scholarly journals Prevalence and factors promoting the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wyskida ◽  
Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis ◽  
Jerzy Chudek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Vitamin D deficiency affects a large part of the population of elderly people, especially women, who live in moderate climate countries due to a reduced amount of vitamin D in the diet (small sea fish consumption) and reduced content of 7-dehydrocholesterol, which causes decreased skin synthesis. The lowest seasonal concentration of 25(OH)D3 is usually observed during winter and spring. Sun exposure influences 25(OH)D3 concentration more strongly in men than in women.Sociodemographic factors that increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly include poor environmental conditions, low economic status, lower educational level, drug exposure (smoking), reduced physical activity, overall poor health and obesity, which causes reduced skin exposure to sunlight.The use of medications or supplements that contain vitamin D and staying in a nursing home that employ such supplementation are factors that prevent deficiency.Significant prevalence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol malabsorption or impair their liver transformation. In addition, the high incidence of chronic kidney disease in old age reduces processing hydroxylation of vitamin D and the formation of active metabolites.Vitamin D deficiency can not only cause bone mineralization disorders, but also increase incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes and depression.The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge about the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency development in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Hribar ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Matej Gregorič ◽  
Urška Blaznik ◽  
Katja Zaletel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Several studies conducted around the world showed substantial vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among different population groups. Sources of vitamin D in the human body include ultraviolet B (UVB)-light-induced biosynthesis and dietary intake, but people’s diets are often poor in vitamin D. Furthermore, in many regions, sun exposure and the intensity of UVB irradiation during wintertime are not sufficient for vitamin D biosynthesis. In Slovenia, epidemiological data about vitamin D status in the population were investigated through a national Nutrihealth study—an extension to the national dietary survey SI.Menu (2017/18). The study was conducted on a representative sample of 125 adult (18–64 years) and 155 elderly (65–74 years old) subjects, enrolled in the study in different seasons. Their vitamin D status was determined by measuring the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 25(OH)D levels below 30 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Altogether, 24.9% of the adults and 23.5% of the elderly were found to be vitamin D deficient, while an insufficient status was found in 58.2% and 62.9%, respectively. A particularly concerning situation was observed during extended wintertime (November–April); vitamin D deficiency was found in 40.8% and 34.6%, and insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 81.6% and 78.8%, respectively. The results of the study showed high seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D levels in both the adult and elderly population, with deficiency being especially pronounced during wintertime. The prevalence of this deficiency in Slovenia is among the highest in Europe and poses a possible public health risk that needs to be addressed with appropriate recommendations and/or policy interventions.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Severity of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and High Rates of Sun Exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMED.S39427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gondim ◽  
Ana Caribé ◽  
Karine Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Alexandre Dantas Segundo ◽  
Francisco Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum 25Ohd ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence shows that patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations have a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. Objective The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D as a predictor of the severity in diabetics with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A total of 166 patients were diagnosed with ACS. Serum 25OHD concentrations were analyzed, and risk factors for ACS were evaluated. Results Patients diagnosed as having acute myocardial infarction with elevation of the ST segment had a higher rate of 25OHD, <20 ng/mL compared to ≤30 ng/mL (47.8% × 13.4%, P = 0.03). Diabetics with vitamin D deficiency had more multivessel lesions in the coronary angiography than non-diabetics (69% × 31.8%, P = 0.007). After adjustments for confounders, serum 25OHD remained associated with more severe disease. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with more severe ACS and is a predictor of more extensive coronary lesions in patients with T2DM.

Paget’s Disease of Bone and Calcium Homeostasis: Focus on Bisphosphonate Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Polyzos ◽  
A. Anastasilakis ◽  
P. Makras ◽  
E. Terpos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Paget’S Disease Of Bone ◽  
Paget's Disease Of Bone

AbstractPaget’s disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common metabolic bone disease. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are currently the drugs of choice for PDB. PDB and osteomalacia are both common in the elderly. The concept of relative vitamin D deficiency in patients with PDB was suggested long ago, but it has not yet elucidated. Both diseases predispose to fractures, but their combined action to fragility has not been studied yet. The older BPs, mainly etidronate, further inhibit bone mineralization. Mineralization defects have also been described in patients with PDB treated with pamidronate. Moreover, hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism after treatment with BPs have been described in PDB. Hypocalcemia seems to be more severe after treatment with the more potent, intravenous zoledronic acid, which is currently the treatment of choice for PDB. The counteracting hyperparathyroidism pathophysiologically intends to increase renal reabsorption of calcium and 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D production and to stimulate osteoclasts in order to prevent long-term hypocalcemia. However, the effect of PTH on osteoclasts is, at least partly, restricted in patients taking BPs. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a potentially detrimental condition, especially in patients already suffering from another bone disease. Serum calcium and vitamin D deficiency should be restored before BP treatment and calcium and vitamin D administration should be possibly continued for longer after achieving normocalcemia, which may shorten the duration of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Mineralization defects and hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism have been described in patients with Paget’s disease of bone treated with bisphosphonates. Secondary hyperparathyroidism may be a potentially detrimental condition for patients with Paget’s disease of bone.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Amount of Sun Exposure in Young Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞÜKRİYE TAŞÇI KARAGÖL ◽  
sevil turhan ◽  
Hulya Coskun ◽  
Yusuf Bostan ◽  
Raziye yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective: Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for bone mineralization and its deficiency adversely affects many systems, predominantly the musculoskeletal system. A lack of synthesis in the skin is the key step that predominantly causes vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D synthesis can be affected by numerous factors including geographical region of residence, seasons, monthly average daily global horizontal solar radiation (MADGHSR), monthly average daily sunshine duration (MADSD), ethnic group of the individual. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and MADSD and MADGHSR values in young women. Methods: The retrospective study included women aged 15-45 years, who presented to Secondary Care Hospital for general health screening. Vitamin D levels were classified according to age groups, months, seasons, MADGHSR and MADSD values. Results: The mean vitamin D level was 17.3±7.3 ng/mL in summer and was 15.9±7.5 ng/mL in winter (p=0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was detected in 68.1% as opposed to 75.1% of women in summer and winter, respectively (p<0.001). A weak correlation was found between vitamin D level and age (r=0.082, p=0.002), MADGHSR (r=0.062, p=0.006), and MADSD (r=0.075, p=0.001). Conclusion: The individual and environmental factors with the MADGHSR, MADSD have a direct effect on sun exposure. The traditional and religious clothing habits of our participants constituted the most important factor contributing to their low vitamin D levels. We propose that routine vitamin D supplementation at optimal doses will be an appropriate approach in populations similar to the population studied in the present study.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and its Effects on Tooth Structure and pulpal changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Lingam Amara Swapna ◽  
Rasheed Abdulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tooth Mineralization ◽  
Dentin Formation

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that produced primarily by sunlight exposure or obtained from dietary sources, including supplements. The persons who are normally at risk of Vitamin D deficiency are those with scarce of sun exposure and diminished intestinal absorption or limited oral intake. Teeth are nothing but mineralized structure which is enclosed by alveolar bone and are developed by 3 different hard tissues such as dentin, enamel, and cementum. Vitamin D plays a predominant vital part in the tooth and bone mineralization, and it can result in rachitic tooth when the levels get unregulated. Studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency causes hypocalcified dentin and delayed tooth eruption; thus, representing that Vitamin D has a crucial role in dentin formation as well. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health are not only limited to the direct effects on the tooth mineralization but are also applied through ability to stimulate the production of anti-microbial peptides. In this article, we will briefly discuss the influence on Vitamin D level on the oral and pulpal health.

Vitamin D3 supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from an Italian clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Derosa ◽  
Angela D’Angelo ◽  
Chiara Martinotti ◽  
Maria Chiara Valentino ◽  
Sergio Di Matteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract. Background: to evaluate the effects of Vitamin D3 on glyco-metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients with Vitamin D deficiency. Methods: one hundred and seventeen patients were randomized to placebo and 122 patients to Vitamin D3. We evaluated anthropometric parameters, glyco-metabolic control, and parathormone (PTH) value at baseline, after 3, and 6 months. Results: a significant reduction of fasting, and post-prandial glucose was recorded in Vitamin D3 group after 6 months. A significant HbA1c decrease was observed in Vitamin D3 (from 7.6% or 60 mmol/mol to 7.1% or 54 mmol) at 6 months compared to baseline, and to placebo (p < 0.05 for both). At the end of the study period, we noticed a change in the amount in doses of oral or subcutaneous hypoglycemic agents and insulin, respectively. The use of metformin, acarbose, and pioglitazone was significantly lower (p = 0.037, p = 0.048, and p = 0.042, respectively) than at the beginning of the study in the Vitamin D3 therapy group. The units of Lispro, Aspart, and Glargine insulin were lower in the Vitamin D3 group at the end of the study (p = 0.031, p = 0.037, and p = 0.035, respectively) than in the placebo group. Conclusions: in type 2 diabetic patients with Vitamin D deficiency, the restoration of value in the Vitamin D standard has led not only to an improvement in the glyco-metabolic compensation, but also to a reduced posology of some oral hypoglycemic agents and some types of insulin used.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Intoxication - A concern either way

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Muzafar Maqsood Wani ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Wani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Biologic Function

Major biologic function of activated vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, thus regulating bone mineralization. Research suggests that vitamin D may help in immunomodulation, regulating cell growth and 1,4 differentiation as well as some diverse unspecified functions. Overt vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which in prolonged and severe cases may cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in elderly.... JMS 2011;14(2):40-42

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