scholarly journals Probability of an Intermediate (Reduced Operational) State

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Paweł SZCZEPAŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Intermediate State ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Additional Component ◽  
Kolmogorov Equations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Operational Failure

This work examines with the form of the well-known sum: p + q = 1 – which is the sum of the probabilities of opposite events, in particular: the sum of the probabilities of the operational and non-operational (failure) states of a single element (a creation characterised by one output and any number of inputs). It was found that without significantly compromising the accuracy of the previous analyses, it was possible to introduce an additional component to the sum: iiipq3, a component that embodies the probability of an intermediate state, or a reduced operational state. With a constant value of the sum of the components in question, their variation as a function of probability q was determined, following which in the function of the same variable the variation of the entropy of an element's i state was examined using Chapman-Kolmogorov equations; here the focus was on investigating the intensity of the transition from the operational state to the non-operational state or an intermediate state, and from an intermediate state to the non-operational state. The meaning of intermediate probability was also referenced to the object: its diagnostic program, the entropy of structure, the full set of discriminable states, and the relevant transition intensities. It became indispensable in this respect to describe the object using the language of graph theory, in which the basic concepts are layers and an availability matrix. It should be noted that the subject object is an entity that comprises a set of individual elements, with a number and structure of connections that are consistent with the purpose of this entity.

scholarly journals Teaching Combinatorial Principles Using Relations through the Placemat Method

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Viliam Ďuriš ◽  
Gabriela Pavlovičová ◽  
Dalibor Gonda ◽  
Anna Tirpáková
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Combinatorial Structures ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Combinatorial Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As Graph

The presented paper is devoted to an innovative way of teaching mathematics, specifically the subject combinatorics in high schools. This is because combinatorics is closely connected with the beginnings of informatics and several other scientific disciplines such as graph theory and complexity theory. It is important in solving many practical tasks that require the compilation of an object with certain properties, proves the existence or non-existence of some properties, or specifies the number of objects of certain properties. This paper examines the basic combinatorial structures and presents their use and learning using relations through the Placemat method in teaching process. The effectiveness of the presented innovative way of teaching combinatorics was also verified experimentally at a selected high school in the Slovak Republic. Our experiment has confirmed that teaching combinatorics through relationships among talented children in mathematics is more effective than teaching by a standard algorithmic approach.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

Action without Intention: Some Remarks of Analytical Philosophy Applied to the Theory of Social Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Aleksander Sanzhenakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
External Context ◽  
Obvious Consequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Theory Of Social Action ◽  
Organically Combine

The article is devoted to the consideration of the theory of social action in the context of criticism of the theory of action by analytical philosophy. Firstly, the article describes the basic concepts of social action by M. Weber, E. Durkheim, and T. Parsons. Despite some disagreements between these sociologists, they agree that social action is purposeful and intentional, as well as focused on other people, due to which it receives a social characteristic. Then the author turns to analytical philosophy, in which the concept of "intention" was subjected to skeptical analysis. For example, in the philosophy of late Wittgenstein, action receives its meaning not from the intentions of the actor, but from the context of its implementation, just as words get their meaning from the conditions in which they are used. His ideas were developed by E. Anscombe, who rejected introspection as a method of comprehending the intentions of the subject of action. An obvious consequence of the refusal of psychologizing intent was an appeal to the context of the action being performed and to its social conditions as well. Having considered examples of the application of the theories of social action, the author concludes that sociologists in most of their studies use the model of a rational subject of action, the distinguishing feature of which is awareness of one’s own intentions and goals. Although some researchers have attempted to make this model weaker in order to approximate it to real participants of social interaction, these changes did not affect the awareness of the subject of action of his own goals and intentions. Therefore, the author of the article concludes that one of the urgent tasks of sociology is to develop a new model of the subject of action, which will organically combine the subject’s orientation to the external context and limited awareness of the grounds for his own actions.

scholarly journals Fundamentos del método científico

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H Badii ◽  
A. R. Pazhakh ◽  
José Luis Abreu Quintero ◽  
R Foroughbakhch
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Subject Material

Palabras claves: Ciencia, ECOEE, investigación, métodosResumen. El objetivo de esta obra no radica en realizar una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en el tema, sino, sentar las bases del método científico, notando los aspectos filosóficos e éticos de la ciencia. Se presentan los conceptos y definiciones fundamentales relacionados con la metodología de la investigación científica. Se maneja el concepto de la toma de los datos válidos como un requisito básico en cualquier trabajo científico. Se pone a disposición del lector un modelo denominado el ECOEE que es una herramienta poderosa para establecer puntos de comparación e discusión entre los resultados de diferentes trabajos científicos. Finalmente, ofrece unas sugerencias de que hacer o no hacer en cuanto a realizar un trabajo de investigación.Key words: ECOEE, methods, research, Science Abstract.The aim of this paper is not to conduct a thorough literature search on the subject material, but to stress the fundamentals of the scientific methodology along with the philosophical and ethical issues thereof. The basic concepts and definitions in relation to research methodology are presented. The concept of data collection as a basic requisite in any scientific work is discussed. The ECOEE model as a strong tool in establishing different points of view and comparison among the results of different scientific works are laid out. Finally, some tips and suggestions are given as what to do or to avoid in conducting scientific research.

scholarly journals What is 'the subject' the name for? The conceptual structure of Alain Badiou’s theory of the subject

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Margus Vihalem
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Concept Of Truth

The present paper outlines some basic concepts of Alain Badiou’s philosophy of the subject, tracking down its inherent and complex philosophical implications. These implications are made explicit in the criticism directed against the philosophical sophistry which denies the pertinence of the concept of truth. Badiou’s philosophical innovation is based on three nodal concepts, namely truth, event and subject, and it must be revealed how the afore-mentioned concepts are organized and interrelated, eventually leading to reformulating the concept of the subject. In its exercise, philosophy is intimately affiliated to the four adjacent procedures of mathematics, art, love and politics that could be understood as overall conditions on the margins of which philosophical thinking takes place. Separating philosophy from ontology and charging philosophy with what exceeds being, Badiou transforms it to the general theory of the event. Consequently the concept of the subject is disconnected from that of the object, the subject being not an instance of knowledge, but always a part of generic procedures and thus definable simply as a finite fragment or an operative configuration of the traces of the event. Therefore, it could be stated that Badiou’s theory of the subject is formal and refuses all essentialist connotations.

scholarly journals E-Instructional Multimedia in Basic Concepts of Electrical and Electronic Lessons

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Pramudita Budiastuti ◽  
Moh. Khairudin ◽  
M.N.A Azman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Adobe Flash ◽  
Instructional Multimedia ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Teaching Learning

Interactive learning media facilitate students to be understand and comprehend certain contents of engineering subjects. Therefore, this study aimed to develop e-instructional multimedia for students in the subject of basic electronics and electricity using adobe flash CS 5.5. This subject was selected to support the teaching-learning process at the Vocational Secondary Schools. There were five stages during the development of the learning media, including (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation (ADDIE). Furthermore, 30 students in total were selected to test the media practicability. The results revealed that this multimedia is acceptable based on five criteria: creativity, affectivity, efficiency, interestingly, and interactivity with the scores of 76.8, 76.8, 71.5, 77.4, and 74.4 respectively. This study suggested the implementation of the e-instructional multimedia for further understanding its empirical application.    

scholarly journals Teaching Mathematics in English for Elementary Students of Asak Paroki MKK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Clara Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Math Vocabulary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Math Problems

Mathematics subject is considered difficult for most elementary students, especially when the subject is given in English. To be able to do math exercises in English, the students have to understand the math vocabulary and the concepts of math. The purpose of this community development program is to increase the elementary students’ ability in solving word math problems in English. The participants in this program are twenty elementary students who are included in ASAK Paroki MKK community. The program is created in the form of classroom teaching and activities. In this program, we teach them the basic concepts of math vocabulary, understanding the word problems and the solutions to the problems.  We also use several related activities to make the lessons meaningful and comprehensible. The results show that the students are able to solve math problems in English correctly and confidently.

scholarly journals COLLEGE STUDENT’S ERROR ANALYSIS BASED ON THEIR MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS ON GRAPH REPRESENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
I ketut Suastika ◽  
Vivi Suwanti
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
College Student ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Graph Representations ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Basic Concepts

This study is investigates the college student’s errors on their graph representations making based on the mathematical connections indicators. Pilot studies were conducted with 4 college students of middle to high ability in Graph Theory class. Data analyze revealed that top 3 subject’s errors are 1) Finding the relations of a representations to it’s concepts and procedures, 2) Applying mathematics in other sciences or real life problems, and 3) Finding relations among procedures of the equivalent representations. Their lack of graph concepts understanding and it’s connections plays the major role in their errors. They failed at recognizing and choosing the suitable properties of graph which able to detect the error of their graph representation. So, in order to decrease college student errors in graph representations, we need to strengthen their basic concepts and its connections.

The Importance Of The Subject "Art Photo Composition" In The Study Of Photo Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Jasur Jumaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Photo Composition

The article covers the basic concepts of artistic photo composition, the general purpose of the composition, the artist's use of visual and expressive means of this art, the use of specific methods and techniques of constructive construction.

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