scholarly journals Effects of wild boar grazing on the yield of summer truffle (Tuscany, Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Salerni ◽  
Lorenzo Gardin ◽  
Francesca Baglioni ◽  
Claudia Perini
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The research presented here seeks to describe the impact of wild boar to a natural truffle ground of <em>Tuber aestivum </em>Vittad. on Monte Amiata (Tuscany – Italy). Pedoclimatic analyses indicated that the selected area could be considered suitable for the truffle production. Then classification of the vegetation of a <em>Quercus cerris </em>forest was carried out exploring the possibility of the BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) sampling design. Finally 10 plots were selected, half of which have been fenced. For the first time the impact of wild boar was evaluated by estimating the surface area turned over by its activity. Moreover in each plot the number and weight of summer truffles was performed every 10 days during the fruiting period (June-November 2006-2008). The hypothesis that the presence of <em>Sus scrofa </em>has a strong negative influence on truffle harvesting has been amply confirmed by the data presented here, given the large increase of fruiting bodies of the summer truffle collected in the fenced plots. Consequently the destructive behaviour of the wild boar imply not only an ecological but also an economic damage in areas in which non-wood forest products are an important source of income.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhiza resilience and recovery to extreme flood events in Tuber aestivum and Quercus robur

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVery little is known about the impact of flooding and ground saturation on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) and increasing flood events are expected with predicted climate change. To explore this, seedlings inoculated with the EcM species Tuber aestivum were exposed to a range of flood durations. Oak seedlings inoculated with T. aestivum were submerged for between 7 and 65 days. After a minimum of 114-day recovery, seedling growth measurements were recorded, and root systems were destructively sampled to measure the number of existing mycorrhizae in different zones. Number of mycorrhizae did not display correlation with seedling growth measurements. Seven days of submersion resulted in a significant reduction in mycorrhizae numbers and numbers reduced most drastically in the upper zones. Increases in duration of submersion further impacted mycorrhizae numbers in the lowest soil zone only. T. aestivum mycorrhizae can survive flood durations of at least 65 days. After flooding, mycorrhizae occur in higher numbers in the lowest soil zone, suggesting a mix of resilience and recovery. The results will aid in furthering our understanding of EcM but also may aid in conservation initiatives as well as providing insight for those whose livelihoods revolve around the collection of EcM fruiting bodies or cropping of the plant partners.

scholarly journals A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Andrea Diem ◽  
Stefan C. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
University System ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Course Of Study

Introduction: This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts. Materials and methods: This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001. Results: The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence. Discussion: Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.

Blissed ignorance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Stefani ◽  
Alessio Cavicchi ◽  
Donato Romano
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Experimental Auctions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of information on origin, “typicalness”, production method and flavour on the willingness to pay and the sensorial appreciation of Tuscan sanguinaccio (Italian Salami). Design/methodology/approach – The goal of the study was to explore how differences between willingness to pay and sensorial appreciation (measured using a hedonic score) for the three types are influenced by the nature of the sensorial and non-sensorial information available to the consumer. To evaluate reaction to sensorial information, typical information regimes used in works on degree of disconfirmation (Schifferstein, 2001) were adopted, that is, visual examination of the product with indication of the name and tasting of the labelled product. Findings – Analysis of the results of the experiments indicates that Mallegato and Biroldo have particular characteristics that make it critical to promote them to a vast public. The information on the production methods and ingredients seemed to interact negatively with the sensorial perception of the product after tasting, probably because of the presence of blood and other problematic components (for example, components of the pig head in Biroldo) among the ingredients. Research limitations/implications – Limited size of the sample and a gastronomic niche product analyzed. Practical implications – The negative influence of the processed information has to be considered to efficiently communicate the typicalness of these salami products. In fact, whilst for other traditional products, different kinds of information related to process, raw materials, recipes and, more generally, tradition can be jointly used to increase the arousal and the expectation on products quality characteristics, in this case, the communication strategy has to carefully consider the limit of these product components. Originality/value – For the first time the use of experimental auctions investigate the role of problematic information, such as the presence of blood, on consumers’ preference towards a typical gastronomic product.

scholarly journals Investigation of the dispersion processes of composite colloidal capillary-porous materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Petrova ◽  
V.M. Vyshnievskyi ◽  
Yu.P. Novikova ◽  
A.I. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Brittle State

The technology of drying colloidal capillary-porous materials to a final humidity of 6-8%, developed at the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, allowed to obtain a brittle state, in which it is possible to grind this product to small particles. The most suitable for industrial grinding of the dried composite colloidal capillary-porous materials is the impact method, because when wiping and crushing the material has accumulated, stuck to the working surface. Powders are characterized by one pronounced maximum corresponding to the particle size of the powder of 0,16 mm. As the rotation speed of the shredder rotor changes, the particle size distribution of 0,16 mm increases by reducing the larger particles. The amount of powder thus obtained is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotor. The study of the dispersion and classification of functional powders showed that all powders have the largest particle size of 0,16 mm. The maximum yield of this fraction is 70% and the lowest is 40%. The structural-mechanical characteristics of powders from composite colloidal capillary-porous materials were investigated for the first time.  Characteristics of different fractions were determined by such parameters as bulk density, vibration density, angle of natural slope, speed of material flow through the funnel and others. Studies to determine the structural and mechanical properties of functional powders have shown that they can be attributed to more bulk powders, as opposed to highly bound monopowders.  Creating compositions improves their structural and mechanical properties.

Determinants of Marathoners’ event expenditures: an in-depth exploration of past experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangsoo Park ◽  
Jeong-Yeol Park ◽  
Robin M. Back
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Repeat Visits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of Marathon event spending by estimated expenditure models. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the impact of socio-demographic and travel-context factors on aggregated and disaggregated expenditures by event visitors who participated in the Fargo Marathon in Fargo, North Dakota. Findings The results indicate that event satisfaction does not have an influence on any types of expenditure. As the planning time increases, however, there is a positive effect on total expenditure. First-time visitors are shown to spend more money, especially on food and beverage, lodging and total expenditure. Conversely, the number of past experiences of the event had a negative influence on these expenditure types. Originality/value In addition to travel-related factors and socio-demographic variables, researchers had not examined the influence of repeat visits on travelers’ spending. The originality of this study lies in revealing that repeat visits decrease spending in specific categories, especially in the case of a Marathon event.

Features of Heavy Metals Distribution in Environmental Components of Urban Park Landscapes of Kyiv City

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
I.V. KURAIEVA ◽  
T.O. KOSHLIAKOVA ◽  
K.V. VOVK ◽  
K.S. ZLOBINA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of the urban environment on the park ecosystems in Kyiv. As representatives of vegetation the species Taraxacum officinale Wigg. and Tilia cordata Mill., were chosen. The content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Cd) in soil and leaf samples within the ecosystems of the parks Feofaniya, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Mariyinsky, Pushkin, and Nyvky was measured. The highest level of soil contamination with heavy metals was found in the areas of parks located near highways and public transport stops. The most polluted park was the Kyiv Polytechnic Park, and the least polluted Feofaniya Park. High levels of metals found in soil samples did not always coincide with their highest levels in the biomass of the studied plants leaves. We found that, according to the phytotoxicological classification of metals by the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) by plants within the studied park ecosystems, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, and Cr belong mainly to the elements of low absorption (hazard class IV) except for Mariyinsky Park, where Zn according to the BAC value belongs to the elements of moderate absorption (hazard class III). The order of amount of metal bioaccumulation in plants obtained by us show a fairly wide range for different park ecosystems, which confirms the principle of ecological congruence (compliance), according to which the living components of an ecosystem have developed appropriate adaptations coordinated by the abiotic environment. In order to identify additional ways of migration of heavy metals to the ecosystem of Feofaniya Park, hydrochemical data from the surface of the first aquifer, circulated within the study area, were involved. It has been suggested that the increased concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mn in the soils of Feofaniya Park are connected with the Pirogivsky landfill, and the groundwater discharged into the park ponds serves as the main way of migration of pollutants to the natural environment, in particular to the soil-plant system. Our results confirm the need to involve biogeochemical data for ecological assessment of the urban environment and early diagnosis of negative influence, when the plants have not yet manifested morphological and anatomical abnormalities.

scholarly journals Pictographemes in the Ergonyms of Irkutsk: General and Specific Functions

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
S. N. Lokhov
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reference ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Company

The features of the application of pictographemic elements in the ergonomics of Irkutsk are discussed in the article. The trends in the study of creolized texts in modern linguistics are characterized. The basic means of the actual transformation of the ergonym form are noted. It is established that one of the means is a pictographeme, an image that combines the features of a grapheme and a pictogram. The reasons for the use of pictographemes in the structure of the word are considered on the example of the ergonyms of Irkutsk. The relevance of the study is due to the need to assess the effectiveness of the impact of pictographic tools on the audience. The novelty of the work is seen in the fact that a new factual material, the ergonyms of Irkutsk, was introduced into the circulation of linguistic research. This made it possible for the first time to consider the specifics of pictographemes as a new type of interaction on ergonomic material between verbal and visual components in “city writing”. The results of the analysis of the functioning of pictographemes in the ergonyms of Irkutsk are presented. The main function - the secondary explication of meaning, actualized primarily in the name of a company, institution or enterprise is established. It is revealed that this is due to the need to memorize the ergonym, as well as to ensure ease of perception. The classification of particular functions of pictographemes is proposed: 1) direct actualization of the name and indirect designation of the goods; 2) presentation and designation of goods by direct reference to the necessary subject area; 3) presentation of the properties of the proposed product due to building the necessary associative nomination for the author.

scholarly journals The Influence of Wild Boars on the Growth of Forest Trees and Stands: A Case Study of a Wild Boar Game Preserve/ A vaddisznó hatása a fák és a faállomány növekedésére - egy vaddisznóskert esettanulmánya

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Lebocký ◽  
Rudolf Petráš
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis research investigated methods for determining and quantifying the impact of wild boars on the increment and growth of forest trees and stands. The influence of wild boars on stand variables was observed in a wild game preserve established in central Slovakia in 2000 practicing intensive wild boar management. Long-term measurements obtained from two long-term research plots of sessile oak trees established in 1969 were used to monitor stand growth. Increments of trees were observed on tree ring cores coming from trees surrounded by differently damaged soil surfaces. Wild boars rooting the soil surface proved to have neither a positive nor negative influence on the mean diameter and height of the forest stands. Analysis of radial increments in 9 trees growing on sites with more intense, deeper, and permanent rooting in the soil profile located near a larger mud bath was also carried out. A more distinctive increment depression was found on one oak near the mud bath and on one beech where deeper soil surface rooting occurred.

scholarly journals The connection between antisocial creativity and values of students of pedagogical specialties

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ilia V. Egorov ◽  
Diana V. Naumova ◽  
Tatiana A. Pavlenko ◽  
Irina N. Rasskazova ◽  
Stepan A. Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Basic Beliefs

Scholars study various aspects of creativity: features of a creative personality; the impact of creativity on society; mechanisms and conditions for the development of creativity. Creativity is productive, makes the life of a person and society better, as well as promotes progress. At the same time, the phenomenon of creativity is not so definite since scholars distinguish such a variety as antisocial creativity, in which a person uses one’s creative potential against society and other people. This is reflected in specific research concerned with this phenomenon. It emphasizes the negative influence of the antisocial creativity of teachers on the forming personality of students and the effectiveness of education. The study objective is to study the antisocial creativity of future teachers and its connection with values and basic beliefs. The methods of testing, polling, mathematical statistics (correlation analysis) were used in the course of the study. This empirical study has revealed strong links between antisocial creativity and the age of respondents. As a result, antisocial creativity is connected with such values of social groups as conformism, tradition (inverse correlation); self-direction, power and achievement (direct correlation). A negative correlation with the humor scale allows the authors to conclude that this type of antisocial creativity is a kind of defense. For the first time, this ascertaining study has considered the specifics of antisocial creativity of students of pedagogical specialties with due regard to their beliefs and values. The promising areas of research on the antisocial creativity of future teachers include identifying both personal and social determinants of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals ECOSYSTEM APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: UKRAINIAN AUTHENTICITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (04) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Oksana VEKLYCH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Visual Classification ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
First Time

Conceptual clusters of “environmental pollution” and “economic damage from environmental pollution” are revealed and the low level of advancement of conceptual foundations of ecosystem approach in the practice of domestic economy is researched. Using ecosystem approach, the structuring of economic damage from environmental pollution by ecosystem objects of losses was carried out for the first time. This covers at least six ecosystem objects: (i) losses from degradation of biodiversity ecosystems; (ii) losses due to deterioration or destruction of ecosystem goods, services, functions; (iii) losses caused due to violation of the ecosystem’s assimilation potential; (iv) damage caused to the natural and economic complex; (v) losses from damage and destruction of bioresources segments of the national economy; (vi) losses caused to nature-oriented production or industry of the national economy. Scheme of structuring of economic damage from environmental pollution is presented. This scheme for the first time represents not only the groups of losses by ecosystem objects, but also a clear and most complete visual classification of the types of losses forming this economic damage. Their accounting will help to justify a more reliable overall economic damage caused to the national economy as a result of environmental pollution. It is shown that in practice there is an extremely disappointing situation with the application of the ecosystem approach for valuation of natural objects or damage from environmental pollution. The author proves accumulation of unresolved issues on implementation of the ecosystem approach when estimating the economic damage due to environmental pollution in terms of scientific, legal, methodical, normative and information processing. This requires not only appropriate powerful shifts and actions on the part of environmentalists, representatives of scientific community, legislative and executive bodies of the state power, but also intensification of educational work to deepen the ecological consciousness of the population, especially at the level of territorial communities.

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