scholarly journals УЛААНБААТАР ХОТЫН ХӨРСНИЙ БОХИРДОЛ

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
О Батхишиг
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sulfate Content ◽  
City Area ◽  
Soil Ammonium ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Microbiological Pollution ◽  
Open Markets

According by soil investigation of Ulaanbaatar city area in 2012 soil heavy metal contamination generally was low. In some areas revealed anomaly high content of Chromium, Lead and Zink exceeding maximum allowed content. But this points a sporadic distributed not covered big area and 7.5-2.7 % of samples are exceeding standard level. The soil ammonium and sulfate content is high comparing with non-polluted pasture soils. Soil ammonium pollution more closely connected with big open markets and “ger horoolol” area. Primary source of sulfate content is air pollution and coal burning. Soil microbiological pollution, E.Coli and anaerobic bacteria level is high. The “ger horoolol” district area becoming main source of microbiological pollution. Improvement of solid waste management and “ger horoolol” area planning is challenging issue to solve a soil pollution problem of Ulaanbaatar city area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Vegetables Sold in Urban Open Markets of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Pawan Raj Shakya ◽  
Neena Malla Khwaounjoo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Markets

Present study describes the extent of heavy metal contamination in two vegetable types viz., cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) sold in urban open markets of Kathmandu valley. A total of 18 vegetable samples collected from various market sites of the valley were analyzed for heavy metals viz., As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results revealed that the metal concentrations in both the vegetables tested were found in the order as Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The metal levels in cabbage leaves irrespective of the market sites, ranged between 0.91–2.05 mg/kg for Cd, 14.32-28.31 mg/kg for Cu, 7.29–14.70 mg/kg for Pb and 36.33–108.09 mg/kg for Zn respectively. Similarly, the metal levels in cauliflower varied from 0.81–1.50 mg/kg for Cd, 19.29–26.77 mg/kg for Cu, 10.82–21.23 mg/kg for Pb and 62.45–73.72 mg/kg for Zn respectively. However, As and Hg were found below the detection limits in both the vegetables tested. It was also found that while the mean concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded the maximum permissible limits for vegetables, Cu and Zn were found within the safe limits as recommended by FAO/WHO. From the present study, we conclude that a regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables is necessary for safe consumption as well as to prevent excessive buildup of these metals in the human food chain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12008 Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 39-44

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF MALAYSIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES TO IMPROVE RECYCLING PRACTICE AND WASTE SEPARATION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriyah Razali ◽  
Choong Weng Wai ◽  
Dzurllkanian@Zulkarnain Daud
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Future Researcher ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Waste Separation

Households are the primary source that contributes to the municipal solid waste and thus, it is well justified that they should be targeted in waste recycling policies for the improvement of recycling rates in this nation. Aware of the significant role among the household, Malaysia has taken a series of initiative to improve the national policies for solid waste management to foster waste separation practices among household. These waste management policies focused on waste separation and waste recycling behaviour among households in Malaysia. This is because a well-managed and planned waste policy is one of the vital factors that will enhance waste separation and recycling behaviour among households. This paper attempts to summarise the waste management policies in Malaysia, chronologically and summarise the solid waste management and transformation plans in a timeline table for the ease of reference among future researcher and policymaker. This is to provide them with a better understanding of the progression of waste management policies and regulations in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Soil hygiene indicators of Bayanzurkh district of the capital city and map of distribution of some heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Erdenetuya Boldbaatar ◽  
Sarangerel Jarantaibaatar ◽  
Udaakhbayar Jamchin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pollution Problem

Heavy metals are natural constituents, but the loss of bio-geochemical balance due to human activities is creating a build-up of toxic forms in the environment, especially in the soil. To determine the level of pollution in the study area, the method of determining the degree of pollution and the ecological risk index developed by Hakansan Yuan and Rahman were used. The survey was conducted in the territory of Bayanzurkh district of the capital city between 2019-2020 and used the values of 66 points of soil hygiene and some heavy metals in the soil. According to the study, the content of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) is high and medium at 1-2 points, while the levels of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) are low. According to the Ecological Risk Index, 66 points out of 5 substances have a risk index of less than 40 or less risk. Soil microbiology showed high levels of contamination by E. coli bacteria and Cl. prefringens. The “ger horoolol” district area becoming main source of microbiological pollution. Improvement of solid waste management and “ger horoolol” area planning is challenging issue to solve a soil pollution problem of Bayanzurh district area. To determine the proportion of the distribution of heavy metals overlapping with functional land use zones, all non-zinc elements were less than 30 mg / kg in residential areas and more than 20 mg / kg in industrial areas. Нийслэлийн Баянзүрх дүүргийн хөрсний эрүүл ахуйн үзүүлэлтүүд ба зарим хүнд металлын бохирдлын дүн Хүнд металлууд байгалийн бүрдэл хэсэг боловч хүний үйл ажиллагааны нөлөөнд био-геохимийн тэнцвэрт байдал нь алдагдсанаар амьдрах орчин, ялангуяа хөрсөнд хортой хэлбэрийн хуримтлал бий болгож байна. Судалгааны талбайн бохирдлын түвшинг илэрхийлэхийн тулд Хакансан Юан, Рахман нарын тодорхойлон гаргаж ирсэн бохирдлын зэрэг, экологийн эрсдлийн индекс тодорхойлох аргыг ашигласан. Судалгаагаа нийслэлийн Баянзүрх дүүргийн нутаг дэвсгэрт 2019-2020 оны хооронд хийгдсэн хөрсний эрүүл ахуй болон хөрсний зарим хүнд металлын 66 цэгийн утгыг ашиглалаа. Судалгаагаар хар тугалга (Pb), зэс (Cu), цайрын (Zn) агууламж бохирдлын зэргийн хувьд 1-2 цэгт бохирдлын хүчин зүйл их болон дунд гэсэн утга гарсан бол никель (Ni), хромын (Cr) хувьд бага түвшинд байна. Харин экологийн эрсдлийн индексээр 5 бодисын 66 цэгийн үзүүлэлтээр эрсдлийн индекс 40-өөс бага буюу эрсдэл багатай гэж гарлаа.  Хөрсний микробиологийн дүнгээр E. coli бактер, агааргүйтсэн бичил биетэн Cl. prefringens –ийн бохирдол өндөр гарсан. Баянзүрх дүүргийн хөрсөн дэх нянгийн хэмжээг бууруулах ажлыг хотын гэр хороолол дунд үүссэн хог хаягдлыг цэвэрлэх, нүхэн жорлонгийн нөхцлийг сайжруулах зэргээс эхлэх шаардлагатай байгааг харуулж байна. Хүнд металлын тархалтыг газар ашиглалтын функциональ бүсүүдтэй давхцуулан эзлэх хувийг тодорхойлоход сууцны бүсэд цайраас бусад элемент 30 мг/кг-аас бага, үйлдвэрийн бүсэд хүнд металлууд 20 мг/кг-аас дээш агууламжтай тархсан байна.  Түлхүүр үг: хөрсний бохирдол, эрүүл ахуй, газар ашиглалтын бүс, хүнд металь

scholarly journals Bio-Recognition in Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for *Heavy Metals-Water and Waterborne Contamination Analysis

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisi ◽  
Della Torre ◽  
De Benedetto ◽  
Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Key Aspects

: Microsystems and biomolecules integration as well multiplexing determinations are key aspects of sensing devices in the field of heavy metal contamination monitoring. The present review collects the most relevant information about optical biosensors development in the last decade. Focus is put on analytical characteristics and applications that are dependent on: (i) Signal transduction method (luminescence, colorimetry, evanescent wave (EW), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), surface plasmon resonance (SPR)); (ii) biorecognition molecules employed (proteins, nucleic acids, aptamers, and enzymes). The biosensing systems applied (or applicable) to water and milk samples will be considered for a comparative analysis, with an emphasis on water as the primary source of possible contamination along the food chain.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Kunming

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Rui Qi Miao ◽  
Yong Feng Yan ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
Ao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Factor Index ◽  
Better Than

With the analyses of eight different heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn)’ contents and distributions in the topsoil of Kunming City, the results show that the average concentrations of these eight elements in the topsoil of Kunming City were much higher than the background concentrations in soil in China, and the pollution assessments with the Single factor index method and Nemerow Pollution Index method, the result shows that in Kunming City, the Xishan District and Wuhua District exist a certain degree of heavy metal pollution problem of soil, but the soil environment qualities of Panlong District and Guandu District are better than other districts; analyze the causation of heavy metal pollution of soil with the elements data and current situation of Kunming City, the heavy metal pollution sources mainly from industrial pollution and traffic pollution.

scholarly journals The assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals in the Vladimir city

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Ivan Kurochkin ◽  
Natalia Chugay ◽  
Ekaterina Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
City Area ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
The City

To analyze heavy metal contamination of urbanized soil in the Vladimir city, the soil was sampled and studied. The city area is represented by sod-medium podzolic and gray forest urbanized soil. Soil samples analysis included lead, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt and chromium. The resulted parameters were compared to the maximum permissible concentrations and background values. The regularities between the studied sites proximity to the industrial enterprises and heavy metals concentration in soil have been found. The coefficients of heavy metals accumulation in soil have been calculated and the metals as priority pollutants with the highest accumulation coefficient have been identified. By calculating the cumulative accumulation index, the city area has been differentiated according to the hazardous degree. The research peculiarity comprises the sampling locations selection – school sites, as the child population is the most vulnerable to the diseases, associated with the heavy metals accumulation in soil.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Effects of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins on Platelet Thromboxane Biosynthesis “In Vivo”

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Erica De Candia ◽  
Bianca Rocca ◽  
Giovanni Ciabattoni ◽  
Armando Antinori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
To Receive

SummarySeveral “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies indicate that heparin administration may affect platelet function. In this study we investigated the effects of prophylactic heparin on thromboxane (Tx)A2 biosynthesis “in vivo”, as assessed by the urinary excretion of major enzymatic metabolites 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2. Twenty-four patients who were candidates for cholecystectomy because of uncomplicated lithiasis were randomly assigned to receive placebo, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin or unfractionaed heparin plus 100 mg aspirin. Measurements of daily excretion of Tx metabolites were performed before and during the treatment. In the groups assigned to placebo and to low molecular weight heparin there was no statistically significant modification of Tx metabolite excretion while patients receiving unfractionated heparin had a significant increase of both metabolites (11-dehydro-TxB2: 3844 ± 1388 vs 2092 ±777, p <0.05; 2,3-dinor-TxB2: 2737 ± 808 vs 1535 ± 771 pg/mg creatinine, p <0.05). In patients randomized to receive low-dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin the excretion of the two metabolites was largely suppressed thus suggesting that platelets are the primary source of enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis associated with heparin administration. These data indicate that unfractionated heparin causes platelet activation “in vivo” and suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparin may avoid this complication.

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