scholarly journals Enfeksiyon Etkeni Mantarların Zamana Göre Sıklık ve Tür Dağılımlarındaki Değişimler: 12 Yıllık (2008-2019) Mikoloji Laboratuvarı Verileri Ne Söylüyor?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Dolunay Gülmez ◽  
Ali Korhan Sığ ◽  
Nida Akar ◽  
Serhat Duyan ◽  
Sevtap Arıkan Akdağlı
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Second Period

The frequency and variety of infections caused by fungi are increasing. However, changes and intercenter and regional differences are observed in the distribution of fungal species over the years. It is important to update the epidemiological data in order to enable early and appropriate treatment. In this retrospective study, the number of fungi isolated from clinical samples, their distribution at the genus/ species level and the variations over the years in Hacettepe University hospital which is a regional center for patients at risk of fungal infection were investigated. For this purpose, laboratory records from 2008- 2019 were examined and 21813 fungal strains isolated from 19636 clinical samples were detected. When the first (2008-2013) and second (2014-2019) six-year periods were compared, a 2.5 fold increase was observed in the number of specimens yielding fungal growth (first period; n= 5620, second period; n= 14016). Fungi were most frequently isolated from urine (45.0%), lower respiratory tract (30.7%) and blood (6.8%) samples. Mould isolation rate in all samples increased significantly in the second six-year period (from 8.3% to 10.6%, p≤ 0.001). As expected, the most frequent yeast was Candida albicans (57.0%) and mould was Aspergillus fumigatus complex (50.4%). In the second six-year period, isolation of C.albicans (59.3% to 56.0%, p≤ 0.001) among yeasts and A.fumigatus complex (58.1% to 48.0%, p≤ 0.001) among moulds decreased significantly. In urine specimens, most common fungi were C.albicans (49.8%), Candida glabrata complex (15.6%), Candida tropicalis (8.9%) and Candida kefyr (7.5%). In lower respiratory tract specimens, the most common mould was A.fumigatus complex (51.2%), which has decreased from 63.7% in the first six years to 47.1% in the second period (p≤ 0.001). Over the same period, other Aspergillus species (from 25.5% to 34.1%, p= 0.002) and non-Aspergillus moulds (from 36.3% to 52.9%, p≤ 0.001) were increased. In blood samples, C.albicans (44.4%), Candida parapsilosis complex (21.5%) and C.glabrata complex (13.0%) were the most frequent species. In the second six-year period, the frequency of C.albicans decreased from 47.3% to 42.2% (p= 0.059) and the frequency of C.glabrata complex increased from 9.5% to 15.5% (p≤ 0.001) when compared to the first period. For the sterile specimens other than blood, the most common species were C.albicans (37.8%), C.glabrata complex (9.1%) and C.parapsilosis complex (4.7%). However, the number of fungal isolates and the distribution of the species showed great variation over the years. In our center, a substantial increase in the number of fungal strains isolated from the clinical specimens were observed over a 12-years period. In addition and similar to previously published reports, the increase of strains belonging to species with decreased antifungal susceptibility and/or species with unknown susceptibility were detected. The use of local data is required in order to implement early and appropriate antifungal treatment because of inter-center and regional differences observed in epidemiological trends regarding the distributions of fungal genera and species. Surveillance studies to be conducted with the participation of large and sufficient numbers of centers in our country, as we have done for our center, will also contribute to approaches regarding the management of fungal infections by revealing the epidemiological data in a comprehensive manner.

scholarly journals An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohireh Taei ◽  
Mostafa Chadeganipour ◽  
Rasoul Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Abstract Objective: Yeasts are opportunistic microorganisms can cause human fungal infection among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to identify Candida species and uncommon yeasts obtained from clinical specimens in Kashani university hospital and Shefa Lab as a referral medical mycology laboratory, in Isfahan, Iran, by combination of various molecular techniques. Results: A total of 202 yeast strains were isolated from 341 clinical samples between February 2017 to May 2019. All clinical isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular tests. PCR-RFLP, duplex-PCR, multiplex-PCR, and PCR-sequencing were applied for molecular identification of yeasts. The most clinical samples were obtained from urine (66.8%), nail (9.4%), bronchoalveolar lavage (5.9%), sore (4.4%), and blood (3.9%). One hundred and twenty-one Candida species were identified as non- albicans against 76 Candida albicans. Trichosporon asahii, and Pichia terricola were uncommon non- Candida yeasts isolated from urine samples. For the first time, we isolated P. terricola as etiologic agent of urinary tract infection in a pregnant female. Since non- albicans Candida species and non- Candida yeasts have various virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile, precise molecular identification can help us to reach to the advantageous strategies for treatment of these fungal infections.

scholarly journals 1704. Geotrichum spp. Invasive Infection: Experience From a Third-Level Referral Center in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S624-S624
Author(s):  
Sandra Rajme-López ◽  
María F Gonzalez-Lara ◽  
Andrea Rangel-Cordero ◽  
Alfredo Ponce de Leon
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Solid Organ

Abstract Background Geotrichum spp has been recognized as an emergent pathogen that causes invasive infection in immunosuppressed hosts. There is no data in Latin America about invasive Geotrichum spp. infections. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with this infection. Methods We conducted a retrospective survey from 2001 to 2018, of all the Geotrichum spp. isolated from clinical samples at our institution. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory findings, and imaging studies were obtained from medical records. All cases classified as proven or probable invasive fungal infections (IFI) according to the EORTC/MSG criteria were included. Isolates with unavailable clinical information were excluded. Descriptive analysis was made. Results We found 18 patients with a proven/probable Geotrichum spp. IFI. The mean age was 48.5 years and 55.5% were male. The most common predisposing condition was hematological malignancy (55.5%), autoimmune diseases (22.2%) and HIV, chronic granulomatous disease, and solid-organ malignancy in 1 case, respectively. Fifteen (83.3%) received immunosuppressors (cancer chemotherapy or steroids); 27.7% had neutropenia at the time of diagnosis. The most common clinical syndromes were lower respiratory tract infection and persistent fever (83.3%). Chest abnormalities were present in 15/16 CT scans, pulmonary nodules were the most common finding (62.5%). Geotrichum spp. was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, 77.7%; blood culture, 22.2%; and peritoneal dyalisis fluid, 5.6%. Seven patients were coinfected with other pathogens: 4 Aspergillus spp., 1 H. parainfluenzae, 1 P. aeruginosa, and 1 E. coli. Fifteen patients received antifungal treatment: 7 amphotericin B, 8 voriconazole, and 1 itraconazole. Among survivors (11), 72.7% received antifungal therapy at discharge: 4 voriconazole and 4 itraconazole. Three patients did not receive any antifungal: 1 was diagnosed postmortem and 2 were considered colonization (both were alive at 30 days). Overall mortality was 38.8%. Conclusion Eighteen cases of Geotrichum spp. were found. The majority had lower respiratory tract infection. Despite antifungal therapy 38.8% died. Geotrichum spp. should be recognized as an emerging pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of N-Acetylcysteine on colistin mic values in Acinetobacter Baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-473
Author(s):  
Fahriye EKŞİ ◽  
Mehmet ERİNMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which colonize inpatients and cause severe infections, septic shock and death. With emergence of multi-drug resistant gramnegative species and being effective in A. baumannii infections, colistin becomes a treatment option again. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a mucolitic agent which used commonly in lower respiratory tract infections especially patients who have cronic respiratory disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. In this study we aim to investigate the effect of NAC, which commonly added in lower respiratory tract infections tratment regime, on MIC values colistin used in A. baumanni tratment. Fifty A.baumannii isolates were included in the study. The isolates were identified by automated identification system. With broth microdilution method, we investigated and compared the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of colistin and NAC+Colistin combination. Colistin MIC50 value is 0.25 μg/mL and MİK90 value is 1 μg/mL, NAC+Colistin combination MIC50 value is 0.25 μg/mL and MİK90 value is 1 μg/mL. The screening for the effectiveness of clinical drugs may provide clinical strategy to improve treatment outcomes of A. baumannii and reduce hospitalization days.

Nosocomial infections and risk factors in intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcin Ozer ◽  
Muserref Tatman-Otkun ◽  
Dilek Memis ◽  
Metin Otkun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the types nosocomial infections (NIs) and the risk factors for NIs in the central intensive care unit (ICU) of Trakya University Hospital. The patients admitted to the ICU were observed prospectively by the unit-directed active surveillance method based on patient and the laboratory over a 9-month-period. The samples of urine, blood, sputum or tracheal aspirate were taken from the patients on the first and the third days of their hospitalization in ICU; the patients were cultured routinely. Other samples were taken and cultured if there was suspicion of an infection. Infections were considered as ICU-associated if they developed after 48 hours of hospitalization in the unit and 5 days after discharge from the unit if the patients had been sent to a different ward in the hospital. The rate of NIs in 135 patients assigned was found to be 68%. The most common infection sites were lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, bloodstream, catheter site and surgical wound. Hospitalization in ICU for more than 6 days and colonization was found to be the main risk factor for NIs. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy, as well as frequently changed nasogastric catheterization, were found to be risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. For bloodstream infections, both prolonged insertion of and frequent change of arterial catheters, and for urinary tract infections, female gender, period and repeating of urinary catheterization were risk factors. A high prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was found in this study. Invasive device use and duration of use continue to greatly influence the development of nosocomial infection in ICU. Important factors to prevent nosocomial infections are to avoid long hospitalization and unnecessary device application. Control and prevention strategies based on continuing education of healthcare workers will decrease the nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Wang ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Sheng Qin ◽  
Qiong Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused at least seven outbreaks since 2000. However, limited studies are available regarding the epidemiological patterns and diversity of HAdVs types among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods To understand the epidemiology and subtype distribution of HAdV infections associated with RTIs in China, nasal swab (NS) clinical samples were collected from 4129 patients in a Guangzhou hospital between August 2017 and October 2019. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on these specimens to identify HAdV subtypes. Results HAdV was successfully sequenced in 99 (2.4%) of the 4129 NS specimens, with the highest HAdV prevalence (6.3%) found in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Among HAdV-positive specimens, the most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (55.6%) and HAdV-B7 (25.3%). The most common symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever (100%), cough (80.8%), and rhinorrhea (71.8%). HAdV infections were detected throughout the year with a relatively higher prevalence in summer. Conclusion All ages suffer adenovirus infections, but young children are at the greatest risk. This study data demonstrates that at least three species of HAdVs (species B, C, and E) are circulating in Guangzhou City, China. As antiviral therapies and type-specific vaccines become available, such epidemiological data will be useful in guiding therapy and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Gram Positive Bacteria causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and their Resistance Patterns in Kathmandu University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Jatan Bahadur Sherchan ◽  
S Humagain
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infection due to Gram positive bacteria is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study of one year duration was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram-positive bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infection visiting Kathmandu University Hospital. A total of 1,556 respiratory samples including sputum and endotracheal aspirates were processed following standard guidelines. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Gram positive bacteria from total sample were 6.6%. Out of them 86.4% were Streptococcus pneumoniae and 13.6% were Staphylococcus aureus. Majority of S. pneumoniae, 53.9% were resistant to azithromycin, followed by cotrimoxazole 40.4%, ciprofloxacin 13.5% and Ceftriaxone 1.1% but all isolates were sensitive to penicillin. A total of 92.9% S. aureus were methicillin and Ciprofloxacin resistant, 64.3% were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 28.6% resistant to amikacin but all strains were sensitive to linezolid. Majority of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus were detected among patients of age more than 60 years. A total of 77.8% patients had lower respiratory tract infection with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Majority of diabetic patients had multidrug resistant organism. 70.69% patients of age above 60 had multidrug resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistant Gram positive bacteria were observed in respiratory samples. For effective management of lower respiratory tract infections detailed microbiological diagnosis and susceptibility testing is required.

scholarly journals Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Amete Mihret
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide. Conclusion C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.

scholarly journals Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Amete Mihret
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide. Conclusion C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.

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