scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Zambian Dairy Sector’s Interlocked Contractual Arrangements

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca N. L. Kiwanuka ◽  
Charles Machethe
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Cattle Rearing

<p>Linking smallholder farmers to modern value chains through contract agriculture (CA) is one of the rural development strategies being promoted to address the challenge of smallholders’ integration in markets. However, the conditions under which CA enhances smallholders’ prospects for inclusion in modern value chains is still debatable. This paper examines the determinants of smallholders’ participation in Zambian dairy markets through interlocked contractual arrangements (ICAs). A multi-stage sampling design was used to select 266 households from milk shed areas from three districts in Lusaka and Central provinces of Zambia. A double-hurdle model was estimated from data collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Key determinants of smallholders’ participation in ICAs included ownership of improved breed animals, MCC milk price, access to dairy marketing information, income from other sources and landholding size. While most of these factors also affected the proportion of milk sold, the following were also important: household head education level, cattle rearing culture, extent of supplier’s dependency on buyer and trust in the exchange relationship. To enhance smallholders’ market participation, there is need to facilitate their access to extension services, infrastructure (breeding centres, MCCs and water) and affordable stock feed, and to offer them an effective milk price that is higher than the spot market price. Promotion efforts should target smallholders that are literate, from a cattle rearing culture, and particularly encourage youth and women participation. There is also need for building trust in the exchange relationship and judicious use of power by processors.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity and its influencing factors in East Hararghe, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Million Sileshi ◽  
Reuben Kadigi ◽  
Khamaldin Mutabazi ◽  
Stefan Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Near Future

AbstractPrevious studies on food insecurity in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, have mainly focused on current food insecurity, lacking the ex-ante analysis. An understanding of household vulnerability to food insecurity is critically important to inform the formulation of policies and strategies to enhance food security and reduce vulnerability to food insecurity among smallholder farmers. This paper analyses vulnerability to food insecurity of farming households using the vulnerability as expected poverty (VEP) approach. The paper is based on cross-section data collected from a sample of 408 households in East Hararghe, Ethiopia, selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The factors which influenced vulnerability to food insecurity were analyzed using the Feasible General Least Squares regression model. The results of analysis indicate that vulnerability to food insecurity increased with the age of household head (P < 0.1), and family size (P < 0.01). It decreased with access to improved seeds (P < 0.01), adoption of soil and water conservation (P < 0.01), size of cultivated land (P < 0.1), and access to credits (P < 0.1). Based on the intensity of their vulnerability, households were grouped as chronic food insecure (24.27%), transient food insecure (11.77%), highly vulnerable-food secure (18.38%), and low vulnerable-food secure (45.59%). Overall, about 54% of households were categorized as vulnerable to food insecurity. These included households who were food insecure at the time of the survey (36.02%) and those who were categorized as transient food secure group (18.38%). These findings imply that food insecurity policies and interventions in developing countries should focus not only on households that are currently food insecure, but also on those categorized as transient food insecure or households that are more likely to be food insecure in the near future.

scholarly journals Household characteristics and market participation competence of smallholder farmers supplying cassava to starch processors in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi A Ojiako ◽  
G Tarawali ◽  
RU Okechukwu ◽  
JN Chianu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Harvesting Method

The household head characteristics of smallholder cassava farmers supplying raw materials to the major commercial starch processors in Nigeria were examined alongside their market participation categories. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 96 farmers working in clusters in the eight cassava producing states. Data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics, including the use of independent sample t-test technique to compare farmer's characteristics for the farmers' market participation categories. Results revealed that majority of the farmers were farming for subsistence with only 19.80% selling up to 50% of their farm produce as against 80.20% who sold less. Average mean values were found to be higher for the high market participants compared with the low participants for the age, farming experiences, education, farm size, gender, marital status, household size, training, season of harvesting and fertilizer use, but lower for use of credit, improved cassava variety, harvesting method, farming time devotion, and road access. Only farm size, gender and harvesting season at p<0.01 level and training at p<0.05 level were found to be statistically significant in distinguishing the high and low market participation categories. Policies and programmes aimed at promoting market participation among cassava farmers in Nigeria should be more impactful if directed at these significant factors.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 42-56, December, 2016

scholarly journals Appraisal of Issues Influencing Soil-Steps Application for Sustainable Farmland Management in High-Potential District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mehretie Belay
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Soil damage by moving water is a somber predicament on farmlands in highland Ethiopia. Sizeable number of trial in farmland preservation has been executed to handle the crisis during the last tens of years. However, the attempts have not been vibrant to trim-down the danger to an attractive extent. This paper evaluates factors contributing to application of soil-steps (bunds) as sustainable farmland management technology (SFLMT) by smallholder farmers in one of the high-potential districts of northwest Ethiopia named Dangila Woreda (District). Mixed method triangulation designs involving concurrent acquisition and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Data were acquired from randomly chosen 201 farming households during the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Ordered questionnaire, participatory field observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion were mechanisms employed during the data acquisition. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percentiles), Chi-square test, t-test and the binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative information was textually narrated to augment the quantitative results. Findings of the investigation confirm that age of the household head, the number of household members, slope of the farmland, the size of the farmland held, households’ participation in indigenous labour-sharing activities and the number of farm tools owned were significantly increasing the building of soil-steps as SFLMT in the study district. Involvement in off-farm activities and pest invasions were considerably hindering farmers from building soil-steps on their farmlands. The results in general indicated that households’ access to livelihood assets are key promoters for farmers’ implementation of soil-steps on their farmlands. Local resource preservation and improvement trials should thus ponder on convalescing farmers’ material endowments to improve their capability to use soil-steps as SFLMT in their farming activities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Potato Consumption among Households in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Muinat Mobolanle Sanusi ◽  
Damola Andrew Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Potato Market ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Potato Consumption

AbstractThe study investigated the socio-economic factors affecting potato consumption among households in Odeda Local Government Area (LGA), Ogun State. Multistage sampling technique was used to gather information from 80 households using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression model. The study showed that 67.5 % of the household-heads were male, 42.5 % were less than 30 years old, more than half (53.8 %) had income less than NG₦50,000.00 (US$322.59) monthly while 55 % and 68.8 % spend less than NG₦2,000.00 (US$12.90) on sweet and Irish potato, respectively, on a monthly basis. The linear functional form for sweet potato regression result showed that the total household income and sweet potato market price were both significant at 5 % with the coefficient of determination (R2) being 0.611 while the double-log functional form for Irish potato regression result showed that age of household-head, Irish potato market price and price of substitute (yam) were significant at 5 %, 10 % and 10 %, respectively, with coefficient of determination (R2) being 0.897; and had a positive relationship with potato consumption in the study area. Conclusively, the age of household-head, total monthly income, price of potato and price of substitute were factors that determined consumption of potato in the study area. In order to combat problems of malnutrition and to contribute to improvement in households’ welfare in Odeda LGA, efforts should be intensified in ensuring that households have access to adequate quantity of food and promotion of households’ education on the nutritional values and human nutrition with respect to age and gender are necessary.

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals Diagnostic SWOT appraisal of the wicker handicraft entrepreneurship development in Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
A.A. Wani ◽  
G.M. Bhat ◽  
A.A. Gatoo ◽  
Murtaza Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
F Statistics

Critical analyses of the perceptions on SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) have become a fundamental element of multi-criteria decision making for developing wicker handicraft entrepreneurship. The study examined the effectiveness and prioritization of entrepreneur's perceptions towards SWOT categories and factors and provided insights for developing wicker handicraft entrepreneurship in Pulwama district of Kashmir. Data were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions of 100 wicker handicraft entrepreneurs of 20 villages selected by multi-stage random sampling. Simple descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. Results showed that the factors like income generation (19.30%) and employment generation (19.00%) were viewed as most important strengths while labour intensive and less remunerative livelihood (18.80%) and seasonal subsistence (18.70%) were identified as main weaknesses. Further, poverty alleviation (20.70%), preservation of traditional art craft (19.00%) and improvement in public-private relations (17.50%) were adjudged as strong opportunities whereas limited marketing facilities (20.70%), lack of co-operative societies (18.90%) and harassment by officials in withies collection (16.50%) were seen as chief threats. The challenges (weaknesses and threats) (50.40%) for wicker handicraft entrepreneurship outweighed the prospects (strengths and opportunities) (49.60%) while the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) (54.80%) prevailed over the external factors (opportunities and threats) (54.20%). F statistics (p<0.05) indicated significant differences between the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). The results projected the basis to the policymakers to prioritize and address the prominent challenges and reinforce the prospects for conceptualizing, formulating and implementing the strategies for strengthening the wicker handicraft entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Analysis of Improved Indigenous Chicken Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers: Case of Makueni and Kakamega Counties, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Kamau ◽  
Lucy W. Kabuage ◽  
Eric K. Bett
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Adoption Decision

Indigenous chicken (IC) production is a source of food security and income among smallholder farmers within high potential areas and semi-arid lands (ASAL). The demand for IC eggs and meat is anticipated to increase threefold by the year 2020 by health conscious consumers. However, potential of IC to contribute to household incomes and poverty alleviation in ASAL is constrained by slow maturity of IC and low productivity. Hence, to address these constraints improved indigenous chicken (IIC) technologies have been developed and introduced to smallholders in high potential area and ASAL. However, only a few smallholder farmers have adopted the IIC technologies. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the effect of farmer socioeconomic characteristics on adoption and intensity of adoption the IIC technology in Makueni and Kakamega counties. A total of 384 households were sampled using multi-stage sampling to collect data through interviews. The collected data was analyzed using a double hurdle model. The results suggest that sex of the household head, farm size, group membership, which had not been previously identified in IIC studies as a significant variable, distance to training centre, off-farm activities and IIC awareness significantly affected adoption decision of improved IC. On the other hand education of the household head, household size, farm size, source of information on IIC and awareness on IIC had significant effects on the level of adoption. The recommendations from this study have an implication on extension policy, land use policy, food policy, collective action and pricing policy in the context of technology adoption in Kenya.

Coordinating cereal farmers and buyers: evidence from Mali

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Vroegindewey ◽  
Veronique Theriault ◽  
John Staatz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Vertical Coordination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cost Characteristics ◽  
Production Prices ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how various transaction-cost characteristics influence the choice of vertical coordination (VC) structures (e.g. different contract types) and horizontal coordination (HC) structures (e.g. different farmer organization types) to link smallholder farmers efficiently with buyers. It analyzes the relationship between vertical and horizontal structures, and the economic sustainability of different structure combinations. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a conceptual framework to predict coordination structures as a function of transaction-cost characteristics, compares predictions for the Malian cereals market to empirical evidence using 15 case studies, and then analyzes structure combinations. Findings Asymmetric scale between farmers and buyers; uncertainty in production, prices, policy, and contract enforcement; and quality and quantity debasement lead to selections of structures with high levels of control. Vertical and horizontal structures demonstrate a complementary relationship in certain core coordination roles, while exhibiting substitutability in the provision of other coordination activities. The marketing cooperative and marketing contract pairing is the most prevalent combination. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework is useful for explaining the selection of coordination structures, and can be applied in other contexts to strengthen external validity. Originality/value The framework facilitates predictions and explanation of both VC and HC structures, with empirical application on a country and value chains receiving little attention in the literature.

scholarly journals Knowledge of farmers about animal management and prevalence of reproductive disorders in cows at Babugonj Upazila under Barisal district of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Paul ◽  
PK Mittra ◽  
PK Sarkar ◽  
PK Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Cattle Rearing

The purposes of the study were to evaluate the existing cattle management system, outbreak of reproductive disorders and farmer’s knowledge about cattle rearing. The data were collected from a sample of 100 farm household heads selected out of a total of 1000 farm household heads from Babugonj upazila through multi-stage random sampling technique interview with a pretested questionnaire during the period from January to April 2015. In this survey, we found that 65% farmers were using semi intensive housing system of cattle and 90% did not de-worm their cattle regularly. Only 3% farmers attended a training course related to animal rearing. None of the farmers maintained a register and calculated the feeding cost per month. About 97% farmers faced the problem of reproductive disorders. Still 77% farmers wereusing natural insemination for their cow’s breeding. A total of 200 cows’ history of reproductive disorder was collected. The prevalence of anoestrus,  repeat breeding,  metritis,  poor heat detection,  ovarian cyst,  uterine prolapse,  vaginal prolapse, retained placenta, abortion, still birth,  dystocia,  pyometra and laceration of vagina were 22.0% (44), 14.0% (28), 9.5% (19), 24.0% (48), 1.5% (3), 1.0% (2), 0.5% (1), 9.0% 18), 2.0% (4), 2.5% (5), 3.0% (6), 3.0% (6) and 8.0% (16), respectively. It may be concluded that the knowledge of farmer about cattle management is very poor which influenced the high prevalence of reproductive disorders. The farmers need training on hygienic management and reproduction of cows.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 272-275, December 2017

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Household Food Security in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nkomoki ◽  
Miroslava Bavorová ◽  
Jan Banout
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Food security is a global challenge and threatens mainly smallholder farmers in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to determine factors that are associated with food security in Zambia. This study utilizes the household questionnaire survey dataset of 400 smallholder farmers in four districts conducted in southern Zambia in 2016. To measure food security, the study employs two food security indicators, namely the food consumption score (FCS) and the household hunger scale (HHS). Two ordered probit models are estimated with the dependent variables FCS and HHS. Both the FCS and HHS models’ findings reveal that higher education levels of household head, increasing livestock income, secure land tenure, increasing land size, and group membership increase the probability of household food and nutrition security. The results imply that policies supporting livestock development programs such as training of farmers in animal husbandry, as well as policies increasing land tenure security and empowerment of farmers groups, have the potential to enhance household food and nutrition security.

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