This scope of systemic security of the Republic of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sambor
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Stability ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Poland, like any other country, is exposed to a number of external and internal threats. The rapidly changing geopolitical situation as well as civilisational and technological development are creating new threats in the sphere of internal stability of a state, whose condition affects not only its institutions, but also its citizens and international relations. As we known, the concept of state includes the following three elements: a particular territory, the population living on that territory and a sovereign power (government) of supreme authority. Since systemic security is linked to the third of these elements, undoubtedly its preservation is important for the existence of the State

scholarly journals Head of State: Function of the President of the Republic of Belarus

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
I. G. Skorokhod
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
State Function ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legitimate State ◽  
State Body

According to the author of the paper, the head of state is not a position, not a title, not any state body, but the function of the President of the Republic of Belarus, along with the function of the guarantor of the Constitution, human and civil rights and freedoms. The function of the head of state is unchanged and is due to his position in the system of state authorities. This function manifests the nature and essence of the institution of the presidency, which cannot be reduced to specific actions or practices, therefore, it is implemented through the exercise of powers in various organizational forms. In this regard, the concept of “president”, unlike “head of state”, is not static, but dynamic, since the list of rights and duties of the President of the Republic of Belarus is open.Powers are unambiguous, substantive rights and duties of the President, legitimized from the functions and expressed in various organizational forms of his activities. At the same time, the characteristics of the President’s powers can only show the external side of his activities. The powers of the President, in contrast to the functions, are a variable value. The President through representative, legitimation, arbitration, control, rulemaking, personnel, integration, symbolist and ceremonial state powers carries out the function of the head of state.The function of the head of state is the superiority and precedence of the President over all state officials. In accordance with it, the idea of the Republic of Belarus is personified. This function allows the President of the Republic of Belarus to be the main public representative and act on behalf of the Belarusian state both within it and in international relations. This is the result of the state obtaining the status of a legitimate state, the continuity and interaction of state authorities, mediation between them. The constitutional function of the head of state makes it necessary for the President to have instruments of power-state bodies operating within this function.

scholarly journals Ideology and Values in Turkey's Foreign Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
V. A. Avatkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The article considers the role of ideology and values in the formation and implementation of the current foreign policy of the Republic of Turkey. Taking into account the increasing role of regional actors such as Turkey in international politics, studying their tactics and mechanisms of influence on the global political environment is necessary to explain the further transformation of the international system.The study reveals the strengthening role of the ideology and values in world politics in general and in individual states, such as Turkey, in particular. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party headed by the current President R.T. Erdogan the country began a gradual transition from «Kemalism», which includes the preservation of secularism, ProWestern democratic values and a gradual departure from the Ottoman heritage, to a more conservative domestic and foreign policy, characterized by the strengthening of Islamist and nationalist sentiments, as well as the transition to the policy of «neo-Ottomanism», «neo-pan-Turkism». The return of the idea of «aggrandizement» of the country to the official political discourse has affected the conduct of Turkey's foreign policy towards both the regional states and the world arena as a whole.The Republic not only began self-restoration as an autonomous actor of international relations in the eyes of the key world powers, but also started to spread its own values and ideas among the population of both the Middle East and among the states which constitute a national interest for Turkey (Russia, the post-Soviet space, etc.), thus influencing them at various levels and involving them in its orbit of influence – both politically, economically and from a humanitarian point of view.Using «hard power» abroad no longer meets the current Turkey’s policy. Instead it relies on forging humanitarian ties, combining initiatives in the cultural, educational and scientific fields to achieve a long-term influence. The Republic of Turkey is trying to spread the following values among the world community:«Justice». International relations must be just and fair. For Turkey it means conformity with its national interests.«Religious fatalism». Government actions both at home and abroad are legitimized through references to religion and fate.«Democratic values». The Republic of Turkey considers itself the most democratic state in the world and contrasts itself with “Western democracies”, which, according to the Turkish leadership, are spreading hegemony rather than democracy.«State-centrism» and collectivism. The interests of the state, society, and especially the Muslim Ummah, are placed above the values of the individual.«Traditional values». Given the Islamization and conservatism of Turkish society as a whole, traditional values also begin to play a major role in the general political discourse of the state.«Culture». Turkey also makes adjustments to the concept of «culture» in very inclusive terms, presenting its culture as a «melting pot» that can turn anything into Turkish.«Respect». In the eastern tradition, it is customary to show respect to elders, as well as neighbors and guests. Turkey uses a demonstration of respect in foreign policy instrumentally and pragmatically. An example of this is the address of the President of Turkey in relation to the leaders of other states: Nursultan Nazarbayev – «aksakal» of the Turkic world, Vladimir Putin is a «dear friend».

scholarly journals The Legal Aspect of The Implementation of Dual Citizenship In Indonesia: Demands Of The Diaspora

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337
Author(s):  
Emma Desy Wulansari ◽  
Nafi Oktavia Farikha ◽  
Thomas Yanuar Joko Prabowo ◽  
Swastika Prima Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
The State ◽  
State Law ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The demand of the Diaspora for the enactment of dual citizenship has not been fulfilled by the Indonesian Government since the state still subscribes to the principle of “one person one citizenship.” This single citizenship principle has been adhered to since the independence of Indonesia, stemming from the 1945 Constitution as the highest state law, Law no. 3 of 1946 on Citizens and Residents of the State, Law no. 62 of 1958 on the Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia, up until the Law no. 12 of 2006 as the current Citizenship Law of the Republic of Indonesia, which is currently applicable. In the present, the Government has issued a policy alternative in the form of Indonesian Overseas Card to ensure the civil rights of citizens and foreigners of Indonesian national descent who reside overseas so that they can enjoy facilities in Indonesia. This policy is also intended to revise the validity period for Visit Visa to be applicable for several visits and the period of residence permit, specifically for foreigners who are former citizens of Indonesia and their families, as a means of accommodating the diaspora’s demands. With the issuance of the policy, there is a recognition towards the existence of the Indonesian diaspora overseas as one of the non-state actors for international relations and as agents of change for their homeland.

The international actor (the individual) in international relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ziad Khalaf Abdullah Al - Jubouri
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The concept of international relations is very broad. In modern use it includes not only relations between States but also relations between States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations and other enterprises. As a result of the scientific and technological development of mankind and the accompanying economic, social and cultural developments, Is the only actor in international relations there are other international people have emerged to exist one by one in harmony with and consistent with these developments in humanity is no longer the international theater exclusive to the State alone, Lyon are better with the ability to work, performance and influence in international relations, the last of whom is an actor visible international individual.

NORMATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE STATE IMAGE OF UZBEKISTAN IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Shahodat Mirzalieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Institutional Foundations ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This article discusses some aspects of the regulatory and institutional framework for the formation of the state image of Uzbekistan in international relations. Consequently, the Republic of Uzbekistan has a unique image in the international arena, which is reflected in a number of laws andregulations.In particular, the article presents a number of factors in the formation of the state image of Uzbekistan.Naturally, it is worth noting that economic, social, political and cultural factors are of great importance in shaping the image of the state. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis of the place and role of tourism in the large-scale reforms implemented in the country over the next three years was carried out.Also, the goals and objectives, factors and features of the formation of the image of the state have been studied, scientific theoretical and scientific-practical conclusions are made

The Future of International System

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
James A. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
International System ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future

There are at least three ways we can describe international political behavior: (1) We can view international relations as taking place in an arena marked by military competition for the scarce commodity named security; (2) we can see international political behavior as a complex set of human interaction, where the ‘high politics’ of military policy is being eroded by the increasing stalemate of power and the emergence of global interdependencies; and (3) we can see international politics as an arena of moral obligation. Each of these views implies a different prognosis of the future. A future world based on power seems, however, little likely, given the diminishing utility of the state to serve traditional security ends and the erosion of the use of force. An increasingly interdependent world is possible, but there is no governmental structure presently developing which seems likely to manage these dependencies. And there is little likelihood the third view will receive sufficient institutional sustenance.

The Republic

2008 ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
Poetry And Music

The Republic happens to be Plato's most important work. The article throws light on Plato's Magnum Opus. The debate rages over the idea of a city; rather an ideal city state comprising three classes—producers, auxiliaries, and guardians. The first to provide for the material needs of the state, the second for its defence, and the third to rule. Each has a specific function of its own, and none is to interfere with the others. Above all, the just city will be unified, ordered, and harmonious. The rulers and auxiliaries, the two classes Socrates discusses at most length, will be dedicated to protecting the good of the state as a whole, and every aspect of their education, as well as the conditions, under which they live, will be minutely engineered to ensure they fulfil their roles as best they can. In a particularly famous passage, Socrates devotes considerable attention to the arts, proposing radical censorship of the kinds of poetry and music to which will be applicable in the city-state or the Republic that Plato has idealized.

Japanese Political Studies and Japanese International Relations in China, Japan, and Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
KEISUKE IIDA
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article summarizes the findings of this special issue focusing on five questions: (1) who studies Japanese politics and international relations in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea?; (2) what is being studied in each of these countries?; 3) how are Japanese politics studied in each of these countries?; (3) what determines the nature of the study of Japanese politics and international relations?; and 4) what is the impact of the study of Japanese politics in each of these three countries? The findings on the first questions are that most scholars in each of these countries are concentrated in their forties and fifties, but their educational backgrounds are considerably varied. On the second question, the topics of study are becoming more wide-ranging in recent years, although in China, government policy still puts a constraint on the range of topics studied. Regarding the third question, the approaches that are used are becoming more varied, especially in Japan and South Korea. Concerning the fourth question, domestic politics in each of these countries matter, and financial constraints are a problem in China. Finally, it seems that Korean scholars in this area may have greater impact on the government than in the other two countries.

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