scholarly journals STUDY OF DEGRADATION AND GRANULAR FLOW PROCESSES USING X-RAY IMAGING

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Laurent Babout ◽  
Krzysztof Grudzień ◽  
Marcin Janaszewski ◽  
Łukasz Jopek
Keyword(s):  
Granular Flow ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Volumetric Images ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Micro Tomography

This paper reviews the work that has been done in the past 10 years at the Lodz University of technology about the visualization and the quantification of phenomena related to degradation processes (i.e. stress corrosion cracking in stainless steel, fatigue crack in titanium alloys) in engineering materials as well as granular flow in silos using X-ray imaging (i.e. radiography and (micro)tomography). Besides presenting the experimental protocols, the paper also presents the image processing strategies that have been applied to enable the extraction of characteristic parameters from the volumetric images.

Design, development and first experiments on the X-ray imaging beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron source RRCAT, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Agrawal ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
Y. S. Kashyap ◽  
M. Shukla ◽  
P. S. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Micro Tomography

A full-field hard X-ray imaging beamline (BL-4) was designed, developed, installed and commissioned recently at the Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source at RRCAT, Indore, India. The bending-magnet beamline is operated in monochromatic and white beam mode. A variety of imaging techniques are implemented such as high-resolution radiography, propagation- and analyzer-based phase contrast imaging, real-time imaging, absorption and phase contrast tomographyetc. First experiments on propagation-based phase contrast imaging and micro-tomography are reported.

MTF, NPS and DQE characterization of an in-house developed X-ray imaging detector for synchrotron based micro-tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. C06001-C06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desjardins ◽  
M Bordessoule ◽  
C Petrache ◽  
C Menneglier ◽  
D Dallé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Detector ◽  
Micro Tomography

scholarly journals Segmentation of Covid-19 Affected X-Ray Image using K-means and DPSO Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1275
Author(s):  
Roopa Kumari ◽  
Neena Gupta ◽  
Narender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Local Minima ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
The Past ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Covid-19, a disease that originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread across almost the entire globe. Pneumonia, which infects the lungs, is one of the symptoms of this disease. In the past X-ray images were used to segment various diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, or lung cancer. Recent studies showed that Covid-19 affects the lungs. As a result, an X-ray imaging could help to detect and diagnose Covid-19 infection. This study presents a novel hybrid algorithm (CHDPSOK) for segmenting a Covid-19 infected X-ray image. To find Covid-19 contamination in the lungs, we use a segmentation-based approach using K-means and Dynamic PSO algorithm. In the present paper, segmentation of infected regions in the X-ray image uses a cumulative histogram to initialize the population of the PSO algorithm. In a dynamic PSO algorithm, the velocity of the particle changes dynamically which is useful to avoid the local minima. K-means is used to change the position of the particle dynamically for better convergence. To validate the segmentation performance of our algorithm, we used the Kaggle dataset in our experiments. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results explicitly demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Effect of X-ray irradiation on ancient DNA in sub-fossil bones – Guidelines for safe X-ray imaging

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Immel ◽  
Adeline Le Cabec ◽  
Marion Bonazzi ◽  
Alexander Herbig ◽  
Heiko Temming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Synchrotron Imaging ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Dose Levels

AbstractSub-fossilised remains may still contain highly degraded ancient DNA (aDNA) useful for palaeogenetic investigations. Whether X-ray computed [micro-] tomography ([μ]CT) imaging of these fossils may further damage aDNA remains debated. Although the effect of X-ray on DNA in living organisms is well documented, its impact on aDNA molecules is unexplored.Here we investigate the effects of synchrotron X-ray irradiation on aDNA from Pleistocene bones. A clear correlation appears between decreasing aDNA quantities and accumulating X-ray dose-levels above 2000 Gray (Gy). We further find that strong X-ray irradiation reduces the amount of nucleotide misincorporations at the aDNA molecule ends. No representative effect can be detected for doses below 200 Gy. Dosimetry shows that conventional μCT usually does not reach the risky dose level, while classical synchrotron imaging can degrade aDNA significantly. Optimised synchrotron protocols and simple rules introduced here are sufficient to ensure that fossils can be scanned without impairing future aDNA studies.

scholarly journals The emerging role of 4D synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography for climate and fossil energy studies: five experiments showing the present capabilities at beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Voltolini ◽  
Abdelmoula Haboub ◽  
Shan Dou ◽  
Tae-Hyuk Kwon ◽  
Alastair A. MacDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Oil Shale Pyrolysis ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources

Continuous improvements at X-ray imaging beamlines at synchrotron light sources have made dynamic synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (SXR-µCT) experiments more routinely available to users, with a rapid increase in demand given its tremendous potential in very diverse areas. In this work a survey of five different four-dimensional SXR-µCT experiments is presented, examining five different parameters linked to the evolution of the investigated system, and tackling problems in different areas in earth sciences. SXR-µCT is used to monitor the microstructural evolution of the investigated sample with the following variables: (i) high temperature, observingin situoil shale pyrolysis; (ii) low temperature, replicating the generation of permafrost; (iii) high pressure, to study the invasion of supercritical CO2in deep aquifers; (iv) uniaxial stress, to monitor the closure of a fracture filled with proppant, in shale; (v) reactive flow, to observe the evolution of the hydraulic properties in a porous rock subject to dissolution. For each of these examples, it is shown how dynamic SXR-µCT was able to provide new answers to questions related to climate and energy studies, highlighting the significant opportunities opened recently by the technique.

X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography for Quantitative Characterisation of Self-Healing Polymers

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2322-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheridan Mayo ◽  
Andrew Stevenson ◽  
Stephen Wilkins ◽  
Da Chao Gao ◽  
Steven Mookhoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Characterisation ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

X-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography add an additional dimension to conventional x-ray methods by exploiting the x-ray refraction effects in addition to x-ray absorption in forming an image. This greatly enhances the visibility of edges, voids and boundaries within a sample. It also makes it possible to characterise weakly x-ray absorbing samples which would produce little or no contrast in conventional x-ray imaging. Here we described the application of a laboratory-based x-ray phase-contrast microscope to x-ray micro-tomography of a self-healing polymer system and the quantitative analysis of the resulting three dimensional (3D) datasets to better understand the healing and ageing processes.

scholarly journals The white beam station at imaging beamline BL-4, Indus-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Agrawal ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Payal Singhai ◽  
Yogesh Kashyap ◽  
Mayank Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
X Ray ◽  
White Beam ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Micro Tomography

The high flux density of synchrotron white beam offers several advantages in X-ray imaging such as higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in 3D/4D micro-tomography, higher frame rate in real-time imaging of transient phenomena, and higher penetration in thick and dense materials especially at higher energies. However, these advantages come with additional challenges to beamline optics, camera and sample due to increased heat load and radiation damage, and to personal safety due to higher radiation dose and ozone gas hazards. In this work, a white beam imaging facility at imaging beamline BL-4, Indus-2, has been developed, while taking care of various instrumental and personal safety challenges. The facility has been tested to achieve 1.5 µm spatial resolution, increased penetration depth up to 900 µm in steel, and high temporal resolutions of ∼10 ms (region of interest 2048 × 2048 pixels) and 70 µs (256 × 2048 pixels). The facility is being used successfully for X-ray imaging, non-destructive testing and dosimetry experiments.

The Ascent of 3D X-ray Microscopy in the Laboratory

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno P. Merkle ◽  
Jeff Gelb
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
X Ray Imaging

X rays are universally valued for their ability to penetrate opaque objects. It is only within the past few decades that their short wavelengths have also been exploited to provide 3D imaging of the objects' interiors with resolution well beyond that of light microscopy (LM) in a wide variety of applications. This article explores X-ray imaging as a quantitative sub-micron nanoscale microscopy technique, and specifically its emergent role within the context of the central microscopy laboratory.

scholarly journals Review of Russian regulatory documents on the organization and functioning of offices and departments of magnetic resonance imaging.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Smirnov ◽  
Dmitriy S. Semenov ◽  
Ekaterina S. Ahkmad ◽  
Anna N. Khoruzhaya ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Kruchinin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Diagnostic studies carried out using any medical equipment require comprehensive control, which is provided by a number of regulatory documents. Particular attention is paid to X-ray imaging methods, but in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one can notice both the lack of this attention and the multidirectional efforts to normalize. This is understandable - this diagnostic method is not based on the use of ionizing radiation, and although magnetic fields have some effect on human health, especially on personnel who work in MRI rooms all the time, they are safe for patients who come to the diagnostic procedure from time to time. time and do not have in their body foreign metal (steel implants) or electronic (pacemakers, neurostimulators) objects. However, ignorance and non-compliance with both advisory and mandatory requirements can significantly increase the risk of harm to patients or staff, as well as lead to a decrease in the quality of imaging and diagnostics. A separate feature of the field of MRI regulation is that over the past decades, more than a dozen different standards, sanitary norms, rules, letters and recommendations have been published or revised, a significant part of which complement or duplicate each other, or completely contradict each other. As a result, the need to ensure compliance of the MRI room / department with the requirements of regulatory documents is greatly complicated. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory documentation in force in Russia related to the organization and functioning of an MRI room / department, highlights the aspects that are most important from the point of view of safe and high-quality operation, and formulates the steps necessary to modernize the system, both from the point of view of the quality of diagnostics. and the safety of MRI studies.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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