scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilization on fungi colonizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers after harvest and after storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Bożena Bogucka
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Late Potato ◽  
Experimental Variant

The paper presents the results of a three-year exact experiment conducted in Bałcyny, in which a late potato cultivar, Jasia, was grown. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different levels of mineral fertilization: A (N 80 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup> P 80 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup> K120 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>) and B (N 120 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup> P 144 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup> K156 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>), and foliar fertilization (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn and Solubor DF) on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungal populations colonizing potato tubers. Fungi were isolated immediately after harvest and after a five-month storage period. After seven days of incubation, fungal colonies were transferred onto agar slants for microscopic identification. Over the entire experimental period, more pathogenic fungi were obtained from potato tubers analyzed after storage (62.9% of the total fungal population after storage) than from those analyzed immediately after harvest (39.1%), and the greatest number of fungi was reported in 2004. <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> was isolated most frequently, followed by <i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i> and <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. Pathogens of the genus <i>Fusarium</i> and the species <i>Helminthosporium solani</i> were not numerous. In the treatment A with soil mineral fertilization with lower NPK rates, larger numbers of pathogenic fungi were noted in 2004 after harvest and after five-month storage, and in 2005 after harvest. At the remaining dates of analysis, pathogens were more frequently isolated from potato tubers in experimental variant B with higher NPK rates. Immediately after harvest, the highest number of pathogenic fungi was isolated in the treatment with foliar application of ADOB Mn and Basfoliar 12-4-6. After five-month storage, pathogens most often colonized potato tubers in experimental variant B with foliar application of Solubor DF, Solubor DF and ADOB Mn, and in experimental variant A with a combination of fertilizers. In the other fertilization variants, including in the control treatment, the population size of pathogenic agents remained at a similar level.

scholarly journals Pathogens of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber (Phytophtora infestans) occurring in treatments with foliar fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Bożena Bogucka
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Tuber Diseases

The paper presents the results of a three-year exact plot experiment (2008-2010) established in Bałcyny (NE Poland). Three potato cultivars were grown: medium-early &lsquo;Adam&rsquo;, medium-late &lsquo;Pasja Pomorska&rsquo;, and late &lsquo;Ślęza&rsquo;. The experimental factors were foliar fertilizers applied alone or in combination (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn, Solubor DF) and two levels of soil mineral fertilization (N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>K<sub>1</sub>-80 kg N × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 80 kg P × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 120 K × ha<sup>-1</sup>; N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>-120 kg N × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 144 kg P × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 156 K × ha<sup>-1</sup>). The experimental materials comprised potato tubers. The symptoms of soft rot (<em>Pectobacterium carotovorum </em>subsp. <em>carotovorum</em>), late blight (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>) and dry rot (<em>Fusarium </em>spp.) were evaluated in 5 kg potato samples, and were expressed as the percentage mass of infected tubers. The rates of common scab (<em>Streptomyces scabies</em>) and black scurf (<em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>) infection were estimated on 100 tubers collected randomly after harvest, according to a nine-point scale, and were presented as a percentage infection index. In the laboratory, fungi were isolated on PDA medium from potato tubers immediately after harvest and after five-month storage. The incidence of tuber diseases depended on potato cultivars affected. The severity of tuber diseases varied between treatments with two levels of NPK fertilization and foliar fertilization. The lowest number of <em>Fusarium-</em>infected tubers was obtained from treatments where three foliar fertilizers were applied in combination, which was confirmed by the lowest abundance of fungal isolates. More fungi were isolated from potato tubers after harvest than after storage, but pathogens were more frequently isolated from stored tubers. After harvest, the lowest number of pathogenic fungi was isolated from the tubers of cv. &lsquo;Adam&rsquo; in the non-fertilized treatment, and after storage – from the tubers of the late cultivars in the treatment with three foliar fertilizers applied in combination.

Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Hayyawi W.A. Al-juthery ◽  
Estabraq Hilal Obaid Al-Maamouri
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Private Farm

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg  h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of  Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield,  dry vegetative yield  , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463  ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER AND COMPOST ON NITRATE STATUS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBER UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOIL

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. EL-SAYED ◽  
A.A. GAHRIB ◽  
Rasha R. EID
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Compost Treatment

This investigation was carried out during the two summer seasons of 2015 and2016 in sandy soil on potato culitvar "Sante" to study the effect of using 100%compost (15 t/fed.) and 50% compost + nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, andPseudomonas alone or together) on potato yield and quality as compared to theconventional mineral fertilization (120-75-150 kg/fed. NPK + 5 toncompost/fed.(control)). No significant differences in tubers yield/fed. were detectedbetween mineral fertilization (control) and using 100% compost (15t/fed).However, control treatment significantly produced a high yield per feddan,more than using 50% compost + any biofertilizer treatment.Using composttreatment at 15 t/fed.execeed all biofertilizer treatments in marketable yield in bothseasons, but without significant differences as compared with mineral fertilization(control).No significant differences in tuber dray matter and content of starch intuber were found between using compost treatment at 15 ton/fed. and mineralfertilization treatment (control)in both seasons. Nevertheless, application of 50%compost+ 4 applications of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas had the highest tuberconcentrations of starch and nitrogen with significant differences as compared withthe mineral fertilization.Using50% compost + 4 applications of Azotobacter orPseudomonas or both (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas )and application of 100%compost caused producing potato tubers with the lowest concentration of nitratewith significant differences as compared with the mineral fertilization. Nosignificant differences were detected between mineral and organic fertilizersconcerning P and K concentrations in tubers.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in Field

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń ◽  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Stanisław Rożek ◽  
Włodzimierz Sady ◽  
Piotr Strzetelski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Daily Diet

Despite wide prevention programmes, iodine deficiency remains a substantial problem in various populations around the world. Consumption of crop plants with increased iodine content may help supply additional amounts of that element in a daily diet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the efficiency of iodine biofortification of potato tubers. Soil application of KI and foliar application of KIO3 in doses up to 2.0 kg I ha−1 were tested in a three-year field experiment. Biomass, yield as well as dry matter, iodine, starch, and soluble sugar content in potato tubers were analyzed. No negative effect of tested methods of iodine application on potato yield or dry matter content was observed. Both soil and foliar application of iodine allowed to obtain potato tubers with increased content of that element with no decrease of starch or sugar content. The highest efficiency of iodine biofortification was noted for foliar spraying with KIO3 in a dose of 2.0 kg I ha−1. The obtained level of iodine in 100 g of potatoes could be sufficient to cover up to 25% of Recommended Daily Allowance for that element. The findings of the study indicate that potatoes biofortified with iodine can become an additional source of I in a daily diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical Injury and Low Temperature Storage on the Accumulation of Glycoalkaloids in the Tubers of 7 Varieties of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) grown in Oman

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Elsadig A. Eltayeb ◽  
Sana Salem Al-Sinani ◽  
I. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Glycoalkaloid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
Temperature Storage

Tubers from 7 potato varieties were analyzed for their rates of glycoalkaloid accumulation in response to stresses of three types of mechanical injury and low temperature storage. Mechanical injuries were found to greatly stimulate glycoalkaloid accumulation in both peel and flesh of tubers. The extent of glycoalkaloid accumulation appears to depend on variety, type of mechanical injury, and storage period. Most of the injury-stimulated glycoalkaloid accumulation occurred within 7 and 14 days after treatment. Cutting the tubers resulted in the highest content of glycoalkaloids both in flesh and peel up to levels that exceeded the upper safety limit of 200 mg/kg FW. Injury stimulated α-solanine accumulation in stored potato tubers is more than α-chaconine, resulting in a decrease in the α-chaconine: α-solanine ratio. When tubers were stored at low temperature, the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation was found to be independent of the glycoalkaloid level at harvest. The greatest increase in total glycoalkaloid content of the seven varieties was found after two weeks of storage at both 4 ºC and 10 ºC. Further storage at these temperatures resulted in a decrease in the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation in most of them. At 10 ºC glycoalkaloid content tended to increase more rapidly than at 4 ºC. The α-solanine content of the tubers showed an increase following low temperature storage.  

scholarly journals Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Tomasz Knapowski ◽  
Wojciech Kozera ◽  
Jarosław Chmielewski ◽  
Damian Gorczyca ◽  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

AbstractIn Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen (I factor, n=3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha−1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n=4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha−1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha−1. Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VERMICOMPOST AND PEAT EXTRACTS ON NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN TUBERS AND POTATO YIELD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija VOJEVODA ◽  
Anita OSVALDE ◽  
Gunta ČEKSTERE ◽  
Andis KARLSONS
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Investigations on the potential beneficial effect of humic substances on crop plant cultivation under extremely diverse soil and climatic conditions is of global character, thereby knowledge obtained on the basis of local investigations are of great importance world-wide. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of different application methods (seed tuber treatment and foliar application) of commercially-produced peat and vermicompost extracts on nutrient uptake in tubers and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using field experiments in organic farming system with potato variety ‘Borodjanskij Rozovij’. The tested extracts from the organic products included: peat extract (K45) and vermicompost extract (B45) obtained at +45°C by cavitation. The investigation was carried out at Stende Research Centre (Institute of Agro-resources and Economics) from 2011 to 2012. The chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B) of potato tubers was determined. The application of organic extract from vermicompost had a stimulating effect on mineral nutrient as N, P, K, Mg, and S accumulation in potato tubers, but 50% of cases showed reduction in Ca and Cu content that could influence the storage of tubers. The use of peat extract was significantly effective when the tubers were treated before planting. On average, tuber treatment and foliar spray with organic extracts contributed to 10% of tuber yield increase.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value of Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) as a Dependence of Growing Conditions and Long-Term Storage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dorota Wichrowska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Full Dose

The aim of the study was to assess the interactive effect of the use of bio-fertilizer and organic matter brought into the soil, as well as to limit the use of mineral fertilization on the content of bioactive compounds in potato tubers cultivar ‘Satina’. The test results show a positive effect of the applied bio-fertilizer in all tested variants of organic fertilization (straw, fodder pea, manure) on the level of the tested compounds. Comparing the content of crude protein in tubers from plots where half the dose of mineral fertilization was applied, the use of bio-fertilizer increased the content of this component, especially after using straw. After 6 months of storage, organic fertilization had no significant effect on the protein content, while significant differences were found in tubers fertilized with mineral, in favor of the full dose of NPK fertilizers. The storage time increased the content of tyrosine, leucine, lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, and total AA, and also methionine, aspartic acid, and asparagine, while the content of isoleucine and phenyl-alanine decreased. The highest content of total polyphenols was found in tubers where the plots were covered with pea application, a full dose of mineral fertilizer, and the use of bio-fertilizer. Unfortunately, after 6 months of storage, potato tubers from plots fertilized with peas, especially those fertilized with half the dose of mineral fertilization and without the use of biofertilizer, significantly lost the most total polyphenols. Similar relationships were obtained for the level of chlorogenic acid in tubers, which is significantly correlated with the content of polyphenols, but only organic fertilization in the form of peas significantly increased the concentration of chlorogenic acid. On the other hand, the highest post-harvest antioxidant activity was characteristic of tubers from plots fertilized with manure, with a full dose of mineral fertilization and biofertilizer. During the 6-month storage, there was a decrease in the antioxidant capacity, on average 12.4% for the objects. This may indicate the influence of polyphenolic compounds as well as other antioxidants on the assessed trait.

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