Priorities for transit and cyclists - case study: bus-lane on Garbary street in Poznań

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Lech Gawełek ◽  
Emilia Góral-Gawełek ◽  
Grzegorz Pluta ◽  
Szymon Fierek
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
Communication Traffic ◽  
Motion Studies ◽  
Simultaneous Movement ◽  
The City

The motorization rate in many Polish cities is growing year by year. In many of cases, (e.g. Poznań), it is the highest value in in Europe (over 600 passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants). Taken this into account together with migration of inhabitants to suburban areas and their daily commuting by car to the city, the effect is excessive congestion of streets and associated with it increasion of exhaust emission and noise, deterioration of safety and, consequently, a decrease in the quality of life in the city. With this in mind, a number of actions have to be taken to increase the share of travels by mass transit. It is also necessary to change social acceptance for priorities for collective transport, alternative communication, traffic calming or parking restrictions in the city center. The article presents proposals for solutions facilitating the simultaneous movement of public mass transport and bicycles on the example of a separate lane on Garbary Street in Poznań. The authors carried out motion studies, built a simulation model and analyzed the possibility of joint use of BUS lanes by buses and bicycles at various levels of bicycle traffic.

scholarly journals Investigating Maturity Requirements to Operate Mobility as a Service: The Rome Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8367
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Corazza ◽  
Giordano Carassiti
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The City ◽  
Advance Knowledge

The maturity of a city to operate a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) ecosystem has been often analyzed in the literature. This and the consideration that MaaS is mostly found in areas with long-enforced transit-oriented policies and efficient multimodal supply raise the research question of whether it would be possible to operate MaaS in urban areas where mobility management is addressed according, on the contrary, to a conservative approach. A field study developed in Rome as a case in point, aimed at analyzing the actual feasibility of local MaaS operations, indicates that limitations are due to the citizens’ low willingness to pay. This is originated by a general underestimation of transit costs and made harsher by the inveterate use of passenger cars as the prevailing modal choice. The paper analyzes the results achieved, collected via a questionnaire, and highlights additional barriers to implement MaaS strictly related to its social acceptance, rather than to its technical viability, as to which the city, instead, is mature. The lesson learnt is that MaaS might be operationally (or technically) feasible even in challenging contexts, like Rome’s, but the prerequisite is to create supporting policies, for which a number of actions are outlined and elaborated, with the research goal to advance knowledge in this field, especially for decision-makers and potential stakeholders who might perceive MaaS as a too-demanding option for the context they operate in.

scholarly journals Analisis pengaruh V/C ratio lalu lintas kendaraan terhadap tingkat polusi udara berdasarkan volume lalu lintas kendaraan (studi di kawasan persimpangan Mall SKA Kota Pekanbaru)

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yevizal ◽  
Aras Mulyadi ◽  
Ferry Fatnanta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Completion of the transportation problems in the city of Pekanbaru currently only looked at in terms of congestion, but not touching insights from environmental aspects such as performance air pollution and noise levels. This research was conducted at the observation point road ahead Repair Tambusai lord Eastern Daihatshu, road Tuanku Tambusai West Side Mall SKA, North Soekarno Hatta street front retail outlets, street front Soekarno Hatta South Hotel Ibis Pekanbaru. V / C Ratio highest in the afternoon rush hour on the road ahead Tambusai lord Stations Daihatsu ie 0.86 pelyanan road performance E. Quality Standard ambient NOx emissions do not exceed the threshold of ambient quality standards, the NOx emission = 281.76 mg/m3. Quality Standard ambient CO emissions do not exceed the threshold of ambient quality standards, namely emission = 7456.79 mg/m3, the noise level over the limit of noise that is 71.41 dB (A). To balance the load reduction in pollutant emissions and noise levels at the flyover plan with the plan of special bus lane traffic volume assumptions have to move 25% of the transfer of the road users of private vehicles and motorbikes switch to using mass public transport vehicles ie Trans Metro bus Pekanbaru.

scholarly journals IMPACT EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IN BHOPAL DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Niranjan Mudliar ◽  
Paramjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

India has been progressing steadily since last two decades in terms of affordability of commodity and purchasing power of the common man. This has given rise to demand which leads to the continuous economic growth. Of course, support from the Government of India as well as various state Governments has come in the form of reforms and infrastructure funding. However this growth has also seen the disadvantage of erratic consumption by wealthy persons as compared to the economically weaker sections, for example on one side there is heavy demand of passenger cars by the higher income group who uses it sparingly but on the other side people of the lower income group who are more in numbers have to rely on public transport. This imbalance creates a wider gap between public affordability to consume a particular commodity like passenger cars. On one side there are persons who buy the latest model introduced by the manufacturer in spite of having sufficient numbers at their disposal and on the other side basic lowest level model are out of reach of some persons in the society, who rely on two-wheeler or public transport which is not reliable. This has not only created a huge gap in public expenditure but has also impact the environment. With year on year increase in number of vehicles in tier 2 cities like Bhopal, there is tremendous influence on the carbon dioxide (CO2) in and around the city. Past decade saw increase in maximum temperatures during summer rise by 3 – 4 degrees above normal in Bhopal and there is clear effect on the monsoon pattern too which has become inconsistent with rains reaching 120 mm in three days. Earlier this quantity was spread over a month. The last major season of winter is seen getting reduced to two months only from the earlier four, again with temperatures dropping suddenly below normal etc. This effect must be the result of increasing number of passenger vehicles in the city apart from other factors which also need detailed study for their influence.

Exhaust Emissions From Two Intercity Passenger Locomotives

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
California Department ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Smoke Opacity

To enhance the effectiveness of intercity passenger rail service in mitigating exhaust emissions in California, the California Department to Transportation (Caltrans) included limits on exhaust emissions in its intercity locomotive procurement specifications. Because there were no available exhaust emission test data on which emission reduction goals could be based, Caltrans funded a test program to acquire gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions data, along with smoke opacity data, from two state-of-the-art intercity passenger locomotives. The two passenger locomotives (an EMD F59PH and a GE DASH8-32BWH) were tested at the Association of American Railroads Chicago Technical Center. The EMD locomotive was eqiupped with a separate Detroit Diesel, Corporation (DDC) 8V-149 diesel engine used to provide 480 V AC power for the trailing passenger cars. This DDC engine was also emission tested. These data were used to quantify baseline exhaust emission levels as a challenge to locomotive manufacturers to offer new locomotives with reduced emissions. Data from the two locomotive engines were recorded at standard fuel injection timing and with the fuel injection timing retarded 4 deg in an effort to reduce NOx emissions. Results of this emissions testing were incorporated into the Caltrans locomotive procurement process by including emission performance requirements in the Caltrans intercity passenger locomotive specification, and therefore in the procurement decision. This paper contains steady-state exhaust emission test results for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) from the two locomotives. Computed sulfur dixoide (SO2) emissions are also given, and are based on diesel fuel consumption and sulfur content. Exhaust smoke opacity is also reported.

scholarly journals Criteria for Evaluation of Offers in Tender Procedures for City Buses in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Aleksander Jagiełło
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Collective Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
The City

On the basis of the literature review and secondary research results presented in the article, it should be stated that the continuous modernization of the rolling stock used to provide collective urban transport services is one of the main tools to encourage urban residents to abandon the use of passenger cars for collective transport. In order to make the rolling stock modernization process as smoothly as possible, it is necessary to carry out and then settle tenders for city buses. In the article, the primary research on the criteria used to evaluate offers in tender procedures for city buses in Poland was presented using descriptive statistics. The article also attempts to discuss whether the current weightings of the price criterion and non-price criteria reflect their share in the total cost of the life cycle of the city bus.

scholarly journals The impact of vehicle dynamic parameters on the exhaust emissions in RDE tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Jacek PIELECHA ◽  
Karolina KURTYKA ◽  
Kinga SKOBIEJ
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Positive Acceleration ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Test Route ◽  
The Impact

The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars with different drives. For this purpose, cars of one type were selected, meeting the same exhaust toxicity standard (Euro 6c) and differing in used internal combustion engines (with spark-ignition, compression-ignition and hybrid drive). Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a several of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring sections, their overall timeshare and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters and to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. Then the obtained results were analyzed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. By determining the road emission of individual harmful compounds for all vehicles and the dynamic parameters of drive (relative positive acceleration and product of speed and positive acceleration) in various phases of the road test it was possible to compare them. On this basis, the impact of dynamic conditions of road tests on the obtained results of the road exhaust emission of harmful compounds for passenger cars with various drives was defined.

scholarly journals Roller dynamometer particle immission* measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Atzler ◽  
Alfred Wiedensohler ◽  
Tilo Roß ◽  
Kay Weinhold ◽  
Maximilian Dobberkau
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Link Type

AbstractUrban traffic is a significant contributor of particulate matter to the environment (Kessinger et al. in https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/5750/publikationen/hgp_luftqualitaet_2020_bf.pdf, 2021). Hence, there is a high interest in the measured data of roadside immission measurement station. In the federal state Saxony (Germany), the State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG) is responsible for supervision of the air pollution. In a joint project, the LfULG, the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) and the Chair of Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems of the Technical University of Dresden (Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungsmotoren und Antriebssysteme, LVAS) measured the particulate immission* from a selection of passenger cars in an “environment simulation” Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020). Especially direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI, without particle filter have a high particulate matter emission, depending on the operating condition. However, an increase of the particulate matter immission due to the rising market penetration of DISI engines was not measurable at the immission measurement stations of LfULG. To investigate the effect of vehicle exhaust emission and immission, an experiment was developed to measure particulate matter immission similar to road conditions on a chassis dynamometer. Five used cars with different engines, exhaust after treatment systems and mileage were evaluated regarding their emissions and particulate immissions. Unexpectedly, a high amount of ultrafine particulate matter smaller 100 nm was found during the emission measurements, although the exhaust emissions were completely extracted to the CVS measurement system. It was concluded that these particles were assignable to break and tire wear. This paper summarizes the most important findings, the complete report is available in Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Reduction of Pollutant Emissions by the Vehicle Fleet of the City of Reggio Calabria Due to the Introduction of Ecological Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Concettina Marino ◽  
Cosimo Monterosso ◽  
Antonino Nucara ◽  
Maria Francesca Panzera ◽  
Matilde Pietrafesa
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The City

Nowadays, the effects of pollution at a global scale are mainly due to the emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2 in particular), especially generated by thermoelectrical plants, as well as the transport, industrial, and civil sectors. Moreover, local pollution effects are generated by several pollutants, such as CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, and PM, produced during combustion in transports or building thermal plants. Because of the increasing demand for mobility at an urban scale, pollution caused by transportation plays a significant role. To reduce its environmental impact, a partial or total replacement of old and polluting vehicles with more ecological ones must be urgently implemented. With this aim, in the paper, a detailed analysis of the vehicle fleet of the city of Reggio Calabria (Italy), with reference to passenger cars has been carried out, elaborating four scenarios to reduce their pollutant emissions from 2017 to 2025, both greenhouse gases and local scale ones, through the replacement of old and polluting vehicles with hybrid or electric ones.

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