scholarly journals Зүүн Хойт Азийн нүүрсний эрэлт ба нийлүүлэлт

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Энхболд В
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Coal Market

Дэлхий дахинаа нүүрсний эрэлт 2035 он хүртэлхи хугацаанд их байх төлөвтэй. Дэлхийн нийт нүүрсний олборлолтын 53%, коксжих нүүрс олборлолтын 60% нь ЗХА-ийн бүс нутагт ноогдож байна. Хэдийгээр ЗХА-ийн бүс нутаг нүүрсний олборлолтоор дэлхийд давамгайлж байгаа ч тус бус нутгийн Хятад, Япон, Өмнөд Солонгос зэрэг оронд нуүрсний хэрэгцээ их, цаашид ч өсөх хандлагатай байна. Монгол Улс нүүрсний арвин нөөцтэй ба нүүрсний экспорт нэмэгдэж байна. ОХУ-ын хувьд эрчим хүчний шинэ стратегийн дагуу оросын нүүрсний экспорт алгуур алс дорнод тийш ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд чиглэж байна. Өнөөдөр Орос-Хятадын нүүрсний салбарын хамтын ажиллагаа улам бүр нягтарч байгаа, мөн ОХУ-ын засгийн газар Сибирь дэх нүүрсний ордуудаа ашиглах зорилт тавьсан зэрэг нь ОХУ ойрын ирээдүйд Хятад болон ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд гол нүүрс нийлүүлэгч байх магадлалтай. Улмаарнөөц баялаг болон газар зүйн ойр дөт байршил зэргээс хамаарч Монгол, ОХУ-нь ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд нүүрс экспортлогчид төдийгүй гол өрсөлдөгчид байх төлөв ажиглагдаж байна.   Northeast Asia’s Coal Demand and Supply The world coal consumption has a tendency to grow till 2035 according to the surveys conducted by international research institutions. As per 2011, the North East Asia (NEA) region represents 53 percent of the world total coal production and 60 percent of the coking coal. Even though NEA dominates in the world coal production, the region’s countries like China, Japan and South Korea are in greater demand of coal imports and outlook shows that their consumption will be growing in forthcoming years.  Mongolia has an enormous coal resources and its export volume is increasing year to year. As per new energy strategy, Russia’s coal export is gradually moving towards Far-east aiming the NEA market. Current strong developments of Russia-China coal cooperation, and Russia’s recent decision to develop resource-rich Siberian coal deposits once again proved that Russia can become coal exporter to the NEA in near future. Accordingly, NEA region’s countries like Mongolia and Russia can be not only potential coal suppliers, but also export key competitors in the region’s coal market due to their resources and proximity.

scholarly journals History of World and Russian Mammoth Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1163-1181
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Luzan ◽  
Alexandra A. Sitnikova ◽  
Anastasia V. Kistova ◽  
Antonina I. Fil’ko ◽  
Julia S. Zamaraeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Far East ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Art Collectors ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Comparative

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the mammoth in regulatory documents and cultural practices. The analysis of both Russian and international experience allowed to generalise the existing legal provisions regarding the regulation of mammoths, as well as to determine the role of mammoths in the world and Russian culture, including the culture of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the comparative analysis of sources and materials, historical-comparative and chronological methods, the historiographic method, as well as methods of philosophical and art history analysis. The study revealed the fact that in the field of legislation and legal regulation of extraction and sale of mammoth ivory in the world, the issue of the status of mammoths is raised only in connection with a discussion of the survival of rare species of elephants. Measures to prevent extermination of elephant population, encompassing a ban on trade, including trade of mammoth ivory, cause heated discussions and are controversial for craftsmen, antique dealers and art collectors. The issue of legal regulation in this area is particularly acute for the Russian Federation, due to the lack of a finalised legal and regulatory framework, both at the federal, regional and municipal levels. The image of the mammoth in the world and Russian culture is embodied in a number of visual practices. These are heraldry, animation, book graphics, sculpture and fine art. Sign and symbolic forms of the mammoth embody religious and mythological characteristics of the animal, demonstrating its significance in people’s worldview, as well as indicating of the “living” memory of it in the modern world

scholarly journals Borneo – trudna przeszłość, poplątane tożsamości. Indonezyjsko-malajska konfrontacja 1963–1966

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Andrzej Połosak
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Status ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations

Borneo, the largest of the Sunda Islands, was already divided during the colonial period. Its southern part belonged to the Dutch East Indies. To the north, there were the territories of North Kalimantan, part of the British Federation of Malaya. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ahmed Sukarno, supported anti-colonial movements around the world. Moreover, in 1962, Indonesia launched a military operation that attached West Irian, a Dutch overseas territory in the eastern tip of New Guinea. This operation gained international support.When Great Britain revised its Far East policy in the late 1950s, London gave independence to the Federation of Malaya, known as Malaysia since that time. From then on, the country was part of the Commonwealth of Nations. President Sukarno, remembering the success of the 1962 operation, considered newly established Malaysia to be only a new incarnation of English colonial politics. In April 1963, Jakarta began invading northern Borneo to annex these lands to Indonesia. The invasion met with strong resistance from the Commonwealth of Nations. After three years of struggle, the territorial status quo from before the conflict was re-established. The invasion and its high costs shook President Sukarno’s position. As a result, he was overthrown by General Suharto and the previously pursued policy of supporting anti-colonialism ended, although Indonesia remained a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, one of whose spiritual fathers was Ahmed Sukarno.

Review of amphipods of the genus Cryptodius Moore, 1992 (Amphipoda: Ochlesidae) from the coastal waters of Sakhalin Island (Far East of Russia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (3) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
VJACHESLAV S. LABAY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Far East ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
World Species ◽  
North East ◽  
The World ◽  
New Material

Based on new material, the new species of the genus Cryptodius is described: C. sakhalinensis sp. nov. from north-east shelf of Sakhalin Island. Keys to the world species of the genus Cryptodius is provided. Cladistic analysis of morphological relationships within genera Cryptodius and Odius are implemented.

Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from European seas: source of potentially economic cobalt mining.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidio Marino ◽  
Javier González ◽  
Teresa Medialdea ◽  
Luis Somoza ◽  
Rosario Lunar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World Production ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

<p>The world increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs) that use lithium-ion batteries (LIB), in which cobalt is one of the essential elements, focused the attention on its demand that is calculated will increase of 7-13% annually until 2030. The actual production of cobalt, usually extract as by-product of nickel and copper mine, is reduced to almost 20 countries between which the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the bigger producer with 55% of the world production. In Europe cobalt is produced only in Finland that actually provides 2.300 tonnes, the 2% of the world production. In this way several projects have been promoted by European Union, with the Raw Material Initiative, in order to find and evaluate the sustainable production of important materials in Europe.</p><p>MINDeSEA[1] project is part of the GeoERA and represent the collaboration of 12 national geological institution partners, to characterize marine deposits and their contents in Critical Raw Materials (CRM) and to generate a comprehensive cartography and metallogenic models of them. The first preliminary map produced in 2019 represents the localization and evaluation of cobalt rich deposits in the oceans within the EEZ and ECS of the European countries.  Cobalt deposits are represented essentially by hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts located essentially in the Macaronesian area of the north east Atlantic Ocean (in the Portugal and Spain), submarine plateaus, as the Galicia Bank (in the north west Spanish) and in the Arctic Ocean ridges (Norway and Iceland). The report differentiates between occurrences (<0.05 wt. %) and deposits (>0.05 wt. %), with the possibility of more than 200 Mt resources per potential deposit.</p><p>Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and metallogenic studies are being developed in crusts from the Macaronesia. Fe-Mn crusts absorb dissolved elements in seawaters on the surface of the fresh precipitated oxy-hydroxides during their slow growth through millions of years. Several elements are concentrated in Fe-Mn crusts and between them cobalt is one of the most enriched trace metals (average 0.6 wt. %) accompanied by other strategic and critical metals such as nickel, copper, tellurium, molybdenum and rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY) (respectively 3000, 500, 150, 500 and 3500 µg/g). Micro Raman and micro X-Ray diffraction can be used to differentiate the mineralogy in laminae of less than 20 microns. On the other hand, electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), are useful in order to quantify contents of CRM in the different mineral phases. These are innovative techniques in order to identify critical-elements bearing minerals and thus choose the metallurgic method for a more efficient and sustainable extraction of the interesting elements.</p><p>The evaluation of a seamount as a future mine site has to take into account all these mineralogical and chemical features as well as a proper knowledge of the seamount (morpho-structure, geology, oceanography, ecosystems) and the Fe-Mn crust thickness and extension</p><div><br><div> <p>[1] This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166</p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Uganda's National Parks

Oryx ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
C. R. S. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Preventive Effort ◽  
South West ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild Life

The Uganda Government has long been subject to much adverse criticism for its apparent reluctance to fulfil its share of the obligations towards wild life which were agreed upon by Great Britain in 1933, at the international conference held in London for the better protection of the African fauna. The world however was then in the throes of a disastrous financial depression, from which recovery was slow, and it was scarcely the time for the small Uganda Protectorate, with its limited resources, to embark on a costly scheme for creating national parks. Moreover, ever since the proclamation of the Protectorate in 1894 Uganda has suffered more severely from rinderpest, that terrible scourge of cattle, than any other British territory in Africa. The direct loss in livestock has been appalling, but the indirect loss, which can be assessed as the measure of the preventive effort on the part of the Veterinary Department, has been positively staggering. Rinderpest has for long been endemic in the regions of Ethiopia to the north-east and never a year has passed without the dread disease appearing on Uganda's northern and eastern frontiers. The wild ungulates introduced, harboured and transmitted the disease—the cattle could be controlled, not so the wild animals except possibly by the repugnant method of destruction. Outside the limits of Uganda few have realized the grim and costly struggle which continued relentlessly year by year, and still fewer have ever appreciated that little Uganda with its gallant band of veterinary workers has again and again staved off disaster from reaching the territories lying to the south and south-west. Rinderpest was no respecter of game reserves in which the disease-stricken ungulates suffered as heavily as anywhere else and therefore there were economic factors of considerable gravity involved in the question of alienation of relatively large areas as national parks. It seemed preferable and wiser to endeavour to free Uganda from the ravages of rinderpest, before setting aside as national parks areas which could function as reservoirs of the disease.

scholarly journals Brief History of the North-West Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeological Research (In Celebration of the 90th Anniversary of the First Northern Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeology Publication by V. I. Ogorodnikov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Slobodin ◽  
Alisa Yu. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

Purpose. To analyze the significance of V. Ogorodnikov’s 1929 article on finds from Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island in the historiography of archaeological research in northeastern Russia. Results. An analysis of his published materials, in the context of the history of archaeological research in Northeast Asia in the 18th – first quarter of the 20th century shows that this was, in fact, the first professional publication on archaeological research in this part of northeast Asia. Until that time, sporadic publications about random finds and their fragmentary descriptions did not give a holistic picture of human existence in these territories. It was also the first Russian archaeological publication post-revolution on the antiquities of the north of the Far East. However, Ogorodnikov’s article, from the day of its publication, was forgotten, and in all further archaeological research, both in Northeast Asia as a whole, and on Zaviyalova Island and in Taui Bay in particular, was not mentioned and was not analyzed by the archaeologists who conducted research there, although the conclusions made by him were confirmed by further work. This, apparently, was due to the fact that although he was a well-known Siberian historian and the first Dean of the Department of History of Irkutsk University, Ogorodnikov was unjustly repressed for political reasons in 1933 and died in 1938 in a Gulag camp. Despite the fact that he was politically rehabilitated in 1957, his name has not yet returned to the historiography of archeology of Northeast Asia. This publication aims to fill this gap. The Neolithic age of the archaeological materials declared and published by Ogorodnikov, previously unforeseen and not justified by anyone for Northeast Asia, was fully confirmed by further research. Conclusion. The publication by Ogorodnikov in 1929 featuring results of the first excavations in Taui Bay on Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island is a significant milestone in archaeological research in the North-East of Russia.

scholarly journals CHECKLIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER LEECHES (ANNELIDA, CLITELLATA, HIRUDINEA) IN TUNISIA WITH IDENTIFICATION KEY

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ben Ahmed ◽  
Yasmina Romdhane ◽  
Saïda Tekaya
Keyword(s):  
Identification Key ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

In this study 13 leech species from Tunisia are listed. They belong to 2 orders, 2 suborders, 4 families and 11 genera. The paper includes also data about hosts and habitats, distribution in the world and in Tunisia. Faunistic informations on leeches were found in literature and in the results of recent surveys conducted by the authors in the North East and the South of the country. The objectives of this study were to summarize historical and recent taxonomic data, and to propose an identification key for species signalized. This checklist is to be completed, taking into account the hydrobiological network of the country especially the North West region, which may reveal more species in the future

scholarly journals Coal pricing mechanism of some countries in the world and lessons learned for Vietnam national Coal – Mineral industries holding corporation limited

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Tan Cong Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thu Thi Luu ◽  
Bich Thi Dong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Coal Price ◽  
Pricing Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Deep Integration ◽  
Mineral Industries

As one of the two largest coal production and trading units in Vietnam, Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin) is still operating both under the planning mechanism and the market mechanism. Additionally, in recent years, the group's coal price is also being built under these mechanisms. In the context of increasingly deep integration, fluctuating coal price and market, the competition of imported coal is getting more and more fierce, while coal mining conditions are increasingly difficult, the coal production and trading still have many shortcomings, so it is necessary to have a coal price determination mechanism accordance with the actual conditions of the Vietnamese coal market. Therefore, in order to determine the coal price scientifically and in association with practice, the reference to the coal pricing mechanism in some countries around the world to draw lessons for Vinacomin plays an important role. The content of this article mentions the coal pricing mechanism in some countries with a large amount of coal mining and consumption such as China, Australia, Russia, Indonesia,... thereby giving a comprehensive view of the coal price management, operation and construction mechanism of some coal markets in the world and as a reference basis for Vinacomin.

Cross-border cooperation between Russia and China: experience and problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
V. Pecheritsa ◽  
◽  
S. Mefodyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The article is devoted to the analysis of Russian-Chinese relations at the present time.The topicality of the article is primarily due to the fact that the development of border and cross-border territories is becoming an important tool for successful international cooperation between countries. Under the circumstances, it is important to study and understand the functions and mechanisms of cross-border cooperation. The active development of the Russian Federation and China, including trade and economic relations, naturally leads to increased attention of these states to the development of border territories. The purpose and objectives of the article is to analyze the main directions of cross-border cooperation between the Russian Federation and China in the trade and economic sphere on the example of the Far East of Russia and the North-East of China; to show not only successes, but also unresolved issues and problems that prevent these neighboring regions from interacting at a higher level.The object of the study is the cross-border trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and China. The subject is the ways, forms and mechanisms of regional Russian-Chinese interaction, as well as factors that slow down this process.There have been used general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods.The usage of a comparative-functional, systematic approach, modeling and a logical method encouragesto identify the essential and substantive elements of the regional trade and economic policy of the Russian Federation and China

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