Influence of GDP changes on the spatial variation of unemployment in Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to describe the spatial variation of GDP per capita and unemployment rates in the Ukrainian oblasts in the years 2004—2015. The influence of GDP growth rates and unemployment rate delayed by one year on the growth of unemployment rate was examined. For this purpose, methods of panel data econometrics (regression with fixed effects) were used. The research used data published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In the initial years of the analysed period, Ukraine was rapidly developing, which led to an increase in employment and a decrease in unemployment. The global financial crisis resulted in one-year recession and a rapid growth of the unemployment. After the events in the years 2013—2014 (Euromaidan) there was a decline in GDP combined with an increase in unemployment. These processes to the greatest extent were present in the oblasts of Eastern Ukraine, especially in Luhansk and Donetsk.

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Spatial inequality, characteristics of internal migration, and pulmonary tuberculosis in China, 2011–2016: A spatial analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58704/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Chong He ◽

Ke Ju ◽

Ya-Min Gao ◽

Pei Zhang ◽

Yin-Xia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Internal Migration ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Rural Households ◽

Spatial Inequality ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Lower Income ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Background: Human migration facilitate the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Migrants face an increased risk of TB infection. In this study, we aim to explore the spatial inequity of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the spatial heterogeneity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Methods: Notified SS + PTB cases in 31 provinces in mainland China were obtained from the national web-based PTB surveillance system database. Internal migrant data were extracted from the report on China’s migrant population development. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial variation in temporal trends was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Four fixed effects models were used to explore the spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Results: A total of 2 148 620 SS+PTB cases were reported in China between 2011 and 2016, of which, 1 549 664 (72.12%) were male and 598 956 (27.88%) were female. Over 70% of internal migrants were from rural households and had lower income and less educated. The spatial variation in temporal trend results showed that there was an 11.2% average annual decrease in the notification rate of SS + PTB from 2011 to 2016; and spatial clustering of SS + PTB cases was mainly located in western and southern China. The spatial autocorrelation results revealed significant spatial of internal migration each year (2011–2016), and the clusters were stable within most provinces. Internal emigrant and GDP per capita were significantly associated with SS + PTB, further, emigrant could explain more variation in SS + PTB in the eastern region in mainland. However, internal immigrant was not significantly associated with SS + PTB across China. Conclusions: Our study found a significant spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Both emigration and GDP per capita were statistically associated with SS + PTB; the negative association was identified between emigrant and SS + PTB. Further, we found those migrants with lower income and less educated, and most of them were from rural households. These findings can help stakeholders to implement effective PTB control strategies for areas at high risk of PTB and those with high rates of internal migration.

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DEVELOPMENTS IN THE HOUSEHOLD DEBT-TO-GDP RATIO ACROSS THE OECD COUNTRIES SINCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2020.19.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Piotr Bolibok

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Household Debt ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Individual ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

The paper aims to investigate the developments in the household debt-to-GDP ratio across OECD countries over the period 2007–2017 from the standpoint of the individual tendencies in the numerator (household debt) and denominator (GDP) of the ratio, and to identify the groups of countries exhibiting similar patterns in the post-crisis evolution of these variables. The investigation employs a comparative analysis of the average rates of change in household debt and GDP in the sample, as well as k-medians clustering aimed at identifying similarities. The results of the research reveal significant disparities in the development of the household debt-to-GDP ratio across the examined countries in the analysed period driven by the dominant tendencies in its numerator and denominator, which in turn appear to be related to the pre-crisis levels of household sector indebtedness and GDP per capita, as well as the depth of recession that affected each of the particular economies.

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Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tinghui Li ◽

Junhao Zhong ◽

Mark Xu

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Well Being ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Credit Expansion ◽

Transmission Channels ◽

Credit Cycle ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

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Evolución De La Desigualdad Y Pobreza En Nicaragua En El Periodo De 1991 A 2014

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (31) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Carlos Ernesto Luquez Gaitán ◽

Ernest Yasser Núñez Betancourt ◽

Manuel del Valle Sánchez

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Structural Reforms ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Poverty And Inequality ◽

Per Capita

This paper discusses the situation of the evolution of inequality and poverty from a historical perspective, including the structural reforms in Nicaragua during the decade of 1990. It also examines the decline in poverty in Nicaragua from 1991 through World Bank indicators. Methods of measuring inequality and poverty such as the Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, and the incidence rate of poverty, as well as the poverty gap, are used. It includes the results of quantitative assessment of poverty and inequality, and concludes with a decline in poverty. There is evidence of a steady increase in real GDP and a steady trend in the unemployment rate.

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Determinants of failure in Greek manufacturing SMEs

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv14i3art5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 45-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Efthalia Tabouratzi ◽

Christos Lemonakis ◽

Alexandros Garefalakis

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Bank Lending ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Z Score ◽

The Government ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

The globalization and the global financial crisis provide a new extremely competitive environment for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). During the latest years, the increased number of firms’ default has generated the need of understanding the factors of firms’ default, as SMEs in periods of financial crisis suffer from lack of financial resources and expensive bank lending. We use a sample of 3600 Greek manufacturing firms (9 Sectors), covering the time period of 2003-2011 (9 years). We run a panel regression model with correction for fixed effects in both the cross-section and period dimensions using as dependent variable the calculated Z-Score of each firm, and as independent variables several financial ratios, as well as the exporting activity and the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS Accounting Standards).We find that firms presenting higher performance in terms of ROA and sales and higher leverage levels that enhance their liquidity as well are healthier in terms of Z-score than their less profitable counterparts and acquire lower rates of probability of default: in other words, less risk. The results of the study can lead to policy implications for both Managers and the Government in order to enhance the growth of Greek manufacturing sector.

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Proactive and reactive strategies deployed by restaurants in times of crisis

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ◽

10.1108/ijchm-03-2014-0117 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1641-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

María del Mar Alonso-Almeida ◽

Kerstin Bremser ◽

Josep Llach

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Dynamic Capabilities ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Small Sample ◽

Content Type ◽

Organizational Effects ◽

Subsequent Effect ◽

One Year ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

Purpose – This study aims to examine the development of dynamic capabilities and their effect on the competitive advantage of restaurants in 2009, one year after the beginning of the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The restaurants were personally surveyed to discern the importance of proactive and reactive strategies for the organization. The resulting two organizational effects – cost cutting and the development of dynamic capabilities – were tested for their influence on competitive advantage. Findings – The findings show that both proactive and reactive strategies reduce costs; however, only proactive strategies develop dynamic capabilities that improve competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications – The conclusions are drawn from a small sample of restaurants in Madrid, the capital of Spain. Given that Madrid enjoys a higher standard of living and greater business expenditures than other cities, the results may not be generalizable to the rest of the country or to other southern European capitals. Practical implications – Managers must use proactive strategies for companies to survive during times of crisis. A focus on proactive strategies will improve a company’s competitive position. Social implications – Policy makers should support the development of proactive strategies and provide an adequate infrastructure of counseling and network creation. Originality/value – To the best of our knowledge, no previous research specifically analyzes both the type of strategy deployed and its subsequent effect on dynamic capabilities and the consequences of the strategy on competitive advantage during a financial crisis.

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Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e037537

Author(s):

Motohiro Okada ◽

Toshiki Hasegawa ◽

Ryo Kato ◽

Takashi Shiroyama

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Financial Support ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Prevention Programme ◽

Suicide Mortality ◽

Intervention Model ◽

Unemployment Rates ◽

Female Suicide ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Per Capita

ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms of reduced suicide mortality in Japan, which decreased from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 people following the comprehensive suicide prevention programme from 2009 to 2018, the present study determined the relationship between regional suicide mortality, socioeconomic data (GDP per capita, unemployment rates) and financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes.Design and settingStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of regional GDP per capita, unemployment rates and implementation amount of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasures—EFECBSC) on age and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018. Data on each prefecture’s complete unemployment rates, GDP per capita and implementation amount of EFECBSC sub-divisions were derived from an official Japanese governmental database.ResultsBoth prefectural enlightenment and intervention model programmes were found to lead to a decrease in male suicide mortality, but were less effective in reducing female suicide mortality. Municipal enlightenment and intervention model programmes were also less effective in reducing suicide mortality. Municipal development programmes for listener and leader led to a greater decrease in suicide mortality for both men and women compared with such programmes at the prefectural level. Contrary to our expectations, reduced complete unemployment rate only reduced suicide mortality in the older male population without affecting female suicide mortality.ConclusionThe study findings suggest an inverse relationship between financial support and suicide mortality in Japan. Furthermore, independent factors in the reduction of suicide mortality rates provide important information for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.

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The main determinants effecting international visitor arrivals in New Zealand

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816616656417 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 921-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Azmat Gani ◽

Michael D. Clemes

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Exchange Rates ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Good Governance ◽

Real Exchange Rates ◽

Relative Prices ◽

Per Capita ◽

Main Determinants ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

This study examines the main determinants of international visitor arrivals in New Zealand in light of New Zealand’s major earthquakes in 2010 and 2011 as well as the global financial crisis of 2007. Our results provide strong evidence that visitor origin country per capita incomes, relative prices, real exchange rates, the distance between New Zealand and its main visitor origin countries and New Zealand’s record of good governance are statistically significant determinants of visitor arrivals to New Zealand. Our findings also reveal a negative but statistically insignificant effect of the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011on visitor arrivals to New Zealand. Our findings do not provide any significant regressive effect of the global financial crisis on visitor arrivals to New Zealand.

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Pengaruh Good Government Governance Dan Ukuran Legislatif Terhadap Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah

JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI ◽

10.24036/jea.v1i3.152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1426-1442

Author(s):

Vegy Gustianra ◽

Vanica Serly

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Local Government ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Government Performance ◽

Governance Index ◽

Good Government ◽

Per Capita ◽

Government Governance

The variables tested in the study consist of Good Government Governance measured by the rank of Indonesia Governance Index (IGI) and the size of the legislative by using the number of members of the districs parliament, and also local government performance measured by three proxies, the GDP per capita, Poverty Rates, Independence Ratios, Economic Growth and unemployment rate. The study is conducted in 33 district in Indonesia on 2014. The results show that two is no significant effect of good government governance on local government performance by proxy ofIndependence Ratios and Economic Growth. One is no significant effect on the size of the legislative on the performance of local government by proxy of economic growth. one is significant impact on the size of the legislative on the performance of local government by proxy of Independence Ratiosand three model of studi good government governance and the size of the legislative on the performance of local government by proxy of GDP per capita, Poverty Rates,unemployment rate.

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DOES PUBLIC DEBT HAMPER ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN TRANSITIONAL COUNTRIES

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij34051223s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1223-1228

Author(s):

Liza Alili Sulejmani ◽

Armend Ademi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Transition Economies ◽

Public Debt ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Fixed Capital Formation ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Lately, there has been an increased interest among policy makers and scholars regarding the nexus between public debt and economic growth, with emphasizes on its effects on transition economies, particularly after the last global financial crisis. This paper tries to investigate the impact of public debt on economic growth in the European transition economies, for the time spin 2000-2016, by using Pooled OLS, Fixed effects, Random effects and Hausman – Taylor Instrumental variable (IV). In addition, results reveal that public debt although has positive effect on per capita growth still is statistically insignificant, whereas debt square has negative effect on per capita GDP growth. Further, gross savings, final consumption and fixed capital formation have positive effect on per capita growth, while government expenditures do not show significant impact. Moreover, such results highlight important implications for fiscal policymakers in these countries in order to foster the economic growth in the context of public debt level.

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