Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

Mechanical properties of unidirectional aligned bagasse fibers/vinyl ester composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyanar Athijayamani ◽  
Balasubramaniam Stalin ◽  
Susaiyappan Sidhardhan ◽  
Azeez Batcha Alavudeen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study describes the preparation of aligned unidirectional bagasse fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (BFRVE) composites and their mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, shear and impact strength. Composites were prepared by a hand lay-up technique developed in our laboratory with the help of a hot press. Mechanical properties were obtained for different fiber contents by varying the number of layers. The obtained tensile property values were compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the tensile strength increased linearly up to 44 wt% and then dropped. However, the tensile modulus increased linearly from 17 wt% to 60 wt%. In the case of flexural properties, the flexural strength increased up to 53 wt% and started to decrease. However, the flexural modulus also increased linearly up to 60 wt%. The impact strength values were higher than the matrix materials for all the specimens. The short beam shear strength values were also increased up to 53 wt% and then dropped. The modified Bowyer and Bader (MBB) model followed by the Hirsch model shows a very good agreement with experimental results in both tensile strength and modulus.

scholarly journals Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Damage Tolerance in Polymer-Mineral Multilayer Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Johannes Wiener ◽  
Hannes Kaineder ◽  
Otmar Kolednik ◽  
Florian Arbeiter
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Pure Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Multilayered Material ◽  
The Impact

Talcum reinforced polypropylene was enhanced with a soft type of polypropylene in order to increase the impact strength and damage tolerance of the material. The soft phase was incorporated in the form of continuous interlayers, where the numbers of layers ranged from 64 to 2048. A blend with the same material composition (based on wt% of the used materials) and the pure matrix material were investigated for comparison. A plateau in impact strength was reached by layered architectures, where the matrix layer thickness was as small or smaller than the largest talcum particles. The most promising layered architecture, namely, 512 layers, was subsequently investigated more thoroughly using instrumented Charpy experiments and tensile testing. In these tests, normalised parameters for stiffness and strength were obtained in addition to the impact strength. The multilayered material showed remarkable impact strength, fracture energy and damage tolerance. However, stiffness and strength were reduced due to the addition of the soft phase. It could be shown that specimens under bending loads are very compliant due to a stress-decoupling effect between layers that specifically reduces bending stiffness. This drawback could be avoided under tensile loading, while the increase in toughness remained high.

Effect of High Temperature on Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Aluminium/Boron Carbide Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1046
Author(s):  
X. Canute ◽  
M. C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
High Temperature Wear ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThe need for development of high temperature wear resistant composite materials with superior mechanical properties and tribological properties is increasing significantly. The high temperature wear properties of aluminium boron carbide composites was evaluated in this investigation. The effect of load, sliding velocity, temperature and reinforcement percentage on wear rate was determined by the pin heating method using pin heating arrangement. The size and structure of base alloy particles change considerably with an increase of boron carbide particles. The wettability and interface bonding between the matrix and reinforcement enhanced by the addition of potassium flurotitanate. ANOVA technique was used to study the effect of input parameters on wear rate. The investigation reveals that the load had higher significance than sliding velocity, temperature and weight fraction. The pin surface was studied with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Regression analysis revealed an extensive association between control parameters and response. The developed composites can be used in the production of automobile parts requiring high wear, frictional and thermal resistance.

Effect of peanut and walnut shells powders on tensile properties and morphological test by using heat cured PMMA as a matrix for prosthetic Denture

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2A) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Abdul Monem ◽  
Jawad K. Oleiwi ◽  
Qahtan A. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Peanut Shells ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Material Powder

In the current Research , the heat cured   matrix material powder of PMMA was reinforced with peanut and walnut shells (natural powders) which are chemically treated with 5% (w/v) (NaOH) to improve the matrix bonding (PMMA) before being used as a reinforcing powder and adding to exactly similar averages particle sizes ≤ (53µm), with different weight fractions of (4, 8, and 12 wt.%). The ASTM D638 is used for composite specimens of the tensile test. The results indicated that the Elastic modulus values reached its maximum value at (8 wt.%.) when reinforced with peanut shells particles (1.053Gpa) , while ,the values of tensile strength, elongation percentage at break, decrease as the weight fraction of peanut and walnut shells powder increase and the lowest values is obtained by reinforcing with peanut shells particles to reach their minimum values at (12 wt.%.) where the lowest values of them are (29 MPa, 2.758% ) respectively. The fracture surface morphology of pure PMMA seemed to be homogenous morphology in (SEM) test, whereas the fracture surface morphology of PMMA composite reinforced by (peanut and walnut shells) powders and shows a roughness fracture surface morphology this refer to semi ductile to ductile materials.

Mechanics of the Segmentation of an Embedded Fiber, Part I: Experimental Investigations

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ten Busschen ◽  
A. P. S. Selvadurai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Micromechanical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Region ◽  
Interface Bond

Micromechanical modeling is an important aspect in the study of fiber-reinforced composites. In such studies, an important class of structural parameters is formed by the interaction between the matrix and the embedded fibers. These interactive processes can be investigated by an appeal to a test which involves the segmentation of an embedded fiber. This test is referred to as a “fragmentation test.” During a fragmentation test, two distinct fracture phenomena are observed. These phenomena are directly related to the integrity of bond between the embedded fiber and the matrix. The first phenomenon involves situations where the interface bond is weaker than the matrix material. In this case the fiber fragment ends will slip and in this region shear stresses are transmitted by friction and/or interlocking mechanical actions. In contrast, when the interface bond has stronger properties than the matrix material, cracking will occur in the matrix region. Here, a crack initiated in the fiber will propagate into the matrix region typically forming conoidal cracks, or combinations of conoidal and flat cracks. This paper describes the background of the fragmentation test and the associated experimental research. Attention is focused on the experimental evaluation of matrix fracture topographies encountered in the fragmentation test.

scholarly journals Functional Application for the Corn Leaf Fibre to Make Reinforced Polymer Composites Sheet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramratan Guru ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rohit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Composite Product

This research work has mainly utilized agricultural waste material to make a good-quality composite sheet product of the profitable, pollution free, economical better for farmer and industries. In this study, from corn leaf fibre to reinforced epoxy composite product has been utilized with minimum 35 to maximum range 55% but according to earlier studies, pulp composite material was used in minimum 10 to maximum 27%. Natural fibre-based composites are under intensive study due to their light weight, eco-friendly nature and unique properties. Due to the continuous supply, easy of handling, safety and biodegradability, natural fibre is considered as better alternative in replacing many structural and non-structural components. Corn leaf fibre pulp can be new source of raw material to the industries and can be potential replacement for the expensive and non-renewable synthetic fibre. Corn leaf fibre as the filler material and epoxy as the matrix material were used by changing reinforcement weight fraction. Composites were prepared using hand lay-up techniques by maintaining constant fibre and matrix volume fraction. The sample of the composites thus fabricated was subjected to tensile, impact test for finding the effect of corn husk in different concentrations.

Fabrication and Characterization of A356-Basalt Ash-Fly Ash Composites Processed by Stir Casting Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Venkatachalam ◽  
A. Kumaravel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
The Matrix

This paper presents the characterization of A356 composite reinforced with fly ash and basalt ash produced by stir casting method. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMC) are used in wide variety of applications such as structural, aerospace, marine, automotive etc. Stir casting is cost effective manufacturing process and it is useful to enhance the attractive properties of AMCs. Three sets of hybrid AMC are prepared by varying the weight fraction of the reinforcements (3% basalt + 7% fly ash, 5% basalt + 5% fly, 7% basalt + 3% fly ash). The effect of reinforcements on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites such as hardness, tensile, compressive and impact strength were studied. The obtained results reveal that tensile, compressive and impact strength was increased when weight fraction of fly ash increased, whereas the hardness increases when weight fraction of the basalt ash increased. Microscopic study reveals the dispersion of the reinforcements in the matrix.

Effects of microcrystalline cellulose on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmad Mubarak ◽  
Raghda Talal Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldpe Composites ◽  
The Impact

This work was intended to provide an understanding of the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The impact resistance and the tensile properties of low-density LDPE/MCC composites were investigated. The weight fraction of MCC was varied at (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%). The obtained blends were then used to prepare the required tensile and impact testing samples by hot compression molding technique. It has been found that MCC has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of LDPE. At a low MCC weight fraction, there was a little improvement in the ultimate strength, fracture stress, and elongation at break, but at a high MCC weight fraction, the tensile properties were deteriorated and reduced significantly. The addition of 1 wt% MCC to LDPE enhanced the mentioned properties by 10, 25, and 6%, respectively. While at 30 wt% MCC, these properties were lowered by 36, 25, and 96%. The elastic modulus of LDPE composites was improved on all MCC weight fractions used in the study, at 20 wt% MCC, an increase in the elastic modulus by 12 folds was achieved. On the other hand and compared with the impact strength of pure LDPE, the addition of MCC particles enhanced the impact strength, the highest value obtained was for LDPE composites filled with 10 wt% MCC where the impact strength enhanced by two folds.

Hybrid effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay as fillers on the performances of recycled wood-plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7671-7686
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Seo ◽  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Birm-June Kim ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Qinglin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Impact

Waste wood-plastic composite (WPC) was used in this work as a raw material to produce recycled WPCs reinforced with carbon fiber and nanoclay. To evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay, various performances (i.e., microstrucural, mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and electrical properties) were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction analysis of the fillers (carbon fiber and nanoclay) present in the recycled WPCs showed that the nanoclays were properly intercalated when filled with carbon fibers. According to mechanical property analysis, hybrid incorporation of carbon fibers and nanoclays improved impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. However, further incorporation of nanoclays reduced the impact strength and did not improve the tensile modulus or the flexural modulus. The carbon fibers present in the recycled WPCs improved the electrical conductivity of the composites, despite the various fillers that interfered with their electrical conduction. In addition, carbon fibers and nanoclays were mixed into the recycled WPCs to improve the thermal stability of the composites. Finally, the presence of nanoclays in recycled WPCs led to increased water uptake of the composites.

Effect of surface treatment of natural reinforcement on thermal and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network-based biocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Jagesh Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Sudipta Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Vinyl Silane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fibre Loading

Kenaf fibre-reinforced vinyl ester (VE)/polyurethane (PU) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-based composites were made by hand lay-up technique. The kenaf bast fibre was chemically treated with 3, 6 and 9% vinyl silane. Treated fibres were characterized in terms of crystallinity, mechanical strength, density, thermal property and morphology. In comparison with the untreated fibre, 6% silane-treated fibres showed 25.4% higher % crystallinity, 66.9% increase in modulus elasticity and 604.2% increase in tenacity. Comparison of the pure VE with VE/PU IPN showed that the IPN had 3.3% lower modulus but 26.4% higher toughness than the former. Composites based on pure VE matrix and VE/PU IPN matrix were manufactured with the variation of untreated and treated fibre loading as 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 wt%. Novelty of this work lies in the modification of both the fibre surface and the matrix system simultaneously with the aim of increasing the adhesion between the fibre surface and matrix material of the composite. Composites with untreated fibres showed poor strength compared to that with modified fibres having corresponding compositions. IPN-based composites, with 35 wt% silane-treated fibre, showed improvement in tensile modulus by 16.61% and flexural modulus by 6.35% than pure VE-based composites with corresponding fibre loading.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document