Dependency, Exploitation and Poverty among the Labourers of the Fishing Community

The fishing community is mainly dependent on the harvest of fisheries resources to meet their social and economic needs. More than two million people in Sri Lanka are directly or indirectly dependent on the exploitation of fisheries resources. The wage labourers who are engaged in fishing are severely impacted by poverty even though they make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. With regard to this, this study focused on how dependency and exploitation have shaped the life of the poor wage labourers in the fishing community, based on Andre Gunder Frank’s Dependency theory. Most of the labourers in the fishing community suffer a poor living standard. They are badly exploited by some other actors operating in their working environment. The investors (Mudhalalis) and intermediaries are the people who exploit the labour of the poor fishermen and turn them into dependent people through loans provided by them. Poverty, inadequate housing, poor health, illness and treatment, education of children, inadequate infrastructural facilities, and family problems including domestic violence were found to be the causes of dependency and exploitation of the fishing community. These issues need to be addressed to enhance standard of living of the fishing community.

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Implementasi Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pemberdayaan Mustahiq Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Lumajang

JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) ◽

10.30736/jesa.v4i2.64 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Indra Hidayatullah

Keyword(s):

Social Inequality ◽

Vertical Dimension ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

System Utilization ◽

The Poor ◽

The People ◽

Majority Population

Zakat can be utilized for productive efforts in the context of handling the poor and improving the quality of the people. Along with Allah’s commands to Muslims to pay zakat, zakat is one of the pillars of Islam which is not only of a vertical dimension, but also horizontal aspect. Zakat is an important worship in anticipating social inequality in its implementation. It is still largely traditional and does not pay attention to the welfare of the people, in fact the development of muslims is the majority population of this nation and it has a huge potential to be used as a source of funds from zakat. The result of research shows that utilization of productive zakat in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is to make people stand alone so that they can improve their standard of living and so as not to always depend on zakat funds. Mustah}iq empowerment in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Lumajang Regency is by running a productive zakat system for business capital assistance for the mustah}iq and consumptive zakat system. Utilization of productive zakat funds is one of the processes carried out by the Lumajang National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) to make the mustah}iq be independent so that they can improve their standard of living and become muzakki> as has become the vision of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Regency Lumajang. The form of zakat fund utilization towards mustah}iq empowerment at the National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is divided into two empowerments, namely consumptive and productive empowerment. Consumptive empowerment is the provision of funds that can be directly consumed by mustah}iq. While productive is the provision of capital in increasing business. Both in the form of funds and gifts in the form of work tools. The most effective thing in empowering the mustah}iq is empowering by using productive zakat funds which have benefited a lot of mustah}iq. Empowerment of zakat funds in relation is to convey part of the assets owned to a group called eight asnaf, namely the poor, poor, ‘a>mil or administrators of zakat, muallaf, riqa>b (slaves), gha>rimi>n, fi> sabi>lilla>h and Ibn Sabi>l. Keywords: Implementation, Utilization, Productive zakat, Mustah}iq

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A Daughter to ELSI – NILSI: A Northern Ireland Standard of Living Index or Problematising Wealth in the Analysis of Inequality and Material Well-being

Social Policy and Society ◽

10.1017/s1474746406003356 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 81-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paddy Hillyard ◽

Demi Patsios ◽

Fiona Sevllion

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Well Being ◽

Living Standards ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Living Standard ◽

The Poor ◽

Standard Index ◽

The Uk ◽

Socially Excluded ◽

Measurement Of Inequality

When the measurement of inequality is being considered in Ireland and the UK the poor and socially excluded are routinely the focus of debate. Building on methodology developed in New Zealand this paper outlines the development of a more wide ranging approach through the construction of a Northern Ireland Living Standard Index (NILSI). It then utilises this tool to explore dimensions of inequality in Northern Ireland and present findings on the living standards of different subgroups.

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An Assessment of Poverty Studies in India with Special Reference to Economic Reforms

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v37i4iipp.1081-1102 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (4II) ◽

pp. 1081-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Basanta K. Pradhan ◽

M. R. Saluja

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Economic Reforms ◽

Living Standard ◽

Expert Group ◽

The Poor ◽

Indian Context ◽

The People ◽

Poverty Lines ◽

Basic Minimum

As it is well-known, the study of poverty is extremely important on moral and philosophical and also, political grounds. Further, evidences are available to show that poverty affects growth adversely. We, therefore, have made an attempt to review some of the important studies on poverty in India. The concept of poverty relates to socially perceived deprivation with respect to basic minimum needs. In the Indian context, poverty is measured in terms of a specified normative poverty line reflecting the minimum living standard of the people. Defining a poverty line is, therefore, the first step in estimating poverty. According to the Expert Group (1993), a poverty line, dividing the poor from the non-poor, is used by putting a price on the minimum required consumption levels of food, clothing, shelter, fuel and health care, etc. In equal practice however, the poverty lines are normative only in terms of calorie requirements of the diet.

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Using Fishers Knowledge in Community Based Fisheries Management in the River Nun Estuary, Niger Delta

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.2478/trser-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Sabina Ngodigha ◽

Roland Gbarabe ◽

Ayeibatonworio Augustine

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Management Practices ◽

River Estuary ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Community Based ◽

Fisheries Resources ◽

The People ◽

Resources Conservation ◽

Over Exploitation

Abstract A study of fishers’ knowledge in community based fisheries management practices in the Nun River estuary were conducted to assess the contribution of fishers’ knowledge to fisheries resources conservation. The total number of fishers that operated in the area were 390, and 221 fishers were interviewed based on a minimum of 10 years fishing experience using the socio-ecological approach. The laws introduced are banned on the use of mesh size less than five cm and banned on chemical fishing. Fishers caught using chemicals to fish were arrested and handed over to the police for prosecution. The management method has enhanced conservation of fisheries’ resources, which is a major source of livelihood for the people. It is therefore pertinent to introduce community based laws to check over exploitation of fisheries’ resources in fishing communities in the Niger Delta.

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ROLE OF NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NRLM) ON COST OF LIVING STANDARD OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE COMMUNITIES AT DHEMAJI AND LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

Dr. Diganta Kumar Das

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Primary Data ◽

Living Standard ◽

Cost Of Living ◽

The Poor ◽

The People

Motivation/Background: The financial aspects are considered as an integral part for development of rural areas in every nation. Small financial helps can defiantly improve the living standard of the poor. Here the role of microfinance is crucial. Through microfinance the poor and needy people can fulfil their day to day and small economic and financial requirements upto certain extend. In India it is seen that most of the people lives in the rural areas are below the poverty line and finance to these group is very much essential. Moreover, the vulnerable groups are more deprived of their basics needs particularly the SCs and the STs. Thus, an effort has been made by the researcher to study the pros and cons of NRLM and its impact on economic condition of poor SC people living in the rural areas at Dhemaji and Lakhimpur district of Assam through this paper. Method: For that purpose, both the primary and secondary data have been used. For collecting the primary data, a total number of 140 (7 X 10 X 2=140) respondents from 70 SHGs had randomly selected comprising of 10 SHGs from the seven Development Blocks and from each sample SHGs 2 members were selected. Results and Conclusions: Study revealed that inspite of facing the problems like marketing, transportation, flood and proper management and training of the group, the SHGs are functioning well in terms of improvement of food security and cost of living standard of the SC member’s household in the area under study.

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PAROLE AND PROBATION AS REMEDY FOR NIGERIA’S PRISON CONGESTION PROBLEM

EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review ◽

10.36713/epra5446 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Gbenemene Kpae

Keyword(s):

Justice System ◽

Lower Class ◽

Living Condition ◽

Community Based ◽

Probation And Parole ◽

The Poor ◽

The People ◽

Mental Problems ◽

Criminal Charges ◽

Breeding Place

The Nigeria criminal justice system, particularly the penitentiary has been plaque with a lot of problems especially the issue of overcrowding and the poor living condition of inmates. Majority of the inmates are those awaiting trial, or ATP. The poor condition of the prison makes many prisoners to develop mental problems. Over the years, various reforms have been introduced by Comptroller General of prisons, but these reforms have failed to address the issue of prison congestion. Instead of the prisons to serve their fundamental purpose, which is reformation and rehabilitation of criminal offenders they have become a breeding place for hardened criminals. Many incarcerated offenders become recidivist immediately they are released from prison custody. This paper examines the problem of prison congestion in Nigeria. The Marxian class analysis is used as a theoretical framework to understand Nigeria’s prison congestion problem. Marxist theorists will contend that recidivism is prevalent among the people of lower class than the privileged and affluent class because they do not have the financial resources to secure early release on bail from prison or prosecute any criminal charges leveled against them. It recommends the adoption of community-based corrections such probation and parole as alternative to incarceration as solution to Nigeria’s prison overcrowding. KEYWORDS: Probation, parole, community corrections, prison congestion

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MODEL UNTUK MENILAI KESIAPAN PEMDA “DKI JAKARTA” DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH BERBASIS DUNIA USAHA

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v11i1.816 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Puguh Suharso

Keyword(s):

Data Gathering ◽

Business Environment ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Achievement Level ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

The People ◽

Frame Work ◽

Using Data ◽

Level Of Effort ◽

Research Analysis

Globalisation era is surely passed on and to lead the people of the world into social interactive one another and also economical competitiveness. How far is DKI Jakarta Government preparing to be up against the global competitiveness in the frame-work to manifest improving the standard of living like advanced of society. There are some of indicators to be used as well as criterion to measure an achievement level of effort to be advanced of society, i.e infrastructure which needed by entrepreneur like : permission, taxation, laboract, traffic road, customs and harbor, publics infrastructure servicing, landuse, security condition, business financial access, and business environment condition. It was the research analysis be done by using data gathering from entrepreneur opinion at the operational area. The aim of research analysis is to measure how level of each indicator value has DKI Jakarta Government prepared to be up against the global competitiveness ? The research conclusion says that : DKI Jakarta Government has well enough prepared to be up against the global competitiveness. The weakness indicator is just taxation because its category included in bad (goodless) while the other indicators are well enough. The measuring parameters due to weakness taxationare time necessity for servicing to arrange tax, amount and various of region retribution, amount and various of region tax, and clarity of tax arrangement prucedure.

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