scholarly journals Supporting Individual and Society as One of the Principles of Citizenship Rights in Islamic Republic of Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Shafiei ◽  
Meysam Nematollahi
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Conventions

Citizenship rights is an obvious issue and one must defend the rights of citizens; but at the same time, we must consider the social realities of a society. When one speaks of the rights of citizens in a society, it does not mean to abide it and this right must be respected especially by government officials. To achieve this objective, the emphasis on understanding, implementation, and observance of citizenship rights should become as a culture and the government should do its supportive measures and efforts fairly and accurately so that social anomalies that are rooted in the lack of abiding citizenship rights, do not spread in the society. Therefore, it should be said that citizens, society, and the government are the three vertices if citizenship rights triangle, as the existence of all vertices is necessary. In this article, we discuss the concepts of citizenship rights and evaluate and assess the supporting principles of the individual and society which are considered as the government’s duties. The reason for studying this issue is to find out why to support individual and society rights? Is this support a citizenship right? The aim of this study is to review citizenship rights including socio-political rights, economic rights and social welfare, judicial and cultural rights as well as supporting principles of the individual and society. To do this study, articles, and various books were studied and fundamentals of supporting the individual and society were developed and extracted. This review showed that supporting individual and community are including citizenship rights, and has been emphasized in all laws and international conventions.

The Principle of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Henk Addink
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The term ‘human rights’ has different meanings and is used in many academic subjects. It is used by lawyers and politicians, by philosophers and theologians, and, more generally, by the public. The term is used to denote a broad spectrum of very diverse rights, ranging from the right to life to the right to a cultural identity. They involve all elementary preconditions for an existence worthy of human dignity. These rights are ordered and specified in different ways. Often a distinction is made between civil and political rights on the one hand and economic, social, and cultural rights on the other. Some also add collective rights as a third group. The first group is related to restricting the powers of the state in respect of the individual. The second group often requires governments to intervene actively to create good conditions for human development, such as employment, education, and healthcare. When we speak about the right to good governance we must distinguish between the right as such and the underlying norms which are part of the principles of good governance: properness, transparency, participation, effectiveness, and accountability. This means that the underlying norms of the right to good governance are also related to these five principles. The inclusion of human rights as one of these principles here is to make it more explicit that this is not only a subjective right for the citizens but also an obligation for the government. The right and the obligation are two sides of the same coin.

scholarly journals The concept of human rights in the political and legal doctrine of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries of 1917-1921

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Muzyka I.
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The genesis of rights and freedoms in the history of Ukrainian state-building is closely linked to the activities of Ukrainian political parties and their leaders. Today, in the face of the global economic crisis and the coronavirus epidemic, the concept of human and citizen rights and freedoms is subject to skepticism and criticism. Reassessing the experiences of previous generations can help find ways to overcome a crisis. The concept of the human rights of the UPSR can be characterized as a collectivist, which, in accordance with the idea of prioritizing the interests of the dominant class of workers over the interests of the individual, significantly limited the political and economic rights and freedoms of a large part of the population. At the same time, the concept contained, at the time, quite advanced provisions on equal rights between men and women and national minorities, the provision of equal suffrage, the right to free education and the use of cultural and economic institutions, etc. The concept did not contain a clear division of human rights and citizens into their types. In particular, some economic, social and cultural rights were included in the list of political rights. A significant influence on the formation of the list of rights and freedoms and their content was made by the model of the future socialist Ukrainian state M. Hrushevsky, who was in fact the ideological inspirer of the leadership of the UPSR throughout the party's existence. The basic principles of the concept of human rights of the UPSR were reflected in the Constitution of the UNR in 1918. Keywords: Ukrainian Party of Revolutionary Socialists, Human Rights and Freedoms, M. Hrushevsky, Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), Constitution of the UNR in 1918.

scholarly journals KHOMEINI’S POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS APPROACH OF THE ‘IRANIAN NATION’

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Bogdana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
East Central ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Main Influence

The geographical position of Iran as a transit country between the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, makes the Islamic Republic of Iran a new geostrategic factor with main influence to the future of the Islamic world and international world system. The Welayat-e-Faqih imposes serious changes in the government and society. Renovation of Islamic dogmas and their adaptation to changing conditions of the social-political life is the challenge to the Shiite clergy, who firmly follow the practices established by Imam Khomeini. His revolution carries not only the spirit of the Iranian modernization but also the pathos of social democracy. The “Theo-democratic” government is based on both the Islamic and democratic principles, and it can be said that due to the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini, a unique new project – the national-Iranian project is arguably developed. There are the three aims of this project: the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and national prosperity of the country, intended to protect Muslims and establish Islamic government based on the Shi’ite principles. The Islamic revolution is an important event worldwide. It makes us rethink the current relation religion – politics, giving the first serious notice of taking political power by Islam.

scholarly journals Neglecting Social and Economic Rights Violations in Transitional Justice: Long-Term Effects on Accountability: Empirical Findings from the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Tine Destrooper
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
International Profile

This article builds on theories about the expressive function of law and uses Structural Topic Modelling to examine how the prioritisation of civil and political rights (CPR) issues by the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) has affected the agendas of Cambodian human rights NGOs with an international profile. It asks whether these NGOs’ focus on CPR issues can be traced back to the near-exclusive focus on CPR issues by the court, and whether this has implications for the creation of a “thick” kind of human rights accountability. It argues that, considering the nature of the Khmer Rouge's genocidal policy, it would have been within the mandate and capacity of the court to pay more attention to actions that also constituted violations of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR). The fact that the court did not do this and instead almost completely obscured ESCR rhetorically has triggered a similar blind spot for ESCR issues on the part of human rights NGOs, which could have otherwise played an important role in creating a culture of accountability around this category of human rights. Does this mean that violators of ESCR are more likely to escape prosecution going forward?

Implementing the Socio-economic and Cultural Rights in Nigeria and South Africa: Justiciability of Economic Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-587
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Felix Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights

Constitutionalising socio- economic and cultural rights (SERs) and the directive principles of state policy is an indication that a state is disposed to protect and enforce such rights. The classification of rights into political and economic goes a long way in determining the extent of rights enforcement in a nation. In Nigeria political rights are enforceable while economic rights remain unenforceable, but stand a better chance of enforcing political and economic rights under rights unification as in South Africa. Nonetheless, a state's obligation to protect SERs ultimately rests on the resources available to such a state.

scholarly journals Implementasi Norma Internasional mengenai Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Yunazwardi ◽  
Aulia Nabila
Keyword(s):  
International Norms ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Factor

Indonesia has ratified the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and guarantees freedom of religion or belief (FoR). However, violations of FoR in Indonesia remains occur after 2015. This paper analyses this issue using the concept of norms localization which assumes that the implementation of international norms is the main factor that affects Indonesia’s effort to implement the FoR. There is a gap between international norms, that is Article 18 of the ICCPR and the Indonesia’s positive law regulating FoR. In addition, the characteristics of religious demography and religious behaviour of Indonesian people affect the implementation of FoR. As a result, the implementation of the norms by local actors such as the National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) is diminished. This paper concludes that in implementing the norms the government interprets the social and political context at societal level. The government is oftently forced by certain groups so it could be the potential violator of the FoR regulations that has been agreed upon.

scholarly journals Implementasi Hak Asasi Manusia Sebagai Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara Pada Peraturan Daerah Mengenai Sistem Penyelengaraan Pendidikan Gratis 12 Tahun di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Khususnya Kota Palembang

Solusi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-343
Author(s):  
Silfy Maidianti
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
School Level ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Government

This research is motivated by the development of the city of Palembang local government also pay much attention to the aspect of the fulfillment of human rights education free of charge from elementary, junior high, and high school level. It is the fulfillment of socio-cultural rights of the community which has been regulated in the South Sumatera Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2011 on the implementation of the 12-year free education program and how the implementation of the program's policies is running accordingly and on target. Of the issues to be discussed1. The role of DPRD of Palembang City in Formation and Supervision. Product Regulation Area Free Education Program 12 Years 2. Implementation of the implementation of free education program 12 Years in the field.This research employs the empirical normative method by analyzing, solving and explaining the existing problems by collecting data clarifying and interpreting. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary data. The result of the research can be concluded that in forming a good regulation should be based on the principles of legislation. as well as the control side to what extent the DPRD has implemented effective oversight of the regional heads in implementing the established public policies. To carry out the oversight function, the DPRD in performing its duties is entitled to ask state officials, government officials or citizens to provide information on a matter that needs to be addressed in the interest of the state, nation of government and regional development. In Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2009 jo Perda 16 of 2011 on the implementation of PSG in South Sumatra, it is stipulated that program funds sourced from Provincial APBD are channeled directly to school accounts by provincial / municipal / private government. While funds sourced from APBD districts / cities distributed by the government district / city to each school / madrasah. This PSG fund is used for school operational costs The mechanism for accounting for the allocation of PSG funds in schools should be arranged in order to be balanced. This means that the money out must be in accordance with the entry money as evidenced by the bill of expenditure. Then the note is attached with the letter of accountability (SPJ) reported to the financial department of the education department once every three months. Suggestion that the sharing of funds from districts / municipalities should not be delivered late in the provincial government about the amount of fund sharing and reporting from school to government on the number of students and must be on target until there is no delay in receiving assistance from the province.

scholarly journals EVALUASI SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN (Menelaah Landasan Filosofis Evaluasi Pembelajaran dalam Perspektif Pengembangan Keilmuan di STAIN Kudus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Mas'udi Mas'udi
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

<p>In the process of development, learning system applied at STAIN<br />Kudus is fully geared to the transformation towards the archetypes that have<br />been constituted. In the constitution of science that will be developed, the<br />Islamic perspective on Transformative is the bedrock of scientific development<br />which is formulated.<br />Based on some of the policies that have been formulated by the government,<br />the process of defining the curriculum in an institution is required to have its<br />application into the system that has been set. In this case, the application of<br />curriculum system applied by STAIN Kudus have it’s completely to the provisions<br />of the governance system that has been set.<br />From the formulation of this research can be revealed that the philosophical<br />foundation of evaluation developed at STAIN Kudus designed completely rely<br />upon the Principal Scientific Pattern set. Transformation effort from text to<br />context, the individual to the social, from the theoretical to the practical area<br />became the basis locomotive for STAIN Kudus curriculum development</p>

Promoting Sustainable Goals in Nigeria through the Kaleidoscope of the Social Protection Floor Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-595
Author(s):  
Edith O. Nwosu ◽  
Edwin E. Arum ◽  
Oluchukwu P. Obioma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses

Improving national social protection systems is a major task for all governments. This they can do through an effective implementation of the sustainable goals also called the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main purpose of social protection is to reduce poverty, economic shocks and vulnerability. This article examines the extent Nigeria has gone to in order to promote sustainable goals through the Social Protection Floor Initiative. The article also delves into the justiciability of socio-economic rights in Nigeria and in other jurisdictions like UK, India and South Africa which are commonwealth countries like Nigeria. It further recommends ways by which Nigeria can, through the Social Protection Floor Initiative, fulfil its obligations towards the attainment of the SDGs. A major conclusion of this article is that the Social Protection Floor Initiative is an important means for the government to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and an important aspect of this is ensuring the enforcement of socio-economic rights. Without implementing the Social Protection Floor Initiative, the Sustainable Development Goals mantra will be restricted just to TVs in Nigerian homes without any corresponding impact on the masses.

The Role of the Ombudsman in Relation to the Protection of Citizens' Rights

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Good Government ◽  
General Benefit ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In his book, Taking Rights Seriously, Professor Ronald Dworkin has argued that the institution of rights against the state is justified “because it represents the majority's promise to the minorities that their dignity and equality will be respected.” But he also stressed the difficulty of ensuring that these rights are respected:The institution of rights against the Government is not a gift of God, or an ancient ritual, or a national sport. It is a complex and troublesome practice that makes the Government's job of securing the general benefit more difficult and more expensive, and it would be a frivolous and wrongful practice unless it served some point.Now Dworkin's book is concerned with the problems presented in a democratic system of law and government by a serious commitment to fundamental political rights, such as freedom of speech and the disputed right of civil disobedience; and Dworkin does not directly consider the interest which the individual may have in the maintenance of good government in matters that affect him. One object of this article is to consider whether it is worthwhile seeking to relate the debate about citizen's rights to an assessment of the Ombudsman system. Another aim, since no-one would claim that the Ombudsman should be the sole protector of citizen's rights, is to examine the relationship between the Ombudsman and other agencies for the protection of the citizen in his dealings with the administration. The material to be discussed is drawn from the experience in the U.K. of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, the Parliamentary Ombudsman: but aspects of the discussion may be relevant to the experience of ombudsmen in other countries.

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