DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY FARMS BREEDING ANIMALS OF CONSERVATIVE BREEDS 
IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

The aim of the research was to determine the role and significance of natural, economic and social conditions influencing the development of family farms keeping animals of conservative breeds in conditions of sustainable agriculture. Family farms are conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture, particularly in farms which keep animals of conservative breeds. These breeds are well adapted to local, often difficult, environmental and climatic conditions, have a high reproductive capacity and high survival rate, and the products obtained from them have a high nutritional value. Conservation breeds are suitable for traditional breeding on family farms that farm in harmony with the natural and social environment. The research was carried out in family farms in south-eastern Poland. Taking into account the functions performed by family farms, especially those of small scale production, and the influence of various factors on their development, an evaluation of changes from a structural, social and environmental point of view was carried out in this study. In order to achieve the assumed objectives, the following research methods were used: indicator method, descriptive method, vertical and horizontal comparative method, cause and effect analysis. Research has shown that conservation breeds are well adapted to local environmental conditions; they can be maintained on poor fodder resources on the basis of permanent grassland, enabling areas of high landscape value to be managed and protected, and their products are of high quality. Family farms with conservative breeds also influence natural and landscape features as well as social and cultural features of a given region.

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ENERGY EFFICIENT NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGIES IN LOW-TONNAGE PLANTS: UKRAINE’S PROSPECTS

Energy Technologies & Resource Saving ◽

10.33070/etars.1.2020.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

H.V. Zhuk ◽

O.I. Pyatnichko ◽

L.R. Onopa ◽

Yu.V. Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Point Of View ◽

Small Scale ◽

Refrigeration Cycle ◽

Scale Production ◽

Refrigeration Equipment ◽

Natural Gas Liquefaction ◽

Production Wells ◽

Alternative Sources

Along with the growth of natural gas consumption in the world, small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is developing at a faster pace. It opens up the possibility of LNG obtaining and transporting as a commodity product at remote from gas networks fields or wells, and also at low-production wells and alternative sources of methane-containing gas. The development of modern technologies for natural gas liquefaction has been studied and the liquefaction cycles used in the low-tonnage scale have been classified. In Ukraine, rather large reserves of natural gas are found in small as well as depleted fields, so the problem of energy efficient technologies for liquefaction and transportation of their hydrocarbon resources creating is of particular relevance. For the development of such low-resource fields, liquefaction units operating on the compression-throttle cycle are most suitable. Energy efficient technological schemes of natural gas liquefaction plants have been developed: in the high-pressure throttle-ejector cycle with pre-cooling using a propane refrigerating machine and in the middle-pressure throttle cycle with ethane refrigeration cycle and the recovery of part of the liquefied gas. Optimum parameters of the refrigeration cycle and the whole plant are obtained from the point of view of minimizing the specific energy costs. The advantages of the proposed throttle schemes are simplicity, reliability, that are results from the use of standard compressor and refrigeration equipment, and energy efficiency of 0.5 kWh/kg LNG, which is sufficiently high for low-tonnage LNG production. Ref. 20, Fig. 6, Tab.1.

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Contemporary Quests and Struggles of Small-Scale Family Farms toward Sustainable Agriculture in Thailand

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n5p1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yuichiro Amekawa

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Rural Society ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Small Scale ◽

Industrial Agriculture ◽

Family Farms ◽

Integrated Farming ◽

Scale Family ◽

Family Agriculture ◽

Small Scale Farmers

<p>One of the pillars of Thai Studies is to examine Thai rural society and culture, especially that of small-scale farmers who comprise the majority of rural agriculturalists in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the characteristics and challenges of contemporary Thai rural society through elucidating the pursuit and struggles of small-scale family farms toward ‘sustainable agriculture’ in the context of deepening social and environmental challenges associated with modern industrial agriculture. For this objective, an overview is presented with regard to the characteristics of small-scale family agriculture in Thailand, followed by accounts of the contemporary circumstances of integrated farming, organic farming, and public good agricultural practices in which small-scale family farms have been involved.</p>

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QFD TOOLS EFFICIENCY IN BUSINESS EXCELLENCE RELATED TO SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION

International Journal Advanced Quality ◽

10.25137/ijaq.n1.v46.y2018.p27-31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Miloš Vorkapić ◽

Siniša Minić ◽

Bogdan Popović

Keyword(s):

Process Improvement ◽

New Product ◽

Point Of View ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Modular Architecture ◽

Business Excellence ◽

Efficiency Increase ◽

Materials Recycling ◽

Product Realization

An overview of the application of QFD tools through the application of modular architecture in the new product realization is presented in this paper. The QFD application can be considered as an engineering method in the analysis of the buyer's desires and business opportunities in business excellence. The application of modular architecture in product design provides the realization of new and diverse products suitable for re-use as well as for materials recycling. From this point of view, we have tried to explain the significance of the new Lean philosophy from the aspect of re-use of products, reduction of waste and employees’ efficiency increase. In this regard, the QFD tool represents the link between design and production process improvement.

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Thermodynamic and Cost Analysis of a Solar Dish Power Plant in Spain Hybridized with a Micro-Gas Turbine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13195178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 5178

Author(s):

Judit García-Ferrero ◽

Irene Heras ◽

María Jesús Santos ◽

Rosa Pilar Merchán ◽

Alejandro Medina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Power Systems ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Point Of View ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Small Scale ◽

Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Parabolic Dish

Small-scale hybrid parabolic dish concentrated solar power systems are a promising option to obtain distributed electricity. During the day, solar energy is used to produce electricity, and the absence of sunlight can be overwhelmed with fuel combustion. This study presents a thermo-economic survey for a hybridized power plant in different regions of Spain, considering the local climatic conditions. The developed model considers the instant solar irradiance and ambient temperature dynamically, providing an estimation of the power output, the associated fuel consumption, and the most relevant pollutant emissions linked to combustion. Hybrid and combustion-only operating modes at selected geographical locations in Spain (with different latitudes, mean solar irradiances, and meteorological conditions) are analyzed. The levelized cost of electricity indicator is estimated as a function of investment, interest rate, maintenance, and fuel consumption actual costs in Spain. Values of about 124 €/MWhe are feasible. Fuel consumption and emissions in hybrid operation can be reduced above 30% with respect to those of the same turbine working in a pure combustion mode. This model shows the potential of hybrid solar dishes to become cost-competitive against non-renewable technologies from the point of view of costs and reduction in gas emission levels in regions with high solar radiation and low water resources.

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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

Tạp chí Nghiên cứu dân tộc ◽

10.25073/0866-773x/428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bùi Thị Bích Lan

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Transition Process ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Technical Application ◽

Production Models ◽

Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

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Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i3.13659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hariyadi DM ◽

Athiyah U ◽

Hendradi E ◽

Rosita N ◽

Erawati T ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

T Test ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Foot Care ◽

Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

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Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae: Emerging Trends

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866526666191014124855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Niaz Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Aamer Mehmood ◽

Sana Malik

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Genome ◽

Recombinant Proteins ◽

Large Scale ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Scale Up ◽

Chloroplast Transformation ◽

Point Of View ◽

Nuclear Transformation ◽

Scale Production ◽

Algal Chloroplast

: In recent years, microalgae have emerged as an alternative platform for large-scale production of recombinant proteins for different commercial applications. As a production platform, it has several advantages, including rapid growth, easily scale up and ability to grow with or without the external carbon source. Genetic transformation of several species has been established. Of these, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become significantly attractive for its potential to express foreign proteins inexpensively. All its three genomes – nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplastic – have been sequenced. As a result, a wealth of information about its genetic machinery, protein expression mechanism (transcription, translation and post-translational modifications) is available. Over the years, various molecular tools have been developed for the manipulation of all these genomes. Various studies show that the transformation of the chloroplast genome has several advantages over nuclear transformation from the biopharming point of view. According to a recent survey, over 100 recombinant proteins have been expressed in algal chloroplasts. However, the expression levels achieved in the algal chloroplast genome are generally lower compared to the chloroplasts of higher plants. Work is therefore needed to make the algal chloroplast transformation commercially competitive. In this review, we discuss some examples from the algal research, which could play their role in making algal chloroplast commercially successful.

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The Socio-Economics Factors in Family Farms with Different Economic Sustainability Levels from Central and Eastern Europe

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8262

Author(s):

Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży ◽

Marta Guth ◽

Adam Majchrzak ◽

Andreea Cipriana Muntean ◽

Silvia Stefania Maican

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Small Scale ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Family Farms ◽

Small Family ◽

Generational Changes

Economic sustainability plays an important role in shaping conditions for economic growth and social development. The importance of answering the question about the level of sustainability of family farms results from the fact that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, apart from exceptions (e.g. the Czech Republic and Slovakia), are characterized by a fragmented agrarian structure. Hence, the main goal of this article was to answer two questions: 1) whether the countries of Central and Eastern Europe differ in the level of economic sustainability of small family farms; and 2) whether the same socioeconomic factors impact similarly on the level of economic sustainability of small family farms from countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study was based on surveys conducted in small family farms: in 2018 from Poland (672 farms) and in 2019 in four other countries (Lithuania; 999 farms, Romania; 834 farms, Serbia; 523 farms, Moldova; 530 farms). The publication includes a critical analysis of the literature, structure analysis and correlation analysis. The results show the occurrence of large differences between the economic sustainability of small family farms from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The research indicates that the larger the area of a small-scale family farm, the greater its economic sustainability. The productivity of these farms increases with their economic sustainability. The results also prove a negative relationship between the age of the farmer and the economic sustainability of their farm in all analysed countries. These trends were found in all analysed countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The results of the analyses support the conclusion that agricultural policy instruments aimed at increasing the economic sustainability of small family farms should lead to: land consolidation, a decrease in the age of farm owners through generational changes, and a decrease in employment in agriculture, which would lead to a reduction in labour input in the agricultural sector.

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New Deterministic Mathematical Model for Estimating the Useful Energy Output of a Medium-Sized Solar Domestic Hot Water System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2753

Author(s):

Miroslaw Zukowski ◽

Walery Jezierski

Keyword(s):

Thermal Power ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Point Of View ◽

Hot Water ◽

Energy Output ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Software Environment ◽

Optical Efficiency ◽

Domestic Hot Water

According to the authors of this paper, the mathematical point of view allows us to see what sometimes cannot be seen from the designer’s point of view. The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of the most important parameters (volume of heat storage tanks, daily consumption of domestic hot water, optical efficiency, heat loss coefficient, and total area of a solar collector) on the thermal power output of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system in European climatic conditions. Three deterministic mathematical models of these relationships for Madrid, Budapest, and Helsinki were created. The database for the development of these models was carried out using computer simulations made in the TRNSYS software environment. The SDHW system located at the Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) was the source of the measurement results used to validate the simulation model. The mathematical optimization procedure showed that the maximum annual useful energy output that can be obtained from 1 m2 of gross collector area is 1303 kWh in the case of Madrid, 918.5 kWh for Budapest, and 768 kWh for Helsinki weather conditions.

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