scholarly journals Biodiversity of zoosporic fungi in polluted water drainages across Niles’Delta region, Lower Egipt

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi

Thirty-four identified in addition to five unidentified species appertaining to ten genera of zoosporic fungi were identified and isolated from eighty four polluted water samples, which were randomly collected from different polluted sites of the water drainages along the Niles Delta in Lower Egypt. Baiting sesame seeds culture technique was employed at 20±2º C for the recovery of zoosporic fungi. The genera; <em>Pythium</em> and <em>Saprolegnia</em> (8 and 7 zoosporic fungal species, respectively) showed the broadest spectra of species diversity whereas <em>Aqualinderella</em> was only represented by one species (<em>A. fermentans</em>). <em>Saprolegnia delica</em> and <em>Dictyuchus carpophorus</em> (the greatest fungal populations) were the most dominant isolated zoosporic fungal species where they were highly occurred especially at the hyper-polluted waters with the heavy metals. These two species could be considered as indicators for the response of the structure and function of microbial communities for water pollution. Several zoosporic fungal species were rarely encountered. Both <em>Aqualinderella fermentans</em> and <em>Pythium rostratum</em> were recovered in moderate frequency of occurrence. Water samples which had high concentrations in heavy metals were the poorest in the species diversity of zoosporic fungi. Despite that, fungal species belonging to the family <em>Saprolegniaceae</em> flourished in hyper polluted water samples whilst those belonging to the family <em>Pythiaceae</em> predominated in more diluted water samples. Also, the prevalent species; <em>S. delica</em> and <em>D. carpophorus</em> were not affected by heavy metals concentrations being as indicators for water pollution with the heavy metals. pH values of the polluted water samples had no influence on the occurrence of zoosporic fungi. Water samples characterized by high organic matter content and low total soluble salts were the richest in zoosporic fungal species.

scholarly journals A New Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Hair Protective Effect of a Biomimetic Exopolysaccharide against Water Pollution

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Claire Tubia ◽  
Alfonso Fernández-Botello ◽  
Jan Dupont ◽  
Eni Gómez ◽  
Jérôme Desroches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Impact

As an external appendage, hair is exposed to multiple stresses of different origins such as particles and gases in air, or heavy metals and chemicals in water. So far, little research has addressed the impact of water pollution on hair. The present study describes a new ex vivo model that allowed us to document the adverse effects of water pollutants on the structure of hair proteins, as well as the protective potential of active cosmetic ingredients derived from a biomimetic exopolysaccharide (EPS). The impact of water pollution was evaluated on hair from a Caucasian donor repeatedly immersed in heavy metal-containing water. Heavy metal retention in and on hair was then quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP/MS). The adverse effects of heavy metals on the internal structure of hair and its prevention by the EPS were assessed through measurement of keratin birefringence. Notably, the method allows the monitoring of the organization of keratin fibers and therefore the initial change on it in order to modulate the global damage in the hair. Results revealed an increasing amount of lead, cadmium and copper, following multiple exposures to polluted water. In parallel, the structure of keratin was also altered with exposures. However, heavy metal-induced keratin fiber damage could be prevented in the presence of the tested EPS, avoiding more drastic hair problems, such as lack of shine, or decrease in strength, due to damage accumulation.

scholarly journals Induction of Micronuclei, Base-pair Substitution Mutation and Excision-repair Deficient by Polluted Water from Asa River in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Anifowoshe T Abass ◽  
Oladipo S Olayinka ◽  
Adebayo O Mutolib ◽  
Eboh O Solomon ◽  
Abdussalam A Rasheedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Base Pair Substitution ◽  
Peripheral Erythrocyte ◽  
Substitution Mutation

AbstractAsa river is a major river designated to supply millions of people of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria potable water for drinking but its managements is of grave concern due to anthropogenic activities. Thus, evaluation of genotoxicity of this river was carried out by subjecting the water samples and fish therein to three bioassays (Micronucleus (MN) assay, Ames test and SOS-chromo test). Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed at three different stations (Aliara (SI), Unity (SII) and Tuyil (SIII)) of the river. In SII, most of the heavy metals analysed were above the acceptable limits compare to SI and SIII. The peripheral erythrocyte of the fishes (Oreochromis niloticus, Synodontis batensoda, Synodontis eupterus, Clarias gariepinus and Clarias angullaris) at SI and SII stations showed a significant (p<0.05) induction of MN and different nuclear abnormalities (NA). Water samples from the three stations subjected to Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA100) and SOS chromotests (Escherichia coli PQ37) at 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations showed statistically significant (p<0.05) induction of DNA damage at all concentrations in the two tester strains, thus indicating base-pair substitution mutation and excision-repairdeficient, respectively, by the water samples. Therefore, drinking of this water and/or consumption of fish from this river should be taken with caution to avoid a carcinogenic risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Drinking Water Pollution with Heavy Metal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

scholarly journals Levels of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Ebubu Community, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sokpuwu Ikubor Austin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Periodic Analysis ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Drinking Purpose

This study was carried out to assess the level of the presence of some selected heavy metals in borehole-drinking water of Ebubu community in Eleme between June and August. Water samples were collected from ten (10) functional boreholes using standard techniques. The levels of the heavy metals in the study area were found to be in the order: cadmium (0.361±0.381 mg/L), > lead (0.117±0.056 mg/L) > nickel (0.042±0.0281 mg/L) > cobalt (0.010±0.009 mg/L) in the water samples. These values were above the WHO and NIS limits. The water quality parameters varied across the sampling periods (June and August); apart from Cd whose mean value was higher during the month of June, but lower during the month of August, all other toxic metals (Ni, Pb, and Co). The groundwater from the community is therefore, unsafe for drinking purpose due to elevated levels of toxic metals. In light of these findings, periodic analysis of samples from boreholes is inevitable. Such analysis will reveal pollution status of groundwater in this area and to determine the best method for water treatment, to intimate consumers and other users of the groundwater, and also to safeguard their health against the subsequent impact that may arise from drinking polluted water

scholarly journals A study of Irrigation Water Pollution By Some Heavy Metals in Baghdad Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
Ali Akram Abdulateef ◽  
Kadhim M. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Critical Limits

Abstract A study of irrigation water was conducted Baghdad city to find out extent of its pollution by some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, CU, Cr, Zn and Fe). Water samples were collected randomly from different sources (river, well and stream). Results showed that the concentration of studied heavy metals were as follows: Lead between 0.43-11.75 mg L-1, Cadmium between 0.01-0.95 mg L-1, Nickel between 0.008-0.46 mg L-1, Cobalt between Nil - 0.185 mg L-1, Copper is between 0.326 - 1.58 mg L-1, Chromium is between Nil-0.068 mg L-1, Zinc 0.398-1.182 mg L-1, as for Iron between 0.794 - 3.253 mg L-1, and high concentrations of heavy metals were in all samples, The most sites were higher than a critical limits permitted by the International Food and Agriculture Organization.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of sodium chloride on Saprolegnia diclina and Aphanomyces sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Sixteen identified and three unidentified species belonging to six genera of zoosporic fungi were isolated from forty water samples which were collected from different fish and fish hatcheries farms at Abbassa city, Sharkiya governorate, Egypt, using sesame seeds baiting technique at 20±2°C. <em>Saprolegnia</em> and <em>Achlya</em> contributed the broadest spectra of species diversity amongst the other genera of zoosporic fungi. <em>Saprolegnia diclina</em> and <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. were the most prevalent species of zoosporic fungi. The abundance of zoosporic fungal species in these aquacultures was correlated with some physicochemical characteristics of the water samples. The two dominant species of zoosporic fungi were tested for their tolerance of NaCl solution and its impact on some morphological and metabolic activities of these fungi. <em>Saprolegnia diclina</em> tolerated concentrations of NaCl solution till 12000 μg/ml whereas the maximum resistance of <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. was 8000 μg/ml. The examined morphological aspects of the two studied fungal species, which included the colony diameters, the vegetative hyphae, zoosporogenesis, zoospores discharge, sexual reproductive structures and gemmae formation, were generally affected depending upon the tested fungal species and the applied dose of NaCl solution. The low treatments of NaCl solution were significantly stimulative compared with the control for protease production by <em>S. diclina</em> but higher doses were significantly suppressive. A significant decline in protease activity at all applications was found when Aphanomyces sp. was treated with NaCl solution. The total free amino acids and total protein content of <em>S. diclina</em> and <em>Aphanomyces</em> sp. mycelia were almost significantly increased relative to untreated controls at the low dose of NaCl solution and they were significantly dropped at the higher concentrations by the two zoosporic fungi.

scholarly journals Analysis of Physio-Chemical Characteristic of the Roadside Polluted water of National Highway at Berhampur City, Odisha

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-675
Author(s):  
S. P Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Downstream Flow

Physiochemical analysis of polluted water samples collected from vicinity of National Highway was carried out. Different parameters like pH, TDS, BOD, COD, DO and different heavy metals were determined by standard analytical methods. The result observed that the waste water pollution load is decreased when the distance increased from NH. Polluted water besides NH indicates high pollutant load. Polluted water with more pollutants not treated properly is act as source for other pollution like soil, air and water through leaching, percolation, weathering and downstream flow. Hence, proper management and amendment of polluted water bodies caused by vehicular emission on the both side and around National Highway is essential for human health and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic and Adsorptional Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water using Nanohybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-160
Author(s):  
A. Guleria
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions Removal

Water contaminated with heavy metals is a major menace for aquatic life and human health consequently its efficient removal remains a crucial challenge for researcher. The utilization of various photocatalytic nanohybrids to synergistically photo-reduce and adsorb heavy metals is a potent strategy to combat water pollution. This book chapter give an overview of the fundamental principle of photocatalysis and various single, binary, ternary and quaternary nanohybrids employed for simultaneous photoreduction and adsorption of heavy metals with its mechanistic insight. Further, conclusion and future prospective as well as limitation of available nanohybrids were addressed. We hope that this book chapter dispenses some noticeable information to heavy metal ions removal from polluted water.

Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Lois T. Arowoyele ◽  
Samuel Ogunniyi ◽  
Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽  
Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Water Chemistry in Aries River Catchment Western Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Anamaria Iulia Török ◽  
Marius Roman ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the quality and vulnerability of surface water (Aries River catchment) in order to identify the impact of past mining activities. For this purpose, the pollution and water quality indices, Piper and Durov plots, as well vulnerability modeling maps were used. The obtained results indicate that the water samples were contaminated with As, Fe, Mn, Pb and have relatively high concentrations of SO42−, HCO3−, TDS, Ca, K, Mg and high values for the electrical conductivity. Possible sources of the high content of chemicals could be the natural processes or the inputs of the mine drainage. Generally, according to the pollution indices, which were correlated to high concentrations of heavy metals, especially with Pb, Fe and Mn, the water samples were characterized by heavy metals pollution. The water quality index classified the studied water samples into five different classes of quality, namely: unsuitable for drinking, poor, medium, good and excellent quality. Similarly, medium, high and very high vulnerability classes were observed. The Durov and Piper plots classified the waters into Mg-HCO3− and Ca-Cl− types. The past and present mining activities clearly change the water chemistry and alter the quality of the Aries River, with the water requiring specific treatments before use.

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