Preparation and Characterisation of Vitamin-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibres as Promising Transdermal Patches

In this study, bioactive fibers were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin, polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) as a polymer matrix and different amounts of folic acid (FA) as an vitamin by using electrospinning method. Loading of the folic acid in the polymers was determined by the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), morphologies and average diameters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was applied for determining thermal behaviors.The FTIR spectra TGA showed the successful incorporation of folic acid to the fibers. SEM images showed that various smooth and heterogenous electrospun fibers were produced with average diameters ranging from 125 nm to 980 nm. In vitro study was carried out by using FA dissolved in artificial sweat solution (acidic media, pH 5.44) and UV-Vis analysis of electrospun fibers were evaluated. In vitro release studies showed the FA loaded nanofibers had initial vitamin burst release behavior. The maximum vitamin release percentage of PVA/FA, gelatin/FA and PVP/FA fibers was obtained 86.88 %, 80.2 % and 76.66 %, respectively. From these results, the FA-loaded fibers are potential candidates for transdermal patches and topical applications.

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Co-electrospun-electrosprayed PVA/folic acid nanofibers for transdermal drug delivery: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro cytocompatibility

Journal of Industrial Textiles ◽

10.1177/1528083721997185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152808372199718

Author(s):

Fatma Nur Parın ◽

Çiğdem İnci Aydemir ◽

Gökçe Taner ◽

Kenan Yıldırım

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Matrix Material ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Electrospun Fibers ◽

Pva Gel ◽

Fast Release

In this study, hydrophilic based bioactive nanofibers were produced via an electrospinning and electrospraying simultaneous process. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin (PVA-Gel), and poly(vinyl alcohol)-alginate (PVA-Alg) polymers were used as the matrix material and folic acid (FA) particles were dispersed simultaneously on the surface of the nanofibers. The morphology of the nanofibers (NFs) was uniform and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal behavior, chemical structure of the composite nanofibers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy which showed that no chemical bonding between vitamin and polymers. A fast release of FA-loaded electrospun fibers was carried out by UV-Vis in vitro study within the 8 hour-period in artificial sweat solutions (pH 5.44). The obtained PVA/FA, PVA-Gel/FA, and PVA-Alg/FA fibers released 49.6%, 69.55%, and 50.88% of the sprayed FA in 8 h, indicating the influence of polymer matrix and polymer-drug interactions, on its release from the polymer matrix. Moreover, biocompatibility of all developed novel NFs was assessed by two different cytotoxicity tests, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in L929 (mouse fibroblasts) cell lines. In all cases, it is concluded that these new electrospun fibers had fast-release of the vitamin and the hybrid process is suitable for transdermal patch applications, especially for skin-care products. The results of cytocompatibility assays on L929 reveal that all prepared NFs have no or slight cell toxicity. PVA and PVA-Gel with/without FA nanofibers seems more biocompatible than PVA-Alg nanofibers.

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An In Vitro Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite Decontamination for the Reuse of Implant Healing Abutments

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00273 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Almehmadi

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Sem Images ◽

Streptococcus Sanguis ◽

Implant Dentistry ◽

Vitro Analysis

Abstract The re-use of healing abutments (HAs) has become common practice in implant dentistry for economic concerns and the aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in decontamination of HAs. 122 HAs (Used and sterilized n=107; New n=15) were procured from 3 centers, of which 3 samples were discarded due to perforation in sterilization pouch. For sterility assessment, the used HAs (n=80) were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), bacterial isolates were identified in 7 samples. Also, 24 used HAs were stained with Phloxine B, photographed and compared to new HAs (n=5). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessed the differences between the two sets of HAs, following which the 7 contaminated HAs along with 24 used HAs from staining experiment (Total=31) were subsequently treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SEM images were observed. About 8.75% of HAs tested positive in bacterial culture; Streptococcus sanguis, Dermabacter hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aspergillus species were isolated. Phloxine B staining was positive for used and sterilized HAs when compared to controls. The SEM images revealed deposits in the used HAs and although treatment with NaOCl eliminated the contamination of cultured HAs, the SEM showed visible debris in the HA thread region. This in-vitro study concluded that SEM images showed debris in used HAs at screw-hole and thread regions even though they tested negative in bacterial culture. The treatment with NaOCl of used HAs showed no bacterial contamination but the debris was observed in SEM images. Future studies on the chemical composition, biological implications, and clinical influence is warranted before considering the reuse of HAs.

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Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v6i3.8889 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Alaa Zaky ◽

Mohsen Afouna ◽

Ahmed Samy

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

The Body ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Time Interval ◽

Burst Release ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Nocturnal Asthma ◽

Carrier Erythrocytes

Carrier erythrocytes are emerging as one of the most promising biological drug delivery systems investigated in recent decades. Beside its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to circulate throughout the body, it has the ability to perform extended release system of the drug for a long period. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a new carrier system for Salbutamol, maintaining suitable blood levels for a long time, as atrial to resolve the problems of nocturnal asthma medication Therefore in this work we study the effect of time, temperature as well as concentration on the loading of salbutamol in human erythrocytes to be used as systemic sustained release delivery system for this drug. After the loading process is performed the carrier erythrocytes were physically and cellulary characterized. Also, the in vitro release of salbutamol from carrier erythrocytes was studied over time interval. From the results it was found that, human erythrocytes have been successfully loaded with salbutamol using endocytosis method either at 25 Co or at 37 Co . The highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg/ml and 6.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the percent of cells recovery is 90.7± 1.64%. Hematological parameters and osmotic fragility behavior of salbutamol loaded erythrocytes were similar that of native erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the salbutamol loaded cells has moderate change in the morphology. Salbutamol releasing from carrier cell was 43% after 36 hours in phosphate buffer saline. The releasing pattern of the drug from loaded erythrocytes showed initial burst release in the first hour followed by a very slow release, obeying zero order kinetics. It concluded that salbutamol is successfully entrapped into erythrocytes with acceptable loading parameters and moderate morphological changes, this suggesting that erythrocytes can be used as prolonged release carrier for salbutamol.

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Scanning Accuracy of Bracket Features and Slot Base Angle in Different Bracket Materials by Four Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 365

Author(s):

Seon-Hee Shin ◽

Hyung-Seog Yu ◽

Jung-Yul Cha ◽

Jae-Sung Kwon ◽

Chung-Ju Hwang

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Sem Images ◽

Polycrystalline Alumina ◽

Base Angle ◽

Accurate Expression ◽

Dental Model ◽

Alumina Composite ◽

The Difference

The accurate expression of bracket prescription is important for successful orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital scan images of brackets produced by four intraoral scanners (IOSs) when scanning the surface of the dental model attached with different bracket materials. Brackets made from stainless steel, polycrystalline alumina, composite, and composite/stainless steel slot were considered, which have been scanned from four different IOSs (Primescan, Trios, CS3600, and i500). SEM images were used as references. Each bracket axis was set in the reference scan image, and the axis was set identically by superimposing with the IOS image, and then only the brackets were divided and analyzed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences. The difference between the manufacturer’s nominal torque and bracket slot base angle was 0.39 in SEM, 1.96 in Primescan, 2.04 in Trios, and 5.21 in CS3600 (p < 0.001). The parallelism, which is the difference between the upper and lower angles of the slot wall, was 0.48 in SEM, 7.00 in Primescan, 5.52 in Trios, 6.34 in CS3600, and 23.74 in i500 (p < 0.001). This study evaluated the accuracy of the bracket only, and it must be admitted that there is some error in recognizing slots through scanning in general.

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Antimicrobial Properties and Release Profile of Ampicillin from Electrospun Poly(εepsilon;-caprolactone) Nanofiber Yarns

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501000500402 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 155892501000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hang Liu ◽

Karen K. Leonas ◽

Yiping Zhao

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Release Profile ◽

Burst Release ◽

Spun Yarns ◽

Surgical Sutures ◽

Release Model

Poly(εepsilon;-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fibers containing ampicillin sodium salt have been produced and twisted into nanofiber yarns. The fiber diameters and crystallinity, the in vitro antimicrobial properties of the yarns, and the in vitro release of ampicillin from yarns containing various ampicillin concentrations are studied. Decreased fiber diameters and reduced diameter variation are observed with the addition of ampicillin salt into the polymer solution. The results from the zone of inhibition test of the yarns against both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae indicate that the released ampicillin retains its effectiveness after the production processes, therefore the as-spun yarns are antimicrobial active. A burst release of ampicillin from the yarns has been observed in the first hour, and the release is almost completed in 96 hours. The burst release is believed to be due to the low compatibility of ampicillin with PCL, the accumulation of ampicillin on fiber surface and the small fiber diameters. An empirical release model is developed to describe the release profile. The results indicate that the electrospun nanofibers yarns will have a great potential to be used for biomaterials, such as surgical sutures, to decrease the surgical site infection rate.

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Poly(δ-valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13010046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Mohammed Badwelan ◽

Mohammed Alkindi ◽

Osama Alghamdi ◽

Waseem Sharaf Saeed ◽

Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Materials ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Sem Images ◽

Poly Ethylene

Two poly(δ-valerolactone)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP) composites containing an equal ratio of polymer and filled with 50 and 70 wt% of β-TCP microparticles were prepared by the solvent casting method. Interconnected pores were realized using the salt leached technique, and the porosity of the resulted composites was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The homogeneity of the hybrid materials was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared materials’ SEM images showed interconnected micropores that respond to the conditions required to allow their uses as scaffolds. The porosity of each scaffold was determined from micro computed tomography (micro-CT) data, and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the prepared materials was studied through the stress-strain compressive test. The proliferation test results used human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to grow and proliferate on the different types of prepared materials, reflecting that the hybrid materials were non-toxic and could be biologically acceptable scaffolds. The antibacterial activity test revealed that incorporation of amoxicillin in the specimens could inhibit the bacterial growth of S. aureus. The in vitro study of the release of amoxicillin from the PEVAL/PDVAL/amoxicillin and PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP/amoxicillin drug carrier systems in pH media 7.4, during eight days, gave promising results, and the antibiotic diffusion in these scaffolds obeys the Fickian model.

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Evaluation of Surface Change and Roughness in Implants Lost Due to Peri-Implantitis Using Erbium Laser and Various Methods: An In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2602

Author(s):

Aslihan Secgin-Atar ◽

Gokce Aykol-Sahin ◽

Necla Asli Kocak-Oztug ◽

Funda Yalcin ◽

Aslan Gokbuget ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulse Laser ◽

Short Pulse ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Sem Images ◽

Short Pulse Laser ◽

Laser Group ◽

Long Pulse

The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 μs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.

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Mixed Poloxamer Nanomicelles for the Anticonvulsant Lamotrigine Drug: Solubility, Micellar Characterization, and In-Vitro Release Studies

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 5723-5735

Author(s):

Sofiya Shaikh ◽

Hemil Patel ◽

Debes Ray ◽

Vinod K. Aswal ◽

Rakesh K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Burst Release ◽

Drug Solubility ◽

Biphasic Model ◽

Release Studies ◽

Stability Data ◽

A Chain ◽

Vitro Release

Recently the applications of Poloxamers in drug development is promising as it facilitated the drug molecule for delivering to the correct place, at the correct time and in the correct amount. Poloxamers can form nanomicelles to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in order to increase solubility, stability and facilitate delivery at target. In this context, the solubilization of anticonvulsant lamotrigine (LMN) drug in a chain of Poloxamers containing different polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide noieties were examined. The results showed better solubilization of LMN in Poloxamers contain low CMTs while poor with Poloxamers having high CMTs. Systematic investigation of two mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles (P407:P403 and P407:P105) for LMN bioavailability at body temperature (37 °C) were investigated. The solubility of LMN was enhanced in mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles with the amount of P403 and reduced in mixed P407:P105 nanomicelles with the amount of P105. LMN encapsulated mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles were found spherical in shape with ~25 nm Dh sizes. The In-Vitro release profiles of mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles demonstrated the biphasic model with initial burst release and then slowly release of LMN. Better biocompatibility of LMN in the mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles was confirmed with stability data. The results of this work were proven the mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles as efficient nanocarriers for LMN.

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