Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.

AbstractIn Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen (I factor, n=3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha−1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n=4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha−1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha−1. Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese.

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Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

Agronomy Science ◽

10.24326/2019.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽

LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽

BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Ecklonia Maxima ◽

Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

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The effect of mineral fertilization on fungi colonizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers after harvest and after storage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 137-147

Author(s):

Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽

Bożena Bogucka

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Potato Cultivar ◽

Storage Period ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Late Potato ◽

Experimental Variant

The paper presents the results of a three-year exact experiment conducted in Bałcyny, in which a late potato cultivar, Jasia, was grown. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different levels of mineral fertilization: A (N 80 kg × ha-1 P 80 kg × ha-1 K120 kg × ha-1) and B (N 120 kg × ha-1 P 144 kg × ha-1 K156 kg × ha-1), and foliar fertilization (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn and Solubor DF) on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungal populations colonizing potato tubers. Fungi were isolated immediately after harvest and after a five-month storage period. After seven days of incubation, fungal colonies were transferred onto agar slants for microscopic identification. Over the entire experimental period, more pathogenic fungi were obtained from potato tubers analyzed after storage (62.9% of the total fungal population after storage) than from those analyzed immediately after harvest (39.1%), and the greatest number of fungi was reported in 2004. Rhizoctonia solani was isolated most frequently, followed by Colletotrichum coccodes and Alternaria alternata. Pathogens of the genus Fusarium and the species Helminthosporium solani were not numerous. In the treatment A with soil mineral fertilization with lower NPK rates, larger numbers of pathogenic fungi were noted in 2004 after harvest and after five-month storage, and in 2005 after harvest. At the remaining dates of analysis, pathogens were more frequently isolated from potato tubers in experimental variant B with higher NPK rates. Immediately after harvest, the highest number of pathogenic fungi was isolated in the treatment with foliar application of ADOB Mn and Basfoliar 12-4-6. After five-month storage, pathogens most often colonized potato tubers in experimental variant B with foliar application of Solubor DF, Solubor DF and ADOB Mn, and in experimental variant A with a combination of fertilizers. In the other fertilization variants, including in the control treatment, the population size of pathogenic agents remained at a similar level.

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Weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chemical Plant ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Spelt Wheat ◽

Chemical Protection ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2010 on rendzina soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter spelt cultivars (‘Schwabenkorn’ and ‘Spelt I.N.Z.’) grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection. In the experiment, two levels of mineral fertilization were compared (kg × ha-1): I. N 60; P 26.2; K 83; and II. N 80; P 34.9; K 99.6. The che- mical protection levels were as follows: A. Control treatment; B. Mustang 306 SE, Stabilan 750 SL; C. Mustang 306 SE, At- tribut 70 WG, Stabilan 750 SL; D. Mustang 306 SE, Attribut 70 WG, Alert 375 SC, Stabilan 750 SL. Apera spica-venti, Setaria pumila, and Galium aparine occurred in greatest numbers in the spelt wheat crop. The cultivar ‘Schwabenkorn’ was more competitive against weeds. The number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, their total number, and air-dry weight of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were significantly lower compared to cv. ‘Spelt I.N.Z.’. Chemical protection of spelt wheat decreased weed dry weight compared to the control treatment without chemical protection. The application of higher rates of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the number of weeds but did not influence their dry weight and number of weed species.

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Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN 2077-5822 E-ISSN 2617-1479) ◽

10.33794/qjas.vol10.iss1.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 253-263

Author(s):

Hayyawi W.A. Al-juthery ◽

Estabraq Hilal Obaid Al-Maamouri

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Acid Yield ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Starch Yield ◽

Private Farm

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield, dry vegetative yield , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463 ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.

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MICRONUTRIENT CONTENTS IN THE PROFILE OF A RECOVERED SOIL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE AND NATIVE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i3.59351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Lívia Mara Lima Goulart ◽

Marianne Fidalgo de Faria ◽

Grasiela Spada ◽

Thiago Tássio de Souza Silva ◽

Iraê Amaral Guerrini

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Native Species ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Final Destination ◽

Potassium Supplementation

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture and recovery of degraded areas has been shown as a promising alternative for its final destination. Studies on micronutrient levels after sludge application are necessary to avoid soil contamination at toxic levels. The objective of this work was to verify the micronutrient contents in the soil profile and pH, up to one-meter-deep, nine years after the application of sewage sludge and planting of native species of the Atlantic Forest. The experiment was implemented in a degraded Quartzeneic Neosol and conducted in randomized blocks with four replicates and eight treatments, consisting of six doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1, with supplementation of potassium due to low concentration in the residue), besides the control treatment, mineral fertilization and only potassium supplementation. After nine years, the contents of all micronutrients evaluated presented a significant response to the application of the treatments, and the application of sewage sludge provided an increase in their contents. Soil pH remained stable at sites receiving mineral fertilization and potassium supplementation. Only manganese and zinc showed mobility in the soil profile. The application of sewage sludge in degraded soil increases the micronutrient content and decreases its movement in the soil profile, and the application of the maximum dose of the residue does not provide toxic levels of these elements in the soil in the long term.

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Foliar Application of Nitrogen Affects Metabolism and Productivity of Soybean

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n10p31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽

Evandro B. Fagan ◽

Antônio P. M. Machado ◽

Daniel Fortune ◽

Fernando R. Moreira

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Slow Release ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Consequent Reduction ◽

Soybean Plants

Soybean is one of the world’s most economically important crops and several factors can affect the productivity of this culture. Among these factors is the supply of needed nitrogen, especially in the reproductive stage, as it acts in photosynthetic activity and in grain filling. In view of this, the objective of our work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen in different reproductive stages in soybean culture. Two sources of nitrogen were used: conventional urea and urea-formaldehyde/triazone, both applied in reproductive stages R2, R3, R4, or R5, as well as a control treatment without foliar application of nitrogen. Plants submitted to foliar application of urea-formaldehyde/triazone showed an increase in nitrogen metabolism (percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere [Ndfa] and nitrate reductase activity [NR]), an increase in peroxidase (POD), and the consequent reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in all stages of application of this treatment. When urea-formaldehyde/triazone was applied in R4, it resulted in a 7% increase in yield. The application of conventional urea in reproductive stages R4 and R5 increased nitrogen metabolism and resulted in an increase in yield by 4%. However, conventional urea reduced yield when applied in stages R2 and R3. The use of low doses of foliar nitrogen in stages R4 and R5, increased nitrogen metabolism in soybean plants. The timing of the application has a direct impact on the results with the slow-release nitrogen (urea formaldehyde /triazone) showing better results when applied in stage R4 and better results for conventional urea in R5.

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EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER AND COMPOST ON NITRATE STATUS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBER UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOIL

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1801139e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S.F. EL-SAYED ◽

A.A. GAHRIB ◽

Rasha R. EID

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Control Treatment ◽

High Yield ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Compost Treatment

This investigation was carried out during the two summer seasons of 2015 and2016 in sandy soil on potato culitvar "Sante" to study the effect of using 100%compost (15 t/fed.) and 50% compost + nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, andPseudomonas alone or together) on potato yield and quality as compared to theconventional mineral fertilization (120-75-150 kg/fed. NPK + 5 toncompost/fed.(control)). No significant differences in tubers yield/fed. were detectedbetween mineral fertilization (control) and using 100% compost (15t/fed).However, control treatment significantly produced a high yield per feddan,more than using 50% compost + any biofertilizer treatment.Using composttreatment at 15 t/fed.execeed all biofertilizer treatments in marketable yield in bothseasons, but without significant differences as compared with mineral fertilization(control).No significant differences in tuber dray matter and content of starch intuber were found between using compost treatment at 15 ton/fed. and mineralfertilization treatment (control)in both seasons. Nevertheless, application of 50%compost+ 4 applications of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas had the highest tuberconcentrations of starch and nitrogen with significant differences as compared withthe mineral fertilization.Using50% compost + 4 applications of Azotobacter orPseudomonas or both (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas )and application of 100%compost caused producing potato tubers with the lowest concentration of nitratewith significant differences as compared with the mineral fertilization. Nosignificant differences were detected between mineral and organic fertilizersconcerning P and K concentrations in tubers.

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Foliar silicate application improves the tolerance of celery grown under heat stress conditions

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fadl Abdelhamid HASHEM ◽

Rasha M. EL-MORSHEDY ◽

Tarek M. YOUNIS ◽

Mohamed A. A. ABDRABBO

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Control Treatment ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

And Control

Temperature rise is one of the most challenging climate change impacts that increase the intensity of heat stress. In this investigated the production of celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum F1 hybrid)) was tested during the late season. The experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design is a split-plot, the main plots consist of three low tunnel cover treatments, and three spray treatments with three replicates in sub-main plots. Results showed that the use of white net cover gave the highest vegetative growth and yield followed by the black net. Values of plant yield were 951, 765, and 660 g/plant for white, black and without cover, respectively, in the first season. The foliar application of 3 mM of potassium silicate produced the highest vegetative growth and yield compared to the control treatment. Referring to the effect of spray foliar application of potassium silicate on yield 1.5 mM (S1), 3 mM (S2), and control were 892, 795, and 689 g/plant in the first season, respectively. The best combination that delivered the highest vegetative growth and yield was a cover low tunnel with a white net combined with S2 foliar application.

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EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF VERMIWASH ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL

Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management ◽

10.26480/jwbm.01.2021.31.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

M. Yasmin ◽

M.S. Rahman ◽

M.A. Rahman ◽

F.S. Shikha ◽

M.K. Alam

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Water Control

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to investigate the effect of vermiwash on growth, yield and quality of brinjal and to find out suitable foliar dose of vermiwash for optimizing the yield of brinjal. There were five treatments comprising T1= Chemical fertilizer (CF) + foliar spray of distilled water (control), T2 = CF + foliar spray of 10% vermiwash, T3 = CF + foliar spray of 20% vermiwash, T4 = CF + foliar spray of 30% vermiwash and T5= CF + foliar spray of 40% vermiwash. Results revealed that, vermiwash treated brinjal plants showed better growth and yield parameters than the control plants. The highest average brinjal fruit yield (29.99 t ha-1) was found in T3 treatment i.e., foliar spray of 20% concentration of vermiwash and the lowest (26.35 t ha-1) came from control. On the other hand, nutritional quality (moisture content, TSS, β carotene and nutrient content) were seen to be higher in vermiwash treated treatment compared to control treatment. The study suggests that, 20% concentration of vermiwash could be used as effective foliar spray for eco-friendly and higher yield of brinjal.

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INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i3.571 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Khrbeet & Al-Beiruty

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Seed Set ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Flower Buds ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Main Plot ◽

And Control

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.

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