scholarly journals PPARα and PPARγ as main regulators of fatty acid metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kucharski ◽  
Urszula Kaczor
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Natural Ligands ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
The Impact

PPARα and PPARγ nuclear receptors are transcription factors responsible for regulating the expression of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism genes. PPAR receptors are distinguished by their capability to efficiently bind a number of synthetic or natural ligands. Genes encoding PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in many tissues and organs, including in the adipose tissue. Changes in the expression of these genes are dependent on many factors, such as the impact of other genes and fatty acids. PPARα and PPARγ proteins are - due to their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the key role they play in lipid metabolism ‒ important for human health. This is especially true with regards to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or those accompanied by a metabolic syndrome ‒ type II diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension.

CEMTIRESTAT ATTENUATED NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS IN RAT MODELS OF TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES: A BEHAVIORAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Marta Šoltésová Prnová ◽  
Karol Švík ◽  
Štefan Bezek ◽  
Lucia Kovaciková ◽  
Cimen Karasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rat Models

scholarly journals Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marouane Boukhris ◽  
Salvatore Davide Tomasello ◽  
Francesco Marzà ◽  
Sonia Bregante ◽  
Francesca Romana Pluchinotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
The Impact

Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death in postmenopausal women (PMW); moreover its mortality exceeds those for breast cancer in women at all ages. Type II diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor and there is some evidence that the risk conferred by diabetes is greater in women than in men. It was established that the deficiency of endogenous estrogens promotes the atherosclerosis process. However, the impact of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on cardiovascular prevention remains controversial. Some authors strongly recommend it, whereas others revealed a concerning trend toward harm. This review tries to underlines the different components of cardiovascular risk in diabetic PMW and to define the place of ERT.

scholarly journals Baseline cardiometabolic profiles and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Scalsky ◽  
Yi-Ju Chen ◽  
Karan Desai ◽  
Jeffery R. O’Connell ◽  
James A. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Background SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly spreading coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, which is characterized by severe respiratory infection. Many factors have been identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, with much early attention being paid to body mass index (BMI), which is a well-known cardiometabolic risk factor. Objective This study seeks to examine the impact of additional baseline cardiometabolic risk factors including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes on the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in UK Biobank (UKB) study participants. Methods We examined the effect of BMI, lipid profiles, diabetes and alcohol intake on the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 among 9,005 UKB participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16 through July 14, 2020. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and ancestry. Results Higher BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 odds (p < 0.05) while HDL-C and ApoA-I were associated with decreased odds (p < 0.001). Though the effect of BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were eliminated when HDL-C was controlled, the effect of HDL-C remained significant when BMI was controlled for. LDL-C, ApoB and triglyceride levels were not found to be significantly associated with increased odds. Conclusion Elevated HDL-C and ApoA-I levels were associated with reduced odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, while higher BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased odds. The effects of BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c levels were no longer significant after controlling for HDL-C, suggesting that these effects may be mediated in part through regulation of HDL-C levels. In summary, our study suggests that baseline HDL-C level may be useful for stratifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and corroborates the emerging picture that HDL-C may confer protection against sepsis in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular.

scholarly journals Burning issues in the prevention of heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
J. A. Ker ◽  
K. Outhoff
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Chronic heart failure is common, debilitating, and often the culmination of pervasive cardiovascular insults that systematically undermine the heart’s circulatory capacity and invoke counterproductive neuro-hormonal compensatory changes. Prevention of chronic heart failure therefore requires minimising the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with incisive treatment of hypertension and type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and prompt lifestyle interventions for smoking, lack of exercise, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. This review is narrative, with selected emphasis on major studies, rather than structured on a specific clinical question, and should be read as such.

Cottage cheese in a diet – a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pozzobon ◽  
Clément Pozzobon
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Cottage is a protein-rich food which is commonly consumed by people targeting weight reduction and athletes willing to eat whole-food instead of protein supplements. Yet out of common knowledge, the scientific community lacks solid evidences of the effect of the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet. The purpose of this paper is to assess the evidences from scientific literature of the impact of inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet. Design/methodology/approach PubMed and Web of Science were searched for scientific literature dealing with “cottage cheese” and “diet.” There was no restriction regarding the type article type, date nor journal it is published in. References found to during the analysis of the articles extracted from database were also included. Studies search, screening and eligibility analysis were led in parallel by two independent reviewers. Findings This survey shows that cottage cheese is a good source of calcium (with 83 mg/100 g) – but not low fat cottage cheese because of its low vitamin S content (p < 0.001) –, a source of probiotic (1 serving providing the recommended dietary intake), a source of high quality proteins, reduces postprandial blood glucose level – healthy and type II diabetes subjects – (p < 0.05), is not linked to increased cardiovascular diseases nor cancer risks (p < 0.05). Originality/value Based on the findings reported in this review, the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet can be advised for: women to build up calcium storage to fight osteoporosis; more generally calcium/vitamin D deficient subjects; athletes willing to increase their high-quality proteins intake through whole food consumption; dieters looking for low energy, high protein, high satiety food; untreated type II diabetes patients by reducing postprandial glucose level.

The possible role of Saponin in Type-II Diabetes- A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Choudhary ◽  
Gopal Lal Khatik ◽  
Ashish Suttee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Background: The possible role of secondary metabolites in the management of diabetes is a great concern and constant discussion. This characteristic seems relevant and should be the subject of thorough discussion with respect to saponin. Objective: Current data mainly focus on the impact of saponin in the treatment of type-II diabetes. The majority of studies emphasis on other secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and flavonoids but very few papers are there representing the possible role of saponin as these papers express the narrow perspective of saponin phytoconstituents but lacking in providing the complete information on various saponin plants. The aim of the study was to summarize all available data concerning the saponin containing plant in the management of type-II diabetes. Methods: All relevant papers on saponin were selected. This review summarizes the saponins isolation method, mechanism of action, clinical significance, medicinal plants and phytoconstituents responsible for producing a therapeutic effect in the management of diabetes. Results: The saponin is of high potential with structural diversity and inhibits diabetic complications along with reducing the hyperglycemia through different mechanisms thereby providing scope for improving the existing therapy and developing the novel medicinal agents for curing diabetes. Conclusion: Saponins having potential therapeutic benefits and are theorized as an alternative medication in decreasing serum blood glucose levels in the patient suffering from diabetes.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE AND MENTAL HEALTH OF PEOPLE WITH TYPE II DIABETES IN RURALAREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Jagannathan ◽  
Kannan Ramiah ◽  
Valarmathy Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background:For populations with chronic disease, measurement of QOLprovides a meaningful way to determine the impact of health care when cure is not possible. Revicki and colleagues (2000) dene QOL as "a broad range of human experiences related to one's overall well-being. It implies value based on subjective functioning in comparison with personal expectations and is dened by subjective experiences, states and perceptions. The World Health Organization (2010) denes mental health as a state of positive mental condition in which one realizes his/her capabilities, manages the life stresses, put effort effectively and efciently, and is competent enough to put some contribution to his/her society. According to mental health model (Veit & Ware, 1983), there are two components of mental health, rst is psychological well-being and the other is psychological distress. Therefore, studying the relationship between quality of life and mental health of People with type II diabetes will reveal that to what extend a good quality of life have a relationship in maintaining better mental health in order to cope up with diabetes complications. Objective:The present study was undertaken to know the relationship between quality of life and mental health of people with Type II diabetes. Sample: 30 Type II diabetes were selected from the Diabetes Management Clinic in Rural areas for the assessment of quality of life and mental health. Methodology:The quality of life was assessed using “The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS)” by John Flanagan (1970) and Mental health was assessed using “Mental health inventory (MHI)-18 items by Veit and ware (1983). Finding and Conclusion: The study revealed that there is a signicant relationship between quality of life and mental health of people with Type II diabetes

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