jenis tanaman yaitu pepaya (Carica papaya), menyuburkan rambut yaitu seledri (Apium graveolens), melembutkan rambut yaitu sawit (Elaeis guineensis) dan bunga kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosasinensis), menghilangkan ketombe yaitu daun pare (Momordica charantia), jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan mengkudu (M. citrifolia), mengatasi rambut berkutu yaitu akar tuba (Paraderris elliptica), dan mengatasi rambut bercabang yaitu daun bambu (Bambusa vulgaris). Penggunaan beragam jenis tumbuhan obat oleh suku Dayak Kantuk untuk perawatan rambut menambah pengetahuan tumbuhan obat masyarakat di Kalimantan Barat. Kata kunci: Dayak Kantuk; perawatan rambut; tumbuhan obat ABSTRACTThe utilization of medicinal plants for hair care by Dayak Kantuk Tribe in Seluan Village Kapuas Hulu District. Haircare is one of the body treatments that still use the medicinal plants. The purpose of the study was to analyze the use of various medicinal plants for haircare by the Dayak Kantuk tribe in Seluan Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This present study uses a survey method through interviews with the Dayak Kantuk people in Seluan Village (146 respondents and selected using the purposive sampling technique). The Dayak Kantuk people in Seluan village use 15 medicinal plants for their haircare. The highest use of plant parts was fruit (46.67%) with crushed in the processing method (50%), the administration method was topically (93.33%), and the potions are mainly a single ingredient (73.33%). The plant with the highest use value (UV) was Aloe vera (0.28), while the highest family importance value (FIV) was Arecaceae (28.37). The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) was in the haircare treatment category of ameliorating split ends (1,00). There are six haircare treatment categories with the highest fidelity level (FL) (100%) and plant used, namely: maintaining black hair (Carica papaya), hair nourishing (Apium graveolens), hair softener (Elaeis guineensis and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), dandruff elimination (Momordica charantia, Citrus aurantifolia, and Morinda citrifolia), hair lice elimination (Paraderris elliptica), and ameliorating split end (Bambusa vulgaris). The use of various species of medicinal plants by the Dayak Kantuk tribe for haircare adds to the knowledge of medicinal plants in West Kalimantan. Keywords: Dayak Kantuk; haircare; medicinal plants

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Kretzschmaria cetrarioides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20073009088 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

D. W. Minter

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Manilkara Zapota ◽

Macadamia Integrifolia ◽

Dead Branch

Abstract A description is provided for Kretzschmaria cetrarioides, a fungus with no known disease reported. Some information on its diagnostic features, biology and conservation status is given, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (Angola, Benin, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Mexico, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Venezuela, China (Hainan), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia (Queensland), Cuba, and Trinidad and Tobago) and hosts (Achras zapota [Manilkara zapota] (dead branch); Cynometra hankei; Elaeis guineensis; Hevea brasiliensis (trunk), Hevea sp. (dying tree); Macadamia integrifolia (root); Mangifera indica (fallen branch); Peltophorum adnatum (wood); Plantae indet. (trunk, wood); Pterocarpus soyauxii; Raphia vinifera (trunk); Scorodophloeus zenkeri; and Theobroma cacao (stump)).

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Waterborne diseases classification and relationship with social-environmental factors in Florianópolis city – Southern Brazil

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2015.266 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 340-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Cesa ◽

G. Fongaro ◽

C. R. M. Barardi

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Local Population ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Water Tank ◽

Waterborne Diseases ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Population Type ◽

Group A ◽

Social Environmental

This study aimed to investigate and classify the occurrence of waterborne diseases in Florianópolis city, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil and to correlate these diseases with the following social-environmental indicators of the local population: type of water supply, adequate collection and sewage treatment, areas of flooding and domestic water tank cleaning. Reports of outpatients were analyzed for surveillance of waterborne diseases during the period of 2002 to 2009. Waterborne diseases were classified into four groups: Group A: diarrheal diseases; Group B: parasitological diseases; Group C: skin diseases and Group D: eye diseases. The diarrheal, parasitological and skin diseases were the most frequently reported. Waterborne diseases belonging to Group A in all sites were correlated with other waterborne diseases groups, which can be an indicator of the circulation of other waterborne diseases. Regarding the social-environmental indicators assessed, the most correlated with waterborne diseases were the origin and quality of the water supply, followed by inadequate collection and treatment of sewage, frequent flooding, and finally the lack of cleanliness of the water reservoir. The results highlight the need for policies aiming for improvement of the sanitation service in the maintenance of human, animal and environmental health.

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Weaver-Birds’ crop-Raiding Behavior in Buea municipality, Southwest Region, Cameroon

10.53902/gsres.2020.01.000501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melle Ekane Maurice

Keyword(s):

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Crop Raiding ◽

Crop Species ◽

Entire Study ◽

Rainy Weather ◽

Cloudy Weather ◽

Raiding Behavior

The entire surface of the earth is visited by the birds in view of their aerial flights and variable habitats in search of suitable breeding and feeding grounds. Flight, intelligence, adaptability and sight are some of the attributes that add to the diversity in the life of birds, consequently there is complexity in their overall behavioral pattern. The key objective of this study was to assess the weaver-bird crop-raiding activity in Buea municipality on different environmental parameters. The study was undertaken for three months, six days in a week, from 7:00am to 6:00pm. Scan observations were made on birds’ activity on a five-minute interval period across the entire study area. Simultaneously, data was collected on the environmental conditions. The study recorded a significant association between weaver-bird activity on crop-land, X2 = 11.653 df=14, P < 0.005 and X2 = 3.441 df=4, P<0.05 respectively. There was weaver-bird activity frequency of 51.63%, 45.35%, and 3.02% for Ploceus luteolus, Ploceus cuculatus, and Ploceus melanocephalus respectively. Moreover, a week association between bird activity and weather, X2 = 3.125 df=3, P<0.05 was recorded. The sunny and cloudy weather conditions recorded 53.26%, and 42.09% respectively, while the windy and rainy weather conditions were significantly low (3.26%). An association was recored between atmospheric conditions and weaver-birds’ activity on crops, X2 = 23.249 df=21, P<0.05. In addition, the most destroyed farms were Elaeis guineensis (32.33%), Saccharum officinarum (19.77%), Zea mays (17.44%), and Mangifera indica (15.58%) respectively, and the scale of destruction was very prominent on the foliage used by the birds for nest-building. Maize crops and oil-palms were among the crop species most subjected to destruction by birds. These crops were observed with poor foliage formation and fruits, consequently they withered, and since the local farming population in this municipality predominantly cultivates these crops most, a heavy toll is often taken on the annual farmers’ income.

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Use of Medicinal Plants for Respiratory Diseases in Bahawalpur, Pakistan

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5578914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sadia Afzal ◽

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad ◽

Abdul Jabbar ◽

Mahmoud M. Tolba ◽

Sameh AbouZid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Local Community ◽

Local Population ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Use Value ◽

Importance Value ◽

Indigenous Plants ◽

Antibiotic Drug ◽

First Time

The most common ethnomedicinal plants being effective in respiratory disorders were studied for the first time in Bahawalpur District. The herbal medication represents a low-cost treatment for the local community. There is a need for documenting the traditional uses of plants for further investigation of bioactive compounds. Using a qualitative approach, the ethnobotanical data was collected from the district of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from February 2018 to February 2020 through semistructured interviews with the local people and traditional healers. The quantitative analysis included use value, informant consensus factor, family importance value, and relative frequency citation. A total of 20 indigenous plants belonging to 17 families were documented from 185 informants. These plants were claimed to be used for the treatment of 10 respiratory ailments. The plant habit, part of the plant used, and mode of preparation were standardized for authentication. The herbs are the most used life form (55%), while trees and shrubs are also used. Leaves dominate with high use value (47.62%) followed by fruit, stem, flower, and other parts of plants. For the preparation of traditional remedies, decoction (76.19%) and extract (71.43%) are common preparation methods. However, other methods of paste infusion, powder juice, and ash are used to a lower extent. The plants with higher use value are Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acacia arabica, and Mentha piperita; these have significant potential therapeutic activity for respiratory disease. The ethnomedicinal importance of plants against respiratory diseases used by the local population (traditional healers) is the commercial availability of the herbal product. It is a first-time study in this area to fill the gap between traditional practices and synthetic medicine to screen out the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of plants that have a highly futuristic use value to develop antibiotic drug with least side effects by using sustainable methods.

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Stalne muzejske postavke: od alternativne učionice do turističke atrakcije: uporedna analiza posete postavkama Narodnog muzeja Valjevo u periodima 1951–1961. i 2001–2011.

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology ◽

10.21301/eap.v11i3.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 913

Author(s):

Vladimir Krivošejev ◽

Željko Bjeljac

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Local Population ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Museum Visitors ◽

Group A ◽

Main Portion ◽

Museum Programs

The purpose of this paper is to fully observe the differences in the structure of the audiences attending permanent museum collections and to point to museums’ present day tasks. While the introductory part examines the problematic concerning museum audiences and the varieties of museum programs, the main portion of the paper presents the results of an analysis of the numbers and the structure of museum visitors in two periods set half a century apart: 1951–1961 and 2001– 2011, with a control group: a more complete analysis of 2013’s visitors. The analysis of attendance during the fifties and the beginning of the 21st century was conducted on the basis of existing physical materials from the museum’s internal archive, while the control analysis of 2013 attendance was conducted by a search of an electronic database. The research pointed to significant differences in the structure of the visitor body in different periods, whether they were concerning the company arriving (individuals or organized groups), or their residence (in or out of town). In the 1950s, town residents were the dominating visitors. They were frequenting the museum of their own accord, in their leisure time, as per their own wishes and needs, led by the desire to have a cultural experience and an informal self-education. Half a century later, with a broad spectrum of new media offering pastimes that were unavailable before, the audience was dominated by organized groups arriving from out of town; predominantly students on excursions. These differences indicate that there was a big shift in the function of permanent museum collections in the last fifty years. Their role as permanent educators of local population has significantly diminished, but their role as a leading tourist attraction has inflated nonetheless.

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A contribution to ethnobotany and review of phytochemistry and biological activities of the Iranian local endemic species Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f.

Ethnobotany Research and Applications ◽

10.32859/era.20.45.1-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Toktam Mohammadi ◽

Atefeh Pirani ◽

Jamil Vaezi ◽

Hamid Moazzeni

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Local People ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Plant Parts ◽

East Of Iran ◽

Local Endemic ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses

Background: Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f. is endemic to the South Khorassan province in east of Iran. Although S. leptoclada has been widely used as medicinal and edible plant by indigenous people, its ethnobotanical uses have not been well documented yet. This study presents the results of an ethnobotanical survey and reviews phytochemistry and biological activities of S. leptoclada. Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted in Birjand and adjacent areas between March 2018 and December 2019. During this survey, 58 local people were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The ethnobotanical data were analyzed by using indices Fidelity Level (FL) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). In addition, the available scientific literatures were reviewed to avail the information on phytochemistry and biological activities of Sclerorhachis leptoclada. Results: The present study revealed the folklore uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada for different purposes such as increasing lactation, blood purification, treating digestive disorders, headache, body pains, herpes, and cold. The literature review showed that a total of 57 compounds have been isolated from S. leptoclada. Conclusions: Variety of ethnomedicinal uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada highlights its notable pharmacological potential. However, further tests on its bioactivity, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action are needed to ensure a safe use. The limited distribution of the plant and excessive harvesting of the aerial plant parts necessitate educating local people to conserve populations of this local endemic species. Keywords: Asteraceae, ethnobotany, Iran, medicinal plants, Sclerorhachis

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Wild edible plants in Ethiopia: a review on their potential to combat food insecurity

Afrika Focus ◽

10.1163/2031356x-02402006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 71-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ermias Lulekal ◽

Zemede Asfaw ◽

Ensermu Kelbessa ◽

Patrick Van Damme

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Potential Role ◽

Food Sources ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Edible Species

This work reviews literature on ethnobotanical knowledge of wild edible plants and their potential role in combating food insecurity in Ethiopia. Information on a total of 413 wild edible plants belonging to 224 genera and 77 families was compiled in this review. Shrubs represented 31% of species followed by trees (30%), herbs (29°/o) and climbers (9%). Families Fabaceae (35 species), Tiliaceae (20) and Capparidaceae (19) were found to be represented by the highest number of edible species. About 56% (233) of species have edibility reports from more than one community in Ethiopia. Fruits were reported as the commonly utilized edible part in 51% of species. It was found that studies on wild edible plants of Ethiopia cover only about 5% of the country’s districts which indicates the need for more ethnobotanical research addressing all districts. Although there have been some attempts to conduct nutritional analyses of wild edible plants, available results were found to be insignificant when compared to the wild edible plant wealth of the country. Results also show that wild edible plants of Ethiopia are used as supplementary, seasonal or survival food sources in many cultural groups, and hence play a role in combating food insecurity. The presence of anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting the wild plant wealth of the country calls for immediate action so as to effectively document, produce a development plan and utilize the plants.

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Assessment of the Diversity of Medico-Magic Knowledge on Four Herbaceous Species in Benin

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/6650704 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Hubert Olivier Dossou-Yovo ◽

Valentin Kindomihou ◽

Fifanou Gbèlidji Vodouhè ◽

Brice Sinsin

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Plant Species ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phyllanthus Amarus ◽

Use Value ◽

Herbaceous Species ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Scoparia Dulcis ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses

Background. Ethnobotanical knowledge on four herbaceous species, Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass., Momordica charantia L., Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., and Scoparia dulcis L., in Benin was investigated. Methods. Herbal medicine traders in six different markets were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The linear regression test was performed to check for the influence of respondent’s age on ethnobotanical uses they hold. Relative frequency citation, fidelity level, use value, and Rahman similarity index were calculated to assess the diversity of medico-magic knowledge. The Informant Consensus Factor is not applicable in this study since we are dealing neither with the diversity of medicinal plants used by a community of people nor with a great number of plant species used for medicinal purposes, nor the diversity of plant species used in the treatment of a specific or group of ailments. Results. The respondent's age did not influence the ethnobotanical uses they hold on the species. All thirty-six informants surveyed traded Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Momordica charantia L., and Scoparia dulcis L., and the majority traded Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. The respondent's age does not influence the diversity of ethnobotanical uses they hold on the study species. Purchase in traders’ own markets was the predominant source of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Momordica charantia L., and Scoparia dulcis L. while Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. was mostly purchased in other more distant markets. A noticeable proportion of traders also collect Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. and Momordica charantia L. from wild populations. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. was the species most demanded by customers followed by Momordica charantia L. Traders confirmed the scarcity of all species in recent years and climate change and destruction of natural habitats for logging were the most cited causes. The entire plant of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. was used mainly to treat malaria, diabetes, and constipation, and decoction with oral administration was the most frequent preparation for malaria treatment. To treat diabetes, informants mixed Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. with Momordica charantia L. used as a decoction with oral administration. Momordica charantia L. was also used to treat measles and chicken pox. Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. and Scoparia dulcis L. were mostly used for their spiritual use for luck, predominantly by chewing fresh leaves or flowers, and by bathing with the ground plant mixed with soap, respectively. Overall, Momordica charantia L. had the greatest use value followed by Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. The majority of traders do not plant the species. Conclusions. The harvesting and trade of the species threaten their natural populations and urgent tools, including in situ and ex situ conservation, are needed to ensure their long-term sustainable exploitation.

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